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Zhao X, Kong W, Zhou C, Deng B, Zhang H, Guo H, Chen S, Pan Z. Bioinformatics-based analysis of the roles of sex hormone receptors in endometriosis development. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:415-428. [PMID: 36860677 PMCID: PMC9969500 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.79516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a hormone-dependent disease in women of reproductive age and seriously affects women's health. To analyze the involvement of sex hormone receptors in endometriosis development, we performed bioinformatics analysis using four datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which may help us understand the mechanisms by which the sex hormones act in vivo in endometriosis patients. The enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that there are different key genes and pathways involved in eutopic endometrium aberrations of endometriosis patients and endometriotic lesions, and sex hormone receptors, including androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PGR) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), may play important roles in endometriosis development. Androgen receptor (AR), as the hub gene of endometrial aberrations in endometriotic patients, showed positive expression in the main cell types for endometriosis development, and its decreased expression in the endometrium of endometriotic patients was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The nomogram model established based on it displayed good predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Boer Deng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuning Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Pan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
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Chen Y, Zhao M, Zhang L, Shen D, Xu X, Yi Q, Tang L. SNF5, a core subunit of SWI/SNF complex, regulates melanoma cancer cell growth, metastasis, and immune escape in response to matrix stiffness. Transl Oncol 2022; 17:101335. [PMID: 34999540 PMCID: PMC8749166 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased stiffness of the extracellular matrix is an important hallmark of melanoma development and progression, but its regulatory role and related mechanisms remain unclear. We adapted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-micropillar-based matrix platform and investigated the effect of matrix stiffness on the proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and immune escape of melanoma cells. We observed a stiff matrix enhanced cell proliferation, EMT, and immune escape of A375 cells. Furthermore, the expression of SNF5 on the stiffer matrix was higher than that on the softer matrix. Next, we investigated whether SNF5 is an important transducer in response to matrix stiffness. Our results revealed that knockdown of SNF5 significantly decreased stiff matrix-induced activation of cell proliferation, EMT and immune escape. Meanwhile, the overexpression of SNF5 showed its ability to increase cell proliferation, invasion and immune escape by activating the STAT-3 pathway in vitro. Furthermore, SNF5 deficiency elevated the level of tumor-infiltrating CD8+T cells and decreased the number of PD-L1 positive cells in vivo. Together, our findings suggested that stiffer substrate enhanced melanoma development by upregulating SNF5 expression, and SNF5 is a key mediator of stiffer matrix-induced immune evasion of melanoma cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministlry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Meilian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministlry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministlry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dongliang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministlry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xichao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministlry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministlry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Differential requirements for different subfamilies of the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes in myoblast cell cycle progression and expression of the Pax7 regulator. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194801. [PMID: 35217218 PMCID: PMC8948540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (mSWI/SNF) families of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes are established co-regulators of gene expression. mSWI/SNF complexes can be assembled into three major subfamilies: BAF (BRG1 or BRM-Associated Factor), PBAF (Polybromo containing BAF), or ncBAF (non-canonical BAF) that are distinguished by the presence of mutually exclusive subunits. The mechanisms by which each subfamily contributes to the establishment or function of specific cell lineages are poorly understood. Here, we determined the contributions of the BAF, ncBAF, and PBAF complexes to myoblast proliferation via knock down (KD) of distinguishing subunits from each complex. KD of subunits unique to the BAF or the ncBAF complexes reduced myoblast proliferation rate, while KD of PBAF-specific subunits did not affect proliferation. RNA-seq from proliferating KD myoblasts targeting Baf250A (BAF complex), Brd9 (ncBAF complex), or Baf180 (PBAF complex) showed mis-regulation of a limited number of genes. KD of Baf250A specifically reduced the expression of Pax7, which is required for myoblast proliferation, concomitant with decreased binding of Baf250A to and impaired chromatin remodeling at the Pax7 gene promoter. Although Brd9 also bound to the Pax7 promoter, suggesting occupancy by the ncBAF complex, no changes were detected in Pax7 gene expression, Pax7 protein expression or chromatin remodeling at the Pax7 promoter upon Brd9 KD. The data indicate that the BAF subfamily of the mSWI/SNF enzymes is specifically required for myoblast proliferation via regulation of Pax7 expression.
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Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumours Are Susceptible to Panobinostat-Mediated Differentiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205145. [PMID: 34680294 PMCID: PMC8534272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour (ATRT) is an aggressive undifferentiated malignancy of the central nervous system in children. A defining feature of ATRT is the loss of the SMARCB1 gene that is essential for regulating gene expression required for normal developmental processes. We show that treatment of human ATRT cell models with the histone deacetylate inhibitor, panobinostat, inhibits tumour growth, reactivates the expression of developmental genes, and drives neuronal differentiation. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of panobinostat for the treatment of ATRT. Abstract Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour (ATRT) is a rare but highly aggressive undifferentiated solid tumour arising in the central nervous system and predominantly affecting infants and young children. ATRT is exclusively characterized by the inactivation of SMARCB1, a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex that is essential for the regulation of large sets of genes required for normal development and differentiation. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a promising anticancer therapy and are able to mimic the normal acetylation functions of SMARCB1 in SMARCB1-deficient cells and drive multilineage differentiation in extracranial rhabdoid tumours. However, the potential efficacy of HDACi in ATRT is unknown. Here, we show that human ATRT cells are highly responsive to the HDACi panobinostat and that sustained treatment leads to growth arrest, increased cell senescence, decreased clonogenicity and induction of a neurogenesis gene-expression profile. Furthermore, in an orthotopic ATRT xenograft model, continuous panobinostat treatment inhibits tumour growth, increases survival and drives neuronal differentiation as shown by the expression of the neuronal marker, TUJ1. Collectively, this preclinical study supports the therapeutic potential of panobinostat-mediated differentiation therapy for ATRT.
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