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Altenhof AR, Gan Z, Schurko RW. Reducing the effects of weak homonuclear dipolar coupling with CPMG pulse sequences for static and spinning solids. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 337:107174. [PMID: 35279507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Carr-Purcell/Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence, initially introduced for measuring transverse relaxation time constants (T2), can provide significant signal enhancements for solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectra. The proper implementation of CPMG for acquiring spectra influenced by chemical shift anisotropies (CSAs), first and/or second order quadrupolar interactions, or paramagnetic broadening has been well documented to date, as have the effects of heteronuclear dipolar coupling on CPMG echo trains and T2 lifetimes. Homonuclear dipolar coupling can also impact T2 lifetimes and CPMG echo trains; these effects have been thoroughly investigated for spectra of homonuclear dipolar coupled spin-1/2 nuclei typically acquired under static conditions that are predominantly influenced by dipolar broadening (e.g., 1H, 19F, etc.). In particular, it has been shown that short refocusing pulses with small flip angles can extend the effective T2 (T2eff, the observed T2 constant as impacted by experimental conditions) measured by CPMG sequences for strong homonuclear dipolar coupled spin-1/2 pairs under static conditions. To date, these effects have not been explored for (i) spin-1/2 nuclei that have significant CSAs and simultaneously feature weak homonuclear dipolar couplings, (ii) for quadrupolar nuclei that are also weakly homonuclear dipolar coupled, and (iii) for either of these cases under magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions. Herein, we demonstrate that short refocusing pulses that cause small flip angles can reduce the attenuation of signal in CPMG echo trains resulting from dipolar dephasing caused by the weak homonuclear dipolar couplings. For both spin-1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei, this can lead to significant extensions in T2eff and signal enhancements of up to three times compared to conventional CPMG in favourable cases. These phenomena can occur under both static and magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions, in the latter of which homonuclear couplings are reintroduced by rotational resonance (R2) recoupling. Experimental examples of 13C (I = 1/2), 2H (I = 1), 87Rb (I = 3/2), 23Na (I = 3/2), and 35Cl (I = 3/2) NMR under static and MAS conditions, as well as simulations of these phenomena, are shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Altenhof
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
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Iijima T, Ohki S, Tansho M. Separated quadrupole and shift interactions of 2H NMR spectra in paramagnetic solids by asymmetric pulse sequences. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2021; 112:101709. [PMID: 33494022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Separated pure-quadrupole (PQ) and -shift (PS) spectra of 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of paramagnetic solids are obtained and correlated by simple pulse sequences that can acquire the full magnetization under ideal conditions. Two-dimensional NMR signals obtained using an asymmetric π-pulse-inserted quadrupole-echo (APIQE) sequence yielded separated spectra through the skew operation of an affine transform (AT) before a Fourier transform. Modified APIQE sequences that acquire whole echo signals were fabricated, and separated PQ and PS spectra were obtained by applying a combination of AT, such as rotation and skew operations, to the signal data. These methods were demonstrated for diamagnetic Zn(CD3CO2)2⋅2H2O and paramagnetic Nd(CD3CO2)3⋅1.5H2O. Further, the dynamics of the D2O molecule and [Co(D2O)6]2+ ion in paramagnetic CoSiF6⋅6D2O was analyzed based on the temperature dependence of the separated spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iijima
- Institute of Arts and Sciences, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Ohki
- NMR Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0003, Japan
| | - Masataka Tansho
- NMR Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0003, Japan
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Fu Y, Guan H, Yin J, Kong X. Probing molecular motions in metal-organic frameworks with solid-state NMR. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Walder BJ, Patterson AM, Baltisberger JH, Grandinetti PJ. Hydrogen motional disorder in crystalline iron group chloride dihydrates. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:084503. [PMID: 30193484 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal components and the relative orientation of the 2H paramagnetic shift and quadrupolar coupling tensors have been measured for the MCl2·2D2O family of compounds, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, using the two-dimensional shifting-d echo nuclear magnetic resonance experiment in order to determine (1) the degree of unpaired electron delocalization and (2) the number and location of crystallographically distinct hydrogen sites around oxygen and their fractional occupancies. Expressions for the molecular susceptibility of 3d ion systems, where the spin-orbit coupling is a weak perturbation onto the crystal field, are derived using the generalized Van Vleck equation and used to predict molecular susceptibilities. These predicted molecular susceptibilities are combined with various point dipole source configurations modeling unpaired electron delocalization to predict 2H paramagnetic shift tensors at potential deuterium sites. The instantaneous deuterium quadrupolar coupling and shift tensors are then combined with parameterized motional models, developed for trigonally (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu) and pyramidally (M = Ni) coordinated D2O ligands, to obtain the best fit of the experimental 2D spectra. Dipole sources placed onto metal nuclei with a small degree of delocalization onto the chlorine ligands yield good agreement with the experiment for M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, while good agreement for CuCl2·2D2O is obtained with additional delocalization onto the oxygen. Our analysis of the salts with trigonally coordinated water ligands (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu) confirms the presence of bisector flipping and the conclusions from neutron scattering measurements that hydrogen bonding to chlorine on two adjacent chains leads to the water molecule in the [M(D2O)2Cl4] cluster being nearly coplanar with O-M-Cl involving the shortest metal-chlorine bonds of the cluster. In the case of NiCl2·2D2O, the experimental parameters were found to be consistent with a motional model where the D2O ligands are pyramidally coordinated to the metal and undergo bisector flipping while the water ligand additionally hops between two orientations related by a 120° rotation about the Ni-O bond axis. The position of the three crystallographically distinct hydrogen sites in the unit cell was determined along with fractional occupancies. This restricted water ligand motion is likely due to van der Waals interactions and is concerted with the motion of neighboring ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J Walder
