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Sun M, Abdelwahab MF, Zhang J, Samy MN, Mohamed NM, Abdel-Rahman IM, Alsenani F, Abdelmohsen UR, Mahmoud BK. Cytotoxic metabolites from Sinularia levi supported by network pharmacology. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294311. [PMID: 38319945 PMCID: PMC10846738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The in-vitro anti-proliferative evaluation of Sinularia levi total extract against three cell lines revealed its potent effect against Caco-2 cell line with IC50 3.3 μg/mL, followed by MCF-7 and HepG-2 with IC50 6.4 μg/mL and 8.5 μg/mL, respectively, in comparison to doxorubicin. Metabolic profiling of S. levi total extract using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI-MS) revealed the presence of phytoconstituents clusters consisting mainly of steroids and terpenoids (1-20), together with five metabolites 21-25, which were additionally isolated and identified through the phytochemical investigation of S. levi total extract through various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The isolated metabolites included one sesquiterpene, two steroids and two diterpenes, among which compounds prostantherol (21) and 12-hydroperoxylsarcoph-10-ene (25) were reported for the first time in Sinularia genus. The cytotoxic potential evaluation of the isolated compounds revealed variable cytotoxic effects against the three tested cell lines. Compound 25 was the most potent with IC50 value of 2.13 ± 0.09, 3.54 ± 0.07 and 5.67 ± 0.08 μg/mL against HepG-2, MCF-7 and Caco-2, respectively, followed by gorgosterol (23) and sarcophine (24). Additionally, network analysis showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was encountered in the mechanism of action of the three cancer types. Molecular docking analysis revealed that CDK1 inhibition could possibly be the reason for the cytotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miada F. Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mamdouh Nabil Samy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nada M. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam M. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New-Minia, Minia, Egypt
| | - Faisal Alsenani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Egypt
| | - Basma Khalaf Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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2
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Wu ZW, Wang ZX, Guo YQ, Tang SA, Feng DQ. Antifouling activity of terpenoids from the corals Sinularia flexibilis and Muricella sp. against the bryozoan Bugula neritina. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:85-94. [PMID: 35243946 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2046562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine natural products are promising sources of green antifoulants. Here, a new compound (1) was isolated from the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. This compound, another nine cembranoids (2-10) from S. flexibilis, and three eunicellin-type diterpenoids (11-13) from the gorgonian Muricella sp. were tested for antifouling activity against larval settlement of the bryozoan Bugula neritina. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 9, 12, and 13 exhibited significant antifouling activity, with EC50 values of 18.2, 99.7, 67.9, 35.6, 33.9, and 49.3 μM, respectively. Analysis of the structure-activity relationships suggested that the hydroxy group at C-13 in compound 4 reduced its antifouling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Wu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhi-Xuan Wang
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sheng-An Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dan-Qing Feng
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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3
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Chemical Review of Gorgostane-Type Steroids Isolated from Marine Organisms and Their 13C-NMR Spectroscopic Data Characteristics. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020139. [PMID: 35200668 PMCID: PMC8878145 DOI: 10.3390/md20020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gorgostane steroids are isolated from marine organisms and consist of 30 carbon atoms with a characteristic cyclopropane moiety. From the pioneering results to the end of 2021, isolation, biosynthesis, and structural elucidation using 13C-NMR will be used. Overall, 75 compounds are categorized into five major groups: gorgost-5-ene, 5,6-epoxygorgostane, 5,6-dihydroxygorgostane, 9,11-secogorgostane, and 23-demethylgorgostane, in addition to miscellaneous gorgostane. The structural diversity, selectivity for marine organisms, and biological effects of gorgostane steroids have generated considerable interest in the field of drug discovery research.
