1
|
Javed S, Atia-Tul-Wahab, Jabeen A, Zhumagaliyeva S, Abilov ZA, Atta-Ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI. Fungal mediated biotransformation of melengestrol acetate, and T-cell proliferation inhibitory activity of biotransformed compounds. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104313. [PMID: 33142425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glomerella fusaroide, and Rhizopus stolonifer were effectively able to transform the steroidal hormone melengestrol acetate (MGA) (1) into four (4) new metabolites, 17α-acetoxy-11α-hydroxy-6-methyl-16-methylenepregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (2), 17α-acetoxy-11α-hydroxy-6-methyl-16-methylenepregna-1,4,6-triene-3,20-dione (3), 17α-acetoxy-6,7α-epoxy-6β-methyl-16-methylenepregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (4), and 17α-acetoxy-11β,15β-dihydroxy-6-methyl-16-methylenepregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (5). All these compounds were structurally characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The objective of the current study was to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of melengestrol acetate (1), and its metabolites 2-5. The metabolites and the substrate were assessed for their inhibitory effects on proliferation of T-cells in vitro. The substrate (IC50 = 2.77 ± 0.08 µM) and its metabolites 2 (IC50 = 2.78 ± 0.07 µM), 4 (IC50 = 2.74 ± 0.1 µM), and 5 (IC50 = < 2 µM) exhibited potent T- cell proliferation inhibitory activities, while compound 3 (IC50 = 29.9 ± 0.09 µM) showed a moderate activity in comparison to the standard prednisolone (IC50 = 9.73 ± 0.08 µM). All the metabolites were found to be non-toxic against 3T3 normal cell line. This study thus identifies some potent compounds active against T-cell proliferation. Their anti-inflammatory potential, therefore, deserves to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Javed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-Tul-Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shynar Zhumagaliyeva
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zharylkasyn A Abilov
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Atta-Ur-Rahman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Campus C, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu S, Su H, Li HX, Liu JJ, Lin L, Xu XR, Zuo LZ, Zhao JL. Uptake, Elimination, and Biotransformation Potential of a Progestagen (Cyproterone Acetate) in Tilapia Exposed at an Environmental Concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6804-6813. [PMID: 31117546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the distribution of progestagens in aquatic environments has been widely reported, details on their uptake, elimination, and biotransformation in fish have received little attention. This study investigated the uptake, elimination, and biotransformation potential of a progestagen, cyproterone acetate (CPTA), in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration under semistatic regimes. CPTA in tilapia tissues followed a similar pattern, reaching a concentration plateau within 4 days of exposure, and dropping to below limits of quantitation within 4 days of elimination. The calculated steady-state bioconcentration factors suggest a low bioconcentration potential of CPTA in juvenile tilapia. Results of enzymatic hydrolysis treatments revealed that no conjugates of CPTA were present in tissues, but conjugated biotransformation products of CPTA were found in bile, liver, and muscle. Most CPTA entered tissues and then was biotransformed into seven different products by phase I and phase II metabolism. The concentrations of endogenous cortisol were significantly influenced by CPTA in plasma and liver during the uptake period. These findings suggest that biotransformation products of CPTA should be considered for the assessment of the bioconcentration potential and ecological effects of progestagens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510301 , P. R. China
| | - Haochang Su
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Guangzhou 510300 , P. R. China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510301 , P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510301 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510301 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510301 , P. R. China
| | - Lin-Zi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510301 , P. R. China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zafar S, Ahmed R, Khan R. Biotransformation: a green and efficient way of antioxidant synthesis. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:939-48. [PMID: 27383446 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1209745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant compounds play a vital role in human physiology. They prevent the oxidation of biomolecules by scavenging free radicals produced during physiochemical processes and/or as a result of several pathological states. A balance between the reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidants is essential for proper physiological conditions. Excessive free radicals cause oxidative stress which can lead to several human diseases. Therefore, synthesis of the effective antioxidants is crucial in managing the oxidative stress. Biotransformation has evolved as an effective technique for the production of structurally diverse molecules with a wide range of biological activities. This methodology surpasses the conventional chemical synthesis due to the fact that enzymes, being specific in nature, catalyze reactions affording products with excellent regio- and stereoselectivities. Structural transformation of various classes of compounds such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and terpenes has been carried out through this technique. Several bioactive molecules, especially those having antioxidant potential have also been synthesized by using different biotransformation techniques and enzymes. Hydroxylated, glycosylated, and acylated derivatives of phenols, flavonoids, cinnamates, and other molecules have proven abilities as potential antioxidants. A critical review of the biotransformation of these compounds into potent antioxidant metabolites is presented here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Zafar