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Alex M Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jay H Baltisberger
- Division of Natural Science, Mathematics, and Nursing, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky 40403, USA
| | - Philip J Grandinetti
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Iijima T, Shimizu T. Separation of 2H NMR spectra assisted by molecular dynamics in diamagnetic and paramagnetic solids. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2018; 91:1-8. [PMID: 29549808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The relaxation-assisted separation method was applied to overlapping 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of diamagnetic and paramagnetic solids to separate them based on the different relaxation behaviors caused by molecular motion. Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequences for 2H NMR were adopted to build two-dimensional data sets from one-dimensional NMR experiments. For diamagnetic α-glycine, the 2H NMR spectrum collected at 198 K was separated into two components from static -CD2- and dynamic -ND3. In addition, for the paramagnetic Sm(NO3)3·6D2O, the asymmetric 2H NMR spectra obtained at 213 K due to the hyperfine coupling was also separated into two components, which corresponded to coordinated and crystal water molecules undergoing a 180° flip motion with different correlation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iijima
- Institute of Arts and Sciences, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Shimizu
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0003, Japan
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Iijima T, Shimizu T, Nishimura K. 2H NMR pure-quadrupole spectra for paramagnetic solids. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 251:57-64. [PMID: 25562570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple two-dimensional NMR method for obtaining (2)H NMR pure-quadrupole spectra of paramagnetic solids. This method is based on a quadrupole-echo sequence inserted with 180° pulses, where the pulse spacings are incremented asymmetrically so that the (2)H magnetization evolves only by the quadrupole interaction in the indirect dimension. It is shown that when the sequence is carried out with strong radio-frequency pulses, the spectrum projected to the indirect dimension can be simulated using the quadrupole-echo sequence without considering the effect of the paramagnetic shift. The method was also used to investigate molecular dynamics by measurement and simulation of the temperature dependence of the (2)H NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iijima
- Institute of Arts and Sciences, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Shimizu
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0003, Japan
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Walder BJ, Dey KK, Davis MC, Baltisberger JH, Grandinetti PJ. Two-dimensional NMR measurement and point dipole model prediction of paramagnetic shift tensors in solids. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:014201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4904548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J. Walder
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Krishna K. Dey
- Department of Physics, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Michael C. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jay H. Baltisberger
- Division of Natural Science, Mathematics, and Nursing, Berea College, Berea, Kentucky 40403, USA
| | - Philip J. Grandinetti
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Iijima T, Yamase T, Tansho M, Shimizu T, Nishimura K. Electron Localization of Polyoxomolybdates with ε-Keggin Structure Studied by Solid-State 95Mo NMR and DFT Calculation. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2431-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp409969g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iijima
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamase
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta,
Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- MO Device Corporation, Kanazawa 920-0335, Japan
| | - Masataka Tansho
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0003, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shimizu
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0003, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Nishimura
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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O'Dell LA. Direct detection of nitrogen-14 in solid-state NMR spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 59:295-318. [PMID: 22027340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A O'Dell
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 5A2.
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Iijima T, Nishimura K. 2H quadrupolar Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill NMR for paramagnetic solids. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cavadini S. Indirect detection of nitrogen-14 in solid-state NMR spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 56:46-77. [PMID: 20633348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavadini
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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O'Dell LA, Ratcliffe CI. Ultra-wideline 14N NMR spectroscopy as a probe of molecular dynamics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6774-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01902j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cavadini S, Abraham A, Ulzega S, Bodenhausen G. Evidence for Dynamics on a 100 ns Time Scale from Single- and Double-Quantum Nitrogen-14 NMR in Solid Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:10850-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja802603q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavadini
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Biomoléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Département de Chimie, associé au CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Anuji Abraham
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Biomoléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Département de Chimie, associé au CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Simone Ulzega
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Biomoléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Département de Chimie, associé au CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Geoffrey Bodenhausen
- Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Biomoléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochime, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Département de Chimie, associé au CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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Thrippleton MJ, Cutajar M, Wimperis S. Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR linewidths in the presence of solid-state dynamics. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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