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Aguila L, Nociti RP, Sampaio RV, Therrien J, Meirelles FV, Felmer RN, Smith LC. Haploid androgenetic development of bovine embryos reveals imbalanced WNT signaling and impaired cell fate differentiation†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:821-838. [PMID: 37788061 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Haploid embryos have contributed significantly to our understanding of the role of parental genomes in development and can be applied to important biotechnology for human and animal species. However, development to the blastocyst stage is severely hindered in bovine haploid androgenetic embryos (hAE). To further our understanding of such developmental arrest, we performed a comprehensive comparison of the transcriptomic profile of morula-stage embryos, which were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of transcripts associated with differentiation in haploid and biparental embryos. Among numerous disturbances, results showed that pluripotency pathways, especially the wingless-related integration site (WNT) signaling, were particularly unbalanced in hAE. Moreover, transcript levels of KLF4, NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2, CDX2, CTNNBL1, AXIN2, and GSK3B were noticeably altered in hAE, suggesting disturbance of pluripotency and canonical WNT pathways. To evaluate the role of WNT on hAE competence, we exposed early Day-5 morula stage embryos to the GSK3B inhibitor CHIR99021. Although no alterations were observed in pluripotency and WNT-related transcripts, exposure to CHIR99021 improved their ability to reach the blastocysts stage, confirming the importance of the WNT pathway in the developmental outcome of bovine hAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Aguila
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fértilité (CRRF), Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ricardo P Nociti
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fértilité (CRRF), Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael V Sampaio
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fértilité (CRRF), Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Jacinthe Therrien
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fértilité (CRRF), Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Flavio V Meirelles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N Felmer
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lawrence C Smith
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fértilité (CRRF), Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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2
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Aguila L, Suzuki J, Hill ABT, García M, de Mattos K, Therrien J, Smith LC. Dysregulated Gene Expression of Imprinted and X-Linked Genes: A Link to Poor Development of Bovine Haploid Androgenetic Embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640712. [PMID: 33869192 PMCID: PMC8044962 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian uniparental embryos are efficient models for genome imprinting research and allow studies on the contribution of the paternal and maternal genomes to early embryonic development. In this study, we analyzed different methods for production of bovine haploid androgenetic embryos (hAE) to elucidate the causes behind their poor developmental potential. Results indicate that hAE can be efficiently generated by using intracytoplasmic sperm injection and oocyte enucleation at telophase II. Although androgenetic haploidy does not disturb early development up to around the 8-cell stage, androgenetic development is disturbed after the time of zygote genome activation and hAE that reach the morula stage are less capable to reach the blastocyst stage of development. Karyotypic comparisons to parthenogenetic- and ICSI-derived embryos excluded chromosomal segregation errors as causes of the developmental constraints of hAE. However, analysis of gene expression indicated abnormal levels of transcripts for key long non-coding RNAs involved in X chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting of the KCNQ1 locus, suggesting an association with X chromosome and some imprinted loci. Moreover, transcript levels of methyltransferase 3B were significantly downregulated, suggesting potential anomalies in hAE establishing de novo methylation. Finally, the methylation status of imprinted control regions for XIST and KCNQ1OT1 genes remained hypomethylated in hAE at the morula and blastocyst stages, confirming their origin from spermatozoa. Thus, our results exclude micromanipulation and chromosomal abnormalities as major factors disturbing the normal development of bovine haploid androgenotes. In addition, although the cause of the arrest remains unclear, we have shown that the inefficient development of haploid androgenetic bovine embryos to develop to the blastocyst stage is associated with abnormal expression of key factors involved in X chromosome activity and genomic imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence C. Smith
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Et Fertilité, Université de Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Lackner A, Sehlke R, Garmhausen M, Giuseppe Stirparo G, Huth M, Titz-Teixeira F, van der Lelij P, Ramesmayer J, Thomas HF, Ralser M, Santini L, Galimberti E, Sarov M, Stewart AF, Smith A, Beyer A, Leeb M. Cooperative genetic networks drive embryonic stem cell transition from naïve to formative pluripotency. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105776. [PMID: 33687089 PMCID: PMC8047444 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian embryo, epiblast cells must exit the naïve state and acquire formative pluripotency. This cell state transition is recapitulated by mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which undergo pluripotency progression in defined conditions in vitro. However, our understanding of the molecular cascades and gene networks involved in the exit from naïve pluripotency remains fragmentary. Here, we employed a combination of genetic screens in haploid ESCs, CRISPR/Cas9 gene disruption, large‐scale transcriptomics and computational systems biology to delineate the regulatory circuits governing naïve state exit. Transcriptome profiles for 73 ESC lines deficient for regulators of the exit from naïve pluripotency predominantly manifest delays on the trajectory from naïve to formative epiblast. We find that gene networks operative in ESCs are also active during transition from pre‐ to post‐implantation epiblast in utero. We identified 496 naïve state‐associated genes tightly connected to the in vivo epiblast state transition and largely conserved in primate embryos. Integrated analysis of mutant transcriptomes revealed funnelling of multiple gene activities into discrete regulatory modules. Finally, we delineate how intersections with signalling pathways direct this pivotal mammalian cell state transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lackner
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Sehlke
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marius Garmhausen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giuliano Giuseppe Stirparo
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michelle Huth
