1
|
Landram MJ, Koch AJ, Mayhew JL. Salivary stress hormone response and performance in full competition after linear or undulating periodization training in elite powerlifters. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 60:152-159. [PMID: 31663314 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purposes of this study were to determine differences in training loads and stress hormones among national level powerlifting competitors and the effect on performance. METHODS Thirteen experienced male powerlifters provided detailed training logs during the 8 weeks prior to a national competition. Participants were divided into linear (LP, N.=6) and undulating periodization (UP, N.=7) training groups. Following weigh-ins and after successfully completing the competition, participants provided saliva samples. RESULTS LP resulted in lower levels of salivary cortisol (sC) (LP 4.27±0.71 nmols/L; UP 5.53±0.78 nmols/L) and higher testosterone-to-cortisol ratio (T:C) (LP 8.03±0.84 nmols/L; UP 5.23±1.41 nmols/L) compared to UP prior to competition. Following competition, both LP and UP groups had significant increases in salivary testosterone (sT) (LP 383.70±34.96 nmols/L; UP 376.62±38.17 nmols/L) and sC (LP 17.67±1.39 nmols/L; UP 18.17±1.46 nmols/L) and significant reductions in T:C (LP 8.03±0.80 to 6.67±0.83; UP 5.23±1.41 to 4.95±1.00). Finally, the UP group had a significantly higher Wilks coefficient following the competition compared to the LP group (LP 440.7±31.83 vs. UP 480.29±24.13). CONCLUSIONS It appears that the higher volume loads undertaken by UP have a larger perturbation on resting stress hormones; however, this does not seem to negatively influence powerlifting performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Landram
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA -
| | - Alexander J Koch
- Health and Exercise Sciences Program, Lenoir-Rhyne University, Hickory, NC, USA
| | - Jerry L Mayhew
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coker NA, Varanoske AN, Baker KM, Hahs-Vaughn DL, Wells AJ. Predictors of competitive success of national-level powerlifters: a multilevel analysis. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2018.1519751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Coker
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Alyssa N. Varanoske
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kayla M. Baker
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Debbie L. Hahs-Vaughn
- Department of Learning Sciences and Educational Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Adam J. Wells
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Johnston MJ, Cook CJ, Drake D, Costley L, Johnston JP, Kilduff LP. The Neuromuscular, Biochemical, and Endocrine Responses to a Single-Session Vs. Double-Session Training Day in Elite Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:3098-3106. [PMID: 27028155 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Johnston, MJ, Cook, CJ, Drake, D, Costley, L, Johnston, JP, and Kilduff, LP. The neuromuscular, biochemical, and endocrine responses to a single-session vs. double-session training day in elite athletes. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3098-3106, 2016-The aim of this study was to compare the acute neuromuscular, biochemical, and endocrine responses of a training day consisting of a speed session only with performing a speed-and-weights training session on the same day. Fifteen men who were academy-level rugby players completed 2 protocols in a randomized order. The speed-only protocol involved performing 6 maximal effort repetitions of 50-m running sprints with 5 minutes of recovery between each sprint, whereas the speed-and-weights protocol involved the same sprinting session but was followed 2 hours later by a lower-body weights session consisting of 4 sets of 5 backsquats and Romanian deadlift at 85% one repetition maximum. Testosterone, cortisol, creatine kinase, lactate, and perceived muscle soreness were determined immediately before, immediately after, 2 hours after, and 24 hours after both the protocols. Peak power, relative peak power, jump height, and average rate of force development were determined from a countermovement jump (CMJ) at the same time points. After 24-hours, muscle soreness was significantly higher after the speed-and-weights protocol compared with the speed-only protocol (effect size η = 0.253, F = 4.750, p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference between any of the CMJ variables at any of the posttraining time points. Likewise, creatine kinase, testosterone, and cortisol were unaffected by the addition of a weight-training session. These data indicate that the addition of a weight-training session 2 hours after a speed session, whereas increasing the perception of fatigue the next day does not result in a difference in endocrine response or in neuromuscular capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Johnston
- 1Strength and Conditioning Department, English Institute of Sport, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom; 2Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; 3School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom; 4Strength and Conditioning Department, Ulster Rugby, Newforge Lane, Belfast, United Kingdom; 5Strength and Conditioning Department, Ulster Sports Academy, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, United Kingdom; and 6Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Altered diurnal pattern of steroid hormones in relation to various behaviors, external factors and pathologies: A review. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:68-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
5
|
Chennaoui M, Bougard C, Drogou C, Langrume C, Miller C, Gomez-Merino D, Vergnoux F. Stress Biomarkers, Mood States, and Sleep during a Major Competition: "Success" and "Failure" Athlete's Profile of High-Level Swimmers. Front Physiol 2016; 7:94. [PMID: 27014092 PMCID: PMC4789459 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate stress markers, mood states, and sleep indicators in high-level swimmers during a major 7-days competition according to the outcomes. Nine swimmers [six men and three women (age: 22 ± 2 and 22 ± 4 years, respectively)] were examined. Before (PRE) and after (POST) each race (series, semi-finals, and finals), salivary concentrations of cortisol, α-amylase (sAA), and chromogranin-A (CgA) were determined. Mood states were assessed by the profile of mood state (POMS) questionnaire completed before and after the 7-days, and self-reported sleep diaries were completed daily. In the “failure” group, cortisol and sAA significantly increased between PRE-POST measurements (p < 0.05), while sCgA was not changed. Significant overall decrease of cortisol (-52.6%) and increase of sAA (+68.7%) was shown in the “failure group.” In this group, fatigue, confusion and depression scores, and sleep duration before the finals increased. The results in the “success” group show tendencies for increased cortisol and sCgA concentrations in response to competition, while sAA was not changed. Cortisol levels before the semi-finals and finals and sCgA levels before the finals were positively correlated to the fatigue score in the “failure” group only (r = 0.89). sAA levels before and after the semi-finals were negatively correlated to sleep duration measured in the subsequent night (r = −0.90). In conclusion, the stress of the competition could trigger a negative mood profile and sleep disturbance which correspond to different responses of biomarkers related to the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, cortisol, sAA, and CgA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Chennaoui
- Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Neurosciences and Operational Constraints Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research InstituteBrétigny-sur-Orge, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 7330 VIFASOM Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Clément Bougard
- Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Neurosciences and Operational Constraints Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research InstituteBrétigny-sur-Orge, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 7330 VIFASOM Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Catherine Drogou
- Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Neurosciences and Operational Constraints Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research InstituteBrétigny-sur-Orge, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 7330 VIFASOM Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Christophe Langrume
- Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Neurosciences and Operational Constraints Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | | | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Fatigue and Vigilance Team, Neurosciences and Operational Constraints Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research InstituteBrétigny-sur-Orge, France; Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 7330 VIFASOM Sommeil-Vigilance-Fatigue et Santé Publique, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hayes LD, Grace FM, Baker JS, Sculthorpe N. Exercise-induced responses in salivary testosterone, cortisol, and their ratios in men: a meta-analysis. Sports Med 2016; 45:713-26. [PMID: 25655373 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone, cortisol and their ratios may be indicators of anabolic status, but technical issues surrounding blood sampling has limited wider application. The advent of salivary testosterone (sal-T) analysis simplified sample acquisition, resulting in a subsequent rapid increase in the number of published research articles. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to undertake a meta-analysis to determine the effect of acute exercise bouts on post exercise sal-T and salivary cortisol (sal-C) concentrations and their ratio (sal-T:C). DATA SOURCES Relevant databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and SPORTDiscus were searched up to and including 31 December 2013 for the term 'saliva AND testosterone AND exercise'. STUDY SELECTION Studies (n = 21) selected from the 933 identified included randomised controlled trials (RCTs; n = 2), uncontrolled trials (UCTs; n = 18) and control trials (CTs; n = 1), all of which had an exercise component characterised as either aerobic, resistance or power training, each with acute sal-T and sal-C measurement obtained within 30 min of exercise bout completion. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted on change in sal-T, sal-C and the sal-T:C ratio following exercise using standard difference in means (SDM) and a random effects model. RESULTS For aerobic, resistance and power exercise, the overall SDMs for sal-T were 0.891, 1.061 and 0.509, respectively; for sal-C, the SDMs were 3.041, 0.773 and 1.200, respectively. For sal-T:C, the SDMs were -2.014, 0.027 and -0.968, respectively. RCTs, UCTs and CTs were separated by subgroup analysis. There were significant differences in overall weighted SDM values for sal-T between RCTs, UCTs and CTs within exercise modes. When examining aerobic exercise interventions, a quantitative interaction of study design was observed. RCTs resulted in a greater SDM than UCTs (1.337 vs. 0.446). Power interventions displayed a qualitative interaction with study design. UCTs where baseline measures were obtained 24 h before exercise had an SDM of -1.128, whereas UCTs where baseline was determined immediately prior to exercise had an SDM of 0.486. The single CT trial had an SDM of 2.260. Resistance exercise interventions were primarily UCTs; however, an observed influence of baseline sampling time whereby immediately pre- and 24 h pre-exercise resulted in differing SDMs. The sole resistance exercise RCTs resulted in the greatest SDM (2.500). CONCLUSION The current body of evidence regarding acute responses of sal-T to exercise is weak. This meta-analysis identifies varying exercise-dependent effect sizes. Each appear to be greatly influenced by study design and sample timing. There is a need for more RCTs and a standardised methodology for the measurement of salivary hormones in order to better determine the effect of exercise modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D Hayes
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, UK,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crewther BT, Hamilton D, Casto K, Kilduff LP, Cook CJ. Effects of oral contraceptive use on the salivary testosterone and cortisol responses to training sessions and competitions in elite women athletes. Physiol Behav 2015; 147:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Collomp K, Buisson C, Lasne F, Collomp R. DHEA, physical exercise and doping. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:206-12. [PMID: 24704255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) concentrations during acute and chronic exercise (training) have been investigated only fairly recently. DHEA is generally preferred to DHEA-S for exploring the acute exercise repercussions in laboratory or field tests because of its shorter elimination half-life. Conversely, DHEA-S is preferred to estimate chronic adaptations. Both can be measured noninvasively in saliva, and it is therefore possible to follow these hormone responses in elite athletes during competitive events and in healthy and pathological populations, without imposing additional stress. Indeed, the correlation between saliva and serum concentrations is high for steroid hormones, both at rest and during exercise. In this review, we will first summarize the current knowledge on the DHEA/DHEA-S responses to exercise and examine the potential modulating factors: exercise intensity, gender, age, and training. We will then discuss the ergogenic effects that athletes expect from the exogenous administration of DHEA and the antidoping methods of analysis currently used to detect this abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Collomp
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France; Département des Analyses, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - C Buisson
- Département des Analyses, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - F Lasne
- Département des Analyses, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - R Collomp
- Laboratoire de Soins Pharmaceutiques et de Santé Publique, Pôle Pharmacie, CHU Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vibarel-Rebot N, Rieth N, Lasne F, Jaffré C, Collomp K. Oral contraceptive use and saliva diurnal pattern of metabolic steroid hormones in young healthy women. Contraception 2014; 91:245-7. [PMID: 25592051 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of oral contraceptives (OCs) on the saliva diurnal pattern of metabolic steroid hormones remained unknown. STUDY DESIGN Saliva samples were taken from young healthy women (11 OC users, 10 non-OC users) to analyze cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone 4 times (days 1, 8, 15 and 22) over one menstrual cycle. RESULTS OC use decreased saliva testosterone concentrations (p<.01) under all conditions of day and time, but not saliva cortisol. OC also decreased saliva DHEA concentrations during the first part of the day (p<.05), with a dampened amplitude in its diurnal pattern. CONCLUSION The clinical relevance requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Vibarel-Rebot
- Laboratoire CIAMS, Université Paris Sud-Université Orléans, France
| | - N Rieth
- Laboratoire CIAMS, Université Paris Sud-Université Orléans, France
| | - F Lasne
- Département des Analyses, AFLD, France
| | - C Jaffré
- Laboratoire M2S, Université Rennes 2, France
| | - K Collomp
- Laboratoire CIAMS, Université Paris Sud-Université Orléans, France; Département des Analyses, AFLD, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zorgati H, Prieur F, Vergniaud T, Cottin F, Do MC, Labsy Z, Amarantini D, Gagey O, Lasne F, Collomp K. Ergogenic and metabolic effects of oral glucocorticoid intake during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise. Steroids 2014; 86:10-5. [PMID: 24793567 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
All systemically administered glucocorticoids (GC) are prohibited in-competition, because of the potential ergogenic effects. Although short-term GC intake has been shown to improve performance during submaximal exercise, literature on its impact during brief intense exercise appears to be very scant. The purpose of this study was to examine the ergogenic and metabolic effects of prednisone during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise. In a double-blind randomized protocol, ten recreational male athletes followed two 1-week treatments (Cor: prednisone, 60mg/day or Pla: placebo). At the end of each treatment, they hopped on their dominant leg for 30s three times consecutively and then hopped until exhaustion, with intervals of 5min of passive recovery. Blood and saliva samples were collected at rest and 3min after each exercise bout to determine the lactate, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, TNF-alpha, DHEA and testosterone values. The absolute peak force of the dominant leg was significantly increased by Cor but only during the first 30-s hopping bout (p<0.05), whereas time to exhaustion was not significantly changed after Cor treatment vs Pla (Pla: 119.9±24.7; Cor: 123.1±29.5s). Cor intake lowered basal and end-exercise plasma interleukin-6 and saliva DHEA (p<0.01) and increased interleukin-10 (p<0.01), whereas no significant change was found in blood lactate and TNF-alpha or saliva testosterone between Pla and Cor. According to these data, short-term glucocorticoid intake did not improve endurance performance during repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise, despite the significant initial increase in absolute peak force and anti-inflammatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Zorgati
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | - Fabrice Prieur
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | - Thomas Vergniaud
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | - François Cottin
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | - Manh-Cuong Do
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | - Zakaria Labsy
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | | | - Olivier Gagey
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France
| | | | - Katia Collomp
- Laboratoire CIAMS, EA 4532, Université Paris Sud - Université Orléans, France; Département des Analyses, AFLD, France.
| |
Collapse
|