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Javed S, Atia-Tul-Wahab, Jabeen A, Zhumagaliyeva S, Abilov ZA, Atta-Ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI. Fungal mediated biotransformation of melengestrol acetate, and T-cell proliferation inhibitory activity of biotransformed compounds. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104313. [PMID: 33142425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glomerella fusaroide, and Rhizopus stolonifer were effectively able to transform the steroidal hormone melengestrol acetate (MGA) (1) into four (4) new metabolites, 17α-acetoxy-