- a Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Rida Ahmed
- b Department of Basic Sciences , DHA Suffa University, DG-78, Off Khayaban-e-Tufail, Phase VII Ext. Defence Housing Authority , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Rasool Khan
- a Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Faroque MU, Yousuf S, Zafar S, Choudhary MI, Ahmed M. Transferred multipolar atom model for 10β,17β-dihydroxy-17α-methylestr-4-en-3-one dihydrate obtained from the biotransformation of methyloestrenolone. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 72:398-404. [PMID: 27146568 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616005441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation is the structural modification of compounds using enzymes as the catalysts and it plays a key role in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important compounds. 10β,17β-Dihydroxy-17α-methylestr-4-en-3-one dihydrate, C19H28O3·2H2O, was obtained from the fungal biotransformation of methyloestrenolone. The structure was refined using the classical independent atom model (IAM) and a transferred multipolar atom model using the ELMAM2 database. The results from the two refinements have been compared. The ELMAM2 refinement has been found to be superior in terms of the refinement statistics. It has been shown that certain electron-density-derived properties can be calculated on the basis of the transferred parameters for crystals which diffract to ordinary resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umer Faroque
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Salman Zafar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bano S, Wahab AT, Yousuf S, Jabeen A, Mesaik MA, Rahman AU, Choudhary MI. New Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites by Microbial Transformation of Medrysone. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153951. [PMID: 27104348 PMCID: PMC4841542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial transformation of the anti-inflammatory steroid medrysone (1) was carried out for the first time with the filamentous fungi Cunninghamella blakesleeana (ATCC 8688a), Neurospora crassa (ATCC 18419), and Rhizopus stolonifer (TSY 0471). The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the substrate (1) and its metabolites. This yielded seven new metabolites, 14α-hydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (2), 6β-hydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (3), 15β-hydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (4), 6β,17α-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (5), 6β,20S-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11-dione (6), 11β,16β-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11-dione (7), and 15β,20R-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11-dione (8). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique unambiguously established the structures of the metabolites 2, 4, 6, and 8. Fungal transformation of 1 yielded oxidation at the C-6β, -11β, -14α, -15β, -16β positions. Various cellular anti-inflammatory assays, including inhibition of phagocyte oxidative burst, T-cell proliferation, and cytokine were performed. Among all the tested compounds, metabolite 6 (IC50 = 30.3 μg/mL) moderately inhibited the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from zymosan-induced human whole blood cells. Compounds 1, 4, 5, 7, and 8 strongly inhibited the proliferation of T-cells with IC50 values between <0.2-10.4 μg/mL. Compound 7 was found to be the most potent inhibitor (IC50 < 0.2 μg/mL), whereas compounds 2, 3, and 6 showed moderate levels of inhibition (IC50 = 14.6-20.0 μg/mL). Compounds 1, and 7 also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. All these compounds were found to be non-toxic to 3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast), and also showed no activity when tested against HeLa (human epithelial carcinoma), or against PC3 (prostate cancer) cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Bano
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-tul- Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Atta-ur- Rahman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21412, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Biotransformation of Steroids and Flavonoids by Cultures of Aspergillus niger. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:903-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
7
|
Ghasemi S, Mohajeri M, Habibi Z. Biotransformation of testosterone and testosterone heptanoate by four filamentous fungi. Steroids 2014; 92:7-12. [PMID: 25223562 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The microbial transformations of testosterone and testosterone heptanoate by four fungi: Absidia griseolla var. igachii PTCC 5260, Acremonium chrysogenu PTCC 5271, Fusarium fujikuroi PTCC 5144, and Fusarium solani complex PTCC 5285 were investigated for the first time. Incubation of testosterone heptanoate with F. fujikuroi and F. solani yielded three metabolites, which were isolated and characterized as testosterone, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, and 6β-hydroxy testosterone. 6β-Hydroxy testosterone was the major metabolite obtained from testosterone heptanoate biotransformation by two fungal species. A. griseolla and A. chrysogenu produced 14α-hydroxy testosterone as major metabolite, together with testosterone and 6β-hydroxy testosterone in lower yields. The biotransformation of testosterone by F. fujikuroi and A. griseolla was also investigated in order to examine the influence of the ester group on the course of transformation. Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione was only identified in the biotransformation of testosterone by F. fujikuroi. The same product was observed in incubation of testosterone by A. griseolla, together with 14α-hydroxy testosterone in very low yield. Furthermore, time course study was also carried out in order to examine the formation of metabolites as a function of time, which was determined by HPLC. The structures of compounds were determined by their comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrieh Ghasemi
- Department of Pure Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohajeri