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Titz-Teixeira
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra van der Lelij
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Ramesmayer
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henry F Thomas
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meryem Ralser
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Santini
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Galimberti
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mihail Sarov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Francis Stewart
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Leeb
- Max Perutz Laboratories Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
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Yamanishi A, Matsuba A, Kondo R, Akamatsu R, Tanaka S, Tokunaga M, Horie K, Kokubu C, Ishida Y, Takeda J. Collection of homozygous mutant mouse embryonic stem cells arising from autodiploidization during haploid gene trap mutagenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:e63. [PMID: 29554276 PMCID: PMC6007410 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploid mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), in which a single hit mutation is sufficient to produce loss-of-function phenotypes, have provided a powerful tool for forward genetic screening. This strategy, however, can be hampered by undesired autodiploidization of haploid ESCs. To overcome this obstacle, we designed a new methodology that facilitates enrichment of homozygous mutant ESC clones arising from autodiploidization during haploid gene trap mutagenesis. Haploid mouse ESCs were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting to maintain their haploid property and then transfected with the Tol2 transposon-based biallelically polyA-trapping (BPATrap) vector that carries an invertible G418 plus puromycin double selection cassette. G418 plus puromycin double selection enriched biallelic mutant clones that had undergone autodiploidization following a single vector insertion into the haploid genome. Using this method, we successfully generated 222 homozygous mutant ESCs from 2208 clones by excluding heterozygous ESCs and ESCs with multiple vector insertions. This relatively low efficiency of generating homozygous mutant ESCs was partially overcome by cell sorting of haploid ESCs after Tol2 BPATrap transfection. These results demonstrate the feasibility of our approach to provide an efficient platform for mutagenesis of ESCs and functional analysis of the mammalian genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yamanishi
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuba
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kondo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Rie Akamatsu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Tanaka
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tokunaga
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kyoji Horie
- Department of Physiology II, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Chikara Kokubu
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ishida
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Junji Takeda
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Bai M, Han Y, Wu Y, Liao J, Li L, Wang L, Li Q, Xing W, Chen L, Zou W, Li J. Targeted genetic screening in mice through haploid embryonic stem cells identifies critical genes in bone development. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000350. [PMID: 31265461 PMCID: PMC6629148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutagenic screening is powerful for identifying key genes involved in developmental processes. However, such screens are successful only in lower organisms. Here, we develop a targeted genetic screening approach in mice through combining androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells (AG-haESCs) and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) technology. We produced a mutant semi-cloned (SC) mice pool by oocyte injection of AG-haESCs carrying constitutively expressed Cas9 and an single guide RNA (sgRNA) library targeting 72 preselected genes in one step and screened for bone-development-related genes through skeletal analysis at birth. This yielded 4 genes: Zic1 and Clec11a, which are required for bone development, and Rln1 and Irx5, which had not been previously considered. Whereas Rln1-/- mice exhibited small skeletal size only at birth, Irx5-/- mice showed skeletal abnormalities both in postnatal and adult phases due to decreased bone mass and increased bone marrow adipogenesis. Mechanistically, iroquois homeobox 5 (IRX5) promotes osteoblastogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis by suppressing peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation. Thus, AG-haESC-mediated functional mutagenic screening opens new avenues for genetic interrogation of developmental processes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (WZ)
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (WZ)
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Gao Q, Zhang W, Ma L, Li X, Wang H, Li Y, Freimann R, Yu Y, Shuai L, Wutz A. Derivation of Haploid Neural Stem Cell Lines by Selection for a Pax6-GFP Reporter. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 27:479-487. [PMID: 29471728 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploid cells facilitate genetic screening of recessive mutations for a single set of chromosomes. Haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) have been achieved in several species and widely utilized in genetic screens. The fact that haESCs undergo substantial diploidization during differentiation has limited the screening to other haploid cell types. In this study, we report a method to establish haploid neural stem cells (haNSCs) by selection for a Pax6 reporter. We inserted a green fluorescence protein (GFP) marker gene by homologous recombination into the Pax6 locus of an haESC line. GFP-positive haploid cells could be sorted and further cultured in the NSC medium for more than 30 passages. The established haNSCs expressed neural lineage markers and could differentiate into neurons, oligodendroglia, and astrocytes. Our study shows the feasibility of deriving haploid proliferative somatic cell lines using a genetically encoded reporter that suggest a system for genetic screening of neural and retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China .,2 Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Haisong Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Yanni Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Remo Freimann
- 3 Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yang Yu
- 2 Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Anton Wutz
- 3 Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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Qu C, Yan M, Yang S, Wang L, Yin Q, Liu Y, Chen Y, Li J. Haploid embryonic stem cells can be enriched and maintained by simple filtration. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5230-5235. [PMID: 29449377 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) serve as a powerful tool for genetic analyses at both the cellular and organismal levels. However, spontaneous diploidization of haESCs limits their use in these analyses. Addition of small molecules to the culture medium to control the cell cycle can slow down diploidization, but cell-sorting methods such as FACS are still required to enrich haploid cells for long-term maintenance in vitro Here, acting on our observation that haploid and diploidized cells differ in diameter, we developed a simplified filtration method to enrich haploid cells from cultured haESCs. We found that regular cell filtration with this system reliably maintained the haploidy of mouse haESCs for over 30 passages. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout and knockin were successfully achieved in the filtered cells, leading to stable haploid cell lines carrying the desired gene modifications. Of note, by injecting haESCs into metaphase II oocytes, we efficiently obtained live mice with the expected genetic traits, indicating that regular filtration maintained the functional integrity of haESCs. Moreover, this filtration system was also feasible for derivation of mouse haESCs from parthenogenetic haploid blastocysts and for human haESC maintenance. In conclusion, we have identified a reliable, efficient, and easy-to-handle technique for countering diploidization of haploid cells, a major obstacle in haESC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Meng Yan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Suming Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Lingbo Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Qi Yin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Yuan Liu
- the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yeguang Chen
- the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
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Zhong C, Yin Q, Xie Z, Bai M, Dong R, Tang W, Xing YH, Zhang H, Yang S, Chen LL, Bartolomei MS, Ferguson-Smith A, Li D, Yang L, Wu Y, Li J. CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Genetic Screening in Mice with Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells Carrying a Guide RNA Library. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17:221-32. [PMID: 26165924 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mouse androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells (AG-haESCs) can support full-term development of semi-cloned (SC) embryos upon injection into MII oocytes and thus have potential applications in genetic modifications. However, the very low birth rate of SC pups limits practical use of this approach. Here, we show that AG-haESCs carrying deletions in the DMRs (differentially DNA methylated regions) controlling two paternally repressed imprinted genes, H19 and Gtl2, can efficiently support the generation of SC pups. Genetic manipulation of these DKO-AG-haESCs in vitro using CRISPR-Cas9 can produce SC mice carrying multiple modifications with high efficiency. Moreover, transfection of DKO-AG-haESCs with a constitutively expressed sgRNA library and Cas9 allows functional mutagenic screening. DKO-AG-haESCs are therefore an effective tool for the introduction of organism-wide mutations in mice in a single generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqing Zhong
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Yin
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenfei Xie
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meizhu Bai
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rui Dong
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Animal Core Facility, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Hang Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Suming Yang
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Dangsheng Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Jinsong Li
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Tokunaga M, Kokubu C, Maeda Y, Sese J, Horie K, Sugimoto N, Kinoshita T, Yusa K, Takeda J. Simulation and estimation of gene number in a biological pathway using almost complete saturation mutagenesis screening of haploid mouse cells. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1016. [PMID: 25418962 PMCID: PMC4301880 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide saturation mutagenesis and subsequent phenotype-driven screening has been central to a comprehensive understanding of complex biological processes in classical model organisms such as flies, nematodes, and plants. The degree of “saturation” (i.e., the fraction of possible target genes identified) has been shown to be a critical parameter in determining all relevant genes involved in a biological function, without prior knowledge of their products. In mammalian model systems, however, the relatively large scale and labor intensity of experiments have hampered the achievement of actual saturation mutagenesis, especially for recessive traits that require biallelic mutations to manifest detectable phenotypes. Results By exploiting the recently established haploid mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we present an implementation of almost complete saturation mutagenesis in a mammalian system. The haploid ESCs were mutagenized with the chemical mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and processed for the screening of mutants defective in various steps of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthetic pathway. The resulting 114 independent mutant clones were characterized by a functional complementation assay, and were shown to be defective in any of 20 genes among all 22 known genes essential for this well-characterized pathway. Ten mutants were further validated by whole-exome sequencing. The predominant generation of single-nucleotide substitutions by ENU resulted in a gene mutation rate proportional to the length of the coding sequence, which facilitated the experimental design of saturation mutagenesis screening with the aid of computational simulation. Conclusions Our study enables mammalian saturation mutagenesis to become a realistic proposition. Computational simulation, combined with a pilot mutagenesis experiment, could serve as a tool for the estimation of the number of genes essential for biological processes such as drug target pathways when a positive selection of mutants is available. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1016) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kosuke Yusa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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10
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Khaled WT, Liu P. Cancer mouse models: past, present and future. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 27:54-60. [PMID: 24718321 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development and advances in gene targeting technology over the past three decades has facilitated the generation of cancer mouse models that recapitulate features of human malignancies. These models have been and still remain instrumental in revealing the complexities of human cancer biology. However, they will need to evolve in the post-genomic era of cancer research. In this review we will highlight some of the key developments over the past decades and will discuss the new possibilities of cancer mouse models in the light of emerging powerful gene manipulating tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid T Khaled
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.
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