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4
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Ji Y, Zhou Q, Liu G, Zhu T, Wang Y, Fu Y, Li Y, Li R, Zhang X, Dong M, Sauriol F, Gu Y, Shi Q, Lu X, Ni Z. New protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors from fungus Aspergillus gorakhpurensis F07ZB1707. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10144-10153. [PMID: 35423499 PMCID: PMC8695591 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00788b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve new compounds, aspergorakhins A-L (1-12) coupled with one known xanthone leptosphaerin D (13), were isolated from the extract of soil-derived fungus Aspergillus gorakhpurensis F07ZB1707. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis including UV, IR, NMR, and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations of 5 and 8-11 were identified using ECD and OR calculations. All compounds were tested by enzyme inhibitory activity assay in vitro. Aspergorakhin A (1) showed selective activities against PTP1B and SHP1 over TCPTP with IC50 values 0.57, 1.19, and 22.97 μM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited modest cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines A549, HeLa, Bel-7402, and SMMC-7721 with IC50 values in the range of 6.75-83.4 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Qiqi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Yufang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Yan Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Yeying Li
- New Drug Research & Development Center of North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City Shijiazhuang 050015 China
| | - Ruolan Li
- New Drug Research & Development Center of North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City Shijiazhuang 050015 China
| | - Xuexia Zhang
- New Drug Research & Development Center of North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City Shijiazhuang 050015 China
| | - Mei Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | | | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Qingwen Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 China
| | - Xinhua Lu
- New Drug Research & Development Center of North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering & Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering & Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City Shijiazhuang 050015 China
| | - Zhiyu Ni
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University Baoding 071000 China
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5
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Yu JH, Yu SJ, Liu KL, Wang C, Liu C, Sun JY, Zhang H. Cytotoxic ergostane-type steroids from Ganoderma lingzhi. Steroids 2021; 165:108767. [PMID: 33212127 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two new ergostane-type steroids (1 and 2) have been isolated from the fruiting body of a medicinal macro fungus Ganoderma lingzhi. The structures including the absolute configurations of them were elucidated by a combination of different spectroscopic analyses especially 13C NMR and ECD calculations. Compound 2 features an unusual 1,2-dioxolane moiety. Our bioassays revealed that the two steroids showed remarkable cytotoxicity against human A549 (lung) and MCF-7 (breast) tumor cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 5.15 to 8.57 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hai Yu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Shu-Juan Yu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Kai-Lu Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jin-Yue Sun
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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6
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Bioactive Steroids from the Red Sea Soft Coral Sinularia polydactyla. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120632. [PMID: 33322046 PMCID: PMC7763444 DOI: 10.3390/md18120632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Six new (1, 2, 6, 8, 13, and 20) and twenty previously isolated (3-5, 7, 9-12, 14-19, and 21-26) steroids featuring thirteen different carbocycle motifs were isolated from the organic extract of the soft coral Sinularia polydactyla collected from the Hurghada reef in the Red Sea. The structures and the relative configurations of the isolated natural products have been determined based on extensive analysis of their NMR and MS data. The cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and neuroprotective activity of compounds 3-7, 9-12, 14-20, and 22-26, as well as their effect on androgen receptor-regulated transcription was evaluated in vitro in human tumor and non-cancerous cells. Steroids 22 and 23 showed significant cytotoxicity in the low micromolar range against the HeLa and MCF7 cancer cell lines, while migration of endothelial cells was inhibited by compounds 11, 12, 22, and 23 at 20 µM. The results of the androgen receptor (AR) reporter assay showed that compound 11 exhibited the strongest inhibition of AR at 10 µM, while it is noteworthy that steroids 10, 16, and 20 displayed increased inhibition of AR with decreasing concentrations. Additionally, compounds 11 and 23 showed neuroprotective activity on neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells.
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7
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Ermolenko EV, Imbs AB, Gloriozova TA, Poroikov VV, Sikorskaya TV, Dembitsky VM. Chemical Diversity of Soft Coral Steroids and Their Pharmacological Activities. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E613. [PMID: 33276570 PMCID: PMC7761492 DOI: 10.3390/md18120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to the chemical diversity of steroids produced by soft corals and their determined and potential activities. There are about 200 steroids that belong to different types of steroids such as secosteroids, spirosteroids, epoxy- and peroxy-steroids, steroid glycosides, halogenated steroids, polyoxygenated steroids and steroids containing sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms. Of greatest interest is the pharmacological activity of these steroids. More than 40 steroids exhibit antitumor and related activity with a confidence level of over 90 percent. A group of 32 steroids shows anti-hypercholesterolemic activity with over 90 percent confidence. Ten steroids exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and 20 steroids can be classified as respiratory analeptic drugs. Several steroids exhibit rather rare and very specific activities. Steroids exhibit anti-osteoporotic properties and can be used to treat osteoporosis, as well as have strong anti-eczemic and anti-psoriatic properties and antispasmodic properties. Thus, this review is probably the first and exclusive to present the known as well as the potential pharmacological activities of 200 marine steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Ermolenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Andrey B. Imbs
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Tatyana V. Sikorskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Valery M. Dembitsky
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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8
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Yang M, Liang LF, Li H, Tang W, Guo YW. A new 5α,8α-epidioxysterol with immunosuppressive activity from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia sp. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:1814-1819. [PMID: 30691285 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1561683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new 5α,8α-epidioxysterol, namely yalongsterol A (1), along with two known related steroids 5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,24(28)-dien-3β-ol (2) and (22E,24S)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (3), were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia sp. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparisons of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. In bioassay, compounds 1-3 showed moderate immunosuppressive activities against T and/or B lymphocyte cells with IC50 values ranging from 19.30 to 59.49 μM, and low cytotoxicity on murine splenocytes with CC50 values ranging from 40.88 to 62.29 μM.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin-Fu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, China
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9
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García-Portela M, Reguera B, Sibat M, Altenburger A, Rodríguez F, Hess P. Metabolomic Profiles of Dinophysis acuminata and Dinophysis acuta Using Non-Targeted High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Effect of Nutritional Status and Prey. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E143. [PMID: 29701702 PMCID: PMC5982093 DOI: 10.3390/md16050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic species of the genus Dinophysis are obligate mixotrophs with temporary plastids (kleptoplastids) that are acquired from the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum, which feeds on cryptophytes of the Teleaulax-Plagioselmis-Geminigera clade. A metabolomic study of the three-species food chain Dinophysis-Mesodinium-Teleaulax was carried out using mass spectrometric analysis of extracts of batch-cultured cells of each level of that food chain. The main goal was to compare the metabolomic expression of Galician strains of Dinophysis acuminata and D. acuta that were subjected to different feeding regimes (well-fed and prey-limited) and feeding on two Mesodinium (Spanish and Danish) strains. Both Dinophysis species were able to grow while feeding on both Mesodinium strains, although differences in growth rates were observed. Toxin and metabolomic profiles of the two Dinophysis species were significantly different, and also varied between different feeding regimes and different prey organisms. Furthermore, significantly different metabolomes were expressed by a strain of D. acuminata that was feeding on different strains of the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. Both species-specific metabolites and those common to D. acuminata and D. acuta were tentatively identified by screening of METLIN and Marine Natural Products Dictionary databases. This first metabolomic study applied to Dinophysis acuminata and D.acuta in culture establishes a basis for the chemical inventory of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Reguera
- IEO, Oceanographic Centre of Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo 36390, Spain.
| | - Manoella Sibat
- IFREMER, Phycotoxins Laboratory, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France.
| | - Andreas Altenburger
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- IEO, Oceanographic Centre of Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo 36390, Spain.
| | - Philipp Hess
- IFREMER, Phycotoxins Laboratory, rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes, France.
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10
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Rahelivao MP, Lübken T, Gruner M, Kataeva O, Ralambondrahety R, Andriamanantoanina H, Checinski MP, Bauer I, Knölker HJ. Isolation and structure elucidation of natural products of three soft corals and a sponge from the coast of Madagascar. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:2593-2608. [PMID: 28267183 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the three soft corals Sarcophyton stellatum, Capnella fungiformis and Lobophytum crassum and the sponge Pseudoceratina arabica, which have been collected at the coast of Madagascar. In addition to previously known marine natural products, S. stellatum provided the new (+)-enantiomer of the cembranoid (1E,3E,11E)-7,8-epoxycembra-1,3,11,15-tetraene (2). Capnella fungiformis afforded three new natural products, ethyl 5-[(1E,5Z)-2,6-dimethylocta-1,5,7-trienyl]furan-3-carboxylate (6), ethyl 5-[(1E,5E)-2,6-dimethylocta-1,5,7-trienyl]furan-3-carboxylate (7) and the diepoxyguaiane sesquiterpene oxyfungiformin (9a). The extracts of all three soft corals exhibited moderate activities against the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Extracts of the sponge Pseudoceratina arabica proved to be very active against a series of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tilo Lübken
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Margit Gruner
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Olga Kataeva
- A. M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Ingmar Bauer
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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11
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Klyflaccisteroids K-M, bioactive steroidal derivatives from a soft coral Klyxum flaccidum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1220-1224. [PMID: 28159416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New steroids, klyflaccisteroids K-M (1-3), were isolated from a soft coral Klyxum flaccidum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Klyflaccisteroid K (1) is the unique 9,11-secosteroid with a 5,8-epidioxy-9-ene functional group. Klyflaccisteroid L (2) has an unusual 11-norsteroid skeleton and is the first example of 11-oxasteroid isolated from natural sources. Cytotoxicity assay showed that 1 and 3 possessed moderate to weak cytotoxicity against these cancer cells. Compound 1 was also found to display significant anti-inflammatory activity of suppressing superoxide anion generation (O2-) and elastase release, and compound 3 was found to show notable anti-inflammatory activity toward inhibition of elasstase release, too.
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12
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Deghrigue M, Festa C, Ghribi L, D'Auria MV, De Marino S, Ben Jannet H, Bouraoui A. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with gastroprotective effect of semi-purified fractions and isolation of pure compounds from Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:606-11. [PMID: 26321512 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore anti-inflammatory activities of organic extract and its semi-purified fractions (ethanol, acetone, methanol/dichloromethane) from the Mediterranean gorgonian Eunicella singularis. METHODS The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated, using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and the acetic acid writhing test in mice. The gastroprotective activity was determined using HCl/EtOH induced gastric ulcers in rats. The purification and structure elucidation of compound(s) from the more effective fraction were determined by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods and in comparison with data reported in the literature. RESULTS The fraction F-EtOH showed an important anti-inflammatory activity associated with significant analgesic and gastroprotective properties. The purification and structure elucidation of compound(s) from this fraction lead to the identification of one diterpenoid and four sterols. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that components from the active fraction can be used to treat various anti-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Deghrigue
- Laboratoire de développement chimique, galénique et pharmacologique des médicaments (LR12ES09). Equipe de Pharmacologie marine, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, I- 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lotfi Ghribi
- Laboratoire de chimie hétérocyclique, produits naturels et réactivité. Equipe de chimie médicinale et produits naturels (LR11ES39), Faculté des sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maria Valeria D'Auria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, I- 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona De Marino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, I- 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratoire de chimie hétérocyclique, produits naturels et réactivité. Equipe de chimie médicinale et produits naturels (LR11ES39), Faculté des sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abderrahman Bouraoui
- Laboratoire de développement chimique, galénique et pharmacologique des médicaments (LR12ES09). Equipe de Pharmacologie marine, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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13
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Abstract
This review summarizes new findings concerning the sources and characteristics of various natural products that can be extracted from mangrove-associated microbes over the past three years (January 2011–December 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources
- Ministry of Education
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Hainan University
- Haikou 570228
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14
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He Q, Sun R, Liu H, Geng Z, Chen D, Li Y, Han J, Lin W, Du S, Deng Z. NMR-based metabolomic analysis of spatial variation in soft corals. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1876-90. [PMID: 24686560 PMCID: PMC4012446 DOI: 10.3390/md12041876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft corals are common marine organisms that inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans. They are shown to be rich source of secondary metabolites with biological activities. In this work, soft corals from two geographical locations were investigated using ¹H-NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis at the metabolic level. A partial least-squares discriminant analysis showed clear separation among extracts of soft corals grown in Sanya Bay and Weizhou Island. The specific markers that contributed to discrimination between soft corals in two origins belonged to terpenes, sterols and N-containing compounds. The satisfied precision of classification obtained indicates this approach using combined ¹H-NMR and chemometrics is effective to discriminate soft corals collected in different geographical locations. The results revealed that metabolites of soft corals evidently depended on living environmental condition, which would provide valuable information for further relevant coastal marine environment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Beijing Forensic Science Institute, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhufeng Geng
- Analytic and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dawei Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
| | - Yinping Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jiao Han
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shushan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Analytic and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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15
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Ashour A, Amer M, Marzouk A, Shimizu K, Kondo R, El-Sharkawy S. Corncobs as a potential source of functional chemicals. Molecules 2013; 18:13823-30. [PMID: 24217325 PMCID: PMC6269913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181113823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical examination of corncob extracts led to the isolation of a new lignan identified as 7,7'-dihydroxy-3'-O-demethyl-4-methoxymatairesinol, together with seven known compounds, identified as β-sitosterol, β-sitosteryl-β-d-glucoside, 6β-hydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one, 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol, tricin, kaempferol and p-coumaric acid. The isolated compounds were identified by one and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ashour
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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16
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Liu DZ, Liu JK. Peroxy natural products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2013; 3:161-206. [PMCID: PMC4131620 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-013-0042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the structures and biological activities of peroxy natural products from a wide variety of terrestrial fungi, higher plants, and marine organisms. Syntheses that confirm or revise structures or stereochemistries have also been included, and 406 references are cited. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ze Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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17
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Liu D, Li XM, Li CS, Wang BG. Nigerasterols A and B, Antiproliferative Sterols from the Mangrove-Derived Endophytic FungusAspergillus nigerMA-132. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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When aspergillosis hits the fan: Disease transmission and fungal biomass in diseased versus healthy sea fans (Gorgonia ventalina). FUNGAL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Trends in the discovery of new marine natural products from invertebrates over the last two decades--where and what are we bioprospecting? PLoS One 2012; 7:e30580. [PMID: 22276216 PMCID: PMC3262841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is acknowledged that marine invertebrates produce bioactive natural products that may be useful for developing new drugs. By exploring untapped geographical sources and/or novel groups of organisms one can maximize the search for new marine drugs to treat human diseases. The goal of this paper is to analyse the trends associated with the discovery of new marine natural products from invertebrates (NMNPI) over the last two decades. The analysis considers different taxonomical levels and geographical approaches of bioprospected species. Additionally, this research is also directed to provide new insights into less bioprospected taxa and world regions. In order to gather the information available on NMNPI, the yearly-published reviews of Marine Natural Products covering 1990-2009 were surveyed. Information on source organisms, specifically taxonomical information and collection sites, was assembled together with additional geographical information collected from the articles originally describing the new natural product. Almost 10000 NMNPI were discovered since 1990, with a pronounced increase between decades. Porifera and Cnidaria were the two dominant sources of NMNPI worldwide. The exception was polar regions where Echinodermata dominated. The majority of species that yielded the new natural products belong to only one class of each Porifera and Cnidaria phyla (Demospongiae and Anthozoa, respectively). Increased bioprospecting efforts were observed in the Pacific Ocean, particularly in Asian countries that are associated with the Japan Biodiversity Hotspot and the Kuroshio Current. Although results show comparably less NMNPI from polar regions, the number of new natural products per species is similar to that recorded for other regions. The present study provides information to future bioprospecting efforts addressing previously unexplored taxonomic groups and/or regions. We also highlight how marine invertebrates, which in some cases have no commercial value, may become highly valuable in the ongoing search for new drugs from the sea.
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20
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21
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Su JH, Lin YF, Lu Y, Yeh HC, Wang WH, Fan TY, Sheu JH. Oxygenated cembranoids from the cultured and wild-type soft corals Sinularia flexibilis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 57:1189-92. [PMID: 19881265 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new cembranoids, flexibilisolide A (1) and flexibilisin A (2), along with one known combranoid 5 have been isolated from the cultured soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. Furthermore, two new cembranoids, flexibilisolide B (3) and flexibilisin B (4), along with two known combranoids (5, 6), have been isolated from the wild-type soft coral S. flexibilis. The structures of the new metabolites were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of NMR data with those of known compounds. The metabolites 5 and 6 have been shown to exhibit weak cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hsin Su
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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22
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Putz A, König GM, Wägele H. Defensive strategies of Cladobranchia (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia). Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1386-402. [DOI: 10.1039/b923849m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Arepalli SK, Sridhar V, Venkateswara Rao J, Kavin Kennady P, Venkateswarlu Y. Furano-sesquiterpene from soft coral, Sinularia kavarittiensis: induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent pathway in THP-1, leukemia cell line. Apoptosis 2009; 14:729-40. [PMID: 19283488 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay directed fractionation and purification led to the successful isolation of a furano sesquiterpene, Methyl 5-[(1E,5E)-2,6-Dimethyl octa-1,5,7-trienyl] furan-3-carboxylate (MDTFC), a bioactive component from a soft coral, Sinularia kavarittiensis. Its structure was determined by analyzing (1)H, (13)C NMR and FAB-MS. The results show that MDTFC could efficiently and selectively inhibit the proliferation of several human cancer cell lines. Among all the cell lines, THP-1 was found to be most sensitive (IC(50) 29.59 microM), whereas the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were least effected (IC(50) 464.16 microM). The molecular mechanism of MDTFC mediated apoptosis was investigated for the first time. Induction of apoptosis in THP-1 cells was characterized by cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and decrease in level of pro-caspases 3, 9 and increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Our results were further strengthened through cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (Psim) and cytosolic release of cytochrome c, which are key events during apoptosis. Moreover, phosphatidyl serine exposure and appearance of sub-G1 peak also demonstrated cell death, when analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation was prevented moderately when pretreated with caspase-9 inhibitor (Z-LEHD-FMK) and largely with caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK). In summary, MDTFC mediated apoptosis involves mitochondria-dependent pathway and the present compound of marine origin might have a therapeutic value against human cancer cell lines and especially on leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Arepalli
- Toxicology Unit, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 607, India
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24
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Sarma NS, Krishna MS, Pasha SG, Rao TSP, Venkateswarlu Y, Parameswaran PS. Marine Metabolites: The Sterols of Soft Coral. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2803-28. [PMID: 19435309 DOI: 10.1021/cr800503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nittala S. Sarma
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Moturi S. Krishna
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Sk. Gouse Pasha
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Thota S. Prakasa Rao
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Y. Venkateswarlu
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - P. S. Parameswaran
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
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25
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Krzyczkowski W, Malinowska E, Suchocki P, Kleps J, Olejnik M, Herold F. Isolation and quantitative determination of ergosterol peroxide in various edible mushroom species. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Blunt JW, Copp BR, Hu WP, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:170-244. [PMID: 19177222 DOI: 10.1039/b805113p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2007 for marine natural products, with 948 citations(627 for the period January to December 2007) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, cnidarians,bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms and true mangrove plants. The emphasis is on new compounds (961 for 2007), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.1 Introduction, 2 Reviews, 3 Marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, 4 Green algae, 5 Brown algae, 6 Red algae, 7 Sponges, 8 Cnidarians, 9 Bryozoans, 10 Molluscs, 11 Tunicates (ascidians),12 Echinoderms, 13 Miscellaneous, 14 Conclusion, 15 References.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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27
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Cell cultures from the symbiotic soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2008; 44:330-8. [PMID: 18661193 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-008-9128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The symbiotic octocoral Sinularia flexibilis is a producer of potential pharmaceuticals. Sustainable mass production of these corals as a source of such compounds demands innovative approaches, including coral cell culture. We studied various cell dissociation methodologies and the feasibility of cultivation of S. flexibilis cells on different media and cell dissociation methodologies. Mechanical dissociation of coral tissue always yielded the highest number of cells and allowed subsequent cellular growth in all treatments. The best results from chemical dissociation reagents were found with trypsin-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid. Coral cells obtained from spontaneous dissociation did not grow. Light intensity was found to be important for coral cell culture showing an enduring symbiosis between the cultured cells and their intracellular algae. The Grace's insect medium and Grace's modified insect medium were found to be superior substrates. To confirm the similarity of the cultured cells and those in the coral tissue, a molecular test with Internal Transcribed Spacer primers was performed. Thereby, the presence of similar cells of both the coral cells and zooxanthella in different culture media was confirmed.
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28
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Blunt JW, Copp BR, Hu WP, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:35-94. [PMID: 18250897 DOI: 10.1039/b701534h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2006 for marine natural products, with 758 citations (534 for the period January to December 2006) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, cnidaria, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (779 for 2006), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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29
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Wang F, Fang Y, Zhang M, Lin A, Zhu T, Gu Q, Zhu W. Six new ergosterols from the marine-derived fungus Rhizopus sp. Steroids 2008; 73:19-26. [PMID: 17900642 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Six new ergosterols, including 3beta-hydroxyl-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-5,8,22-trien-7,15-dione (1), 3beta-hydroxyl-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-5,8,14,22-tetraen-7-one (2), 3beta,15beta-dihydroxyl-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-5,8(14),22-trien-7-one (3), 3beta,15alpha-dihydroxyl-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-5,8(14),22-trien-7-one (4), 3beta-hydroxyl-(22E, 24R)-ergosta-5,8(14),22-trien-7,15-dione (5), and 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxy-23,24(R)-dimethylcholesta-6,9(11),22-trien-3beta-ol (6), have been isolated from the marine-derived fungus Rhizopus sp., along with four known ones (7-10). The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities on P388, A549, HL-60, and BEL-7420 cell lines by the MTT and SRB methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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