- Department of Pure Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Pure Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma M, Sharma R. Drugs and drug intermediates from fungi: Striving for greener processes. Crit Rev Microbiol 2014; 42:322-38. [PMID: 25159041 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.947240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an ever-increasing demand of newer and improved drugs from biological sources to cater to the bio-pharmaceutical sector. Among various other resources, fungal species have an immense contribution owing to their potential to carry out the bio-transformations and drug synthesis in diverse conditions and in an eco-friendly manner. Advancement in the biotechnological processes has accelerated the process. Genome sequence information of various fungal species has opened newer avenues for improved and faster drug targeting and designing. The review highlights the production of pharmaceutical drugs and drug intermediates like antibiotics, anti-cancer, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, immunosuppressant, anti-anxiety, anti-virals and many other drugs from fungus. Many of these have been commercialized and there are many more which are either in research or in clinical trial phase. There is a need to exploit and explore the vast biota of fungi in the hope of discovering untapped therapeutic uses of the earth's countless species of fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- a Department of Biotechnology , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India and
| | - Rohit Sharma
- b Centre for Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan NT, Zafar S, Noreen S, Al Majid AM, Al Othman ZA, Al-Resayes SI, Choudhary MI. Biotransformation of dianabol with the filamentous fungi and β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity of resulting metabolites. Steroids 2014; 85:65-72. [PMID: 24755238 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation of the anabolic steroid dianabol (1) by suspended-cell cultures of the filamentous fungi Cunninghamella elegans and Macrophomina phaseolina was studied. Incubation of 1 with C. elegans yielded five hydroxylated metabolites 2-6, while M. phaseolina transformed compound 1 into polar metabolites 7-11. These metabolites were identified as 6β,17β-dihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (2), 15α,17β-dihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (3), 11α,17β-dihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (4), 6β,12β,17β-trihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (5), 6β,15α,17β-trihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (6), 17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3,6-dione (7), 7β,17β,-dihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (8), 15β,17β-dihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (9), 17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3,11-dione (10), and 11β,17β-dihydroxy-17α-methylandrost-1,4-dien-3-one (11). Metabolite 3 was also transformed chemically into diketone 12 and oximes 13, and 14. Compounds 6 and 12-14 were identified as new derivatives of dianabol (1). The structures of all transformed products were deduced on the basis of spectral analyses. Compounds 1-14 were evaluated for β-glucuronidase enzyme inhibitory activity. Compounds 7, 13, and 14 showed a strong inhibition of β-glucuronidase enzyme, with IC50 values between 49.0 and 84.9 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naik T Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Salman Zafar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Noreen
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah M Al Majid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid A Al Othman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Ibrahim Al-Resayes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghasemi S, Kheyrabadi R, Habibi Z. Microbial transformation of hydrocortisone by two fungal species Fusarium fujikuroi PTCC 5144 andRhizomucor pusillusPTCC 5134. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2014.913581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
11
|
Quintana PG, Romero SM, Vaamonde G, Baldessari A. New metabolites of drospirenone obtained in Mucorales fungi culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
12
|
Baydoun E, Bibi M, Iqbal MA, Wahab AT, Farran D, Smith C, Sattar SA, Rahman AU, Choudhary MI. Microbial transformation of anti-cancer steroid exemestane and cytotoxicity of its metabolites against cancer cell lines. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:57. [PMID: 23537428 PMCID: PMC3637571 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microbial transformation of steroids has been extensively used for the synthesis of steroidal drugs, that often yield novel analogues, not easy to obtain by chemical synthesis. We report here fungal transformation of a synthetic steroidal drug, exemestane, used for the treatment of breast cancer and function through inhibition of aromatase enzyme. Results Microbial transformation of anti-cancer steroid, exemestane (1), was investigated by using two filamentous fungi. Incubation of 1 with fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, and Fusarium lini afforded three new, 11α-hydroxy-6-methylene-androsta-1, 4-diene-3,17-dione (2), 16β, 17β-dihydroxy-6-methylene-androsta-1, 4-diene-3-one (3), and 17β-hydroxy-6-methylene-androsta-1, 4-diene-3, 16-dione (4), and one known metabolites, 17β-hydroxy-6-methylene-androsta-1, 4-diene-3-one (5). Their structures were deduced spectroscopically. Compared to 1 (steroidal aromatase inactivator), the transformed metabolites were also evaluated for cytotoxic activity by using a cell viability assay against cancer cell lines (HeLa and PC3). Metabolite 2 was found to be moderately active against both the cell lines. Conclusions Biotransformation of exemestane (1) provides an efficient method for the synthesis of new analogues of 1. The metabolites were obtained as a result of reduction of double bond and hydroxylation. The transformed product 2 exhibited a moderate activity against cancer cell lines (HeLa and PC3). These transformed products can be studied for their potential as drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Baydoun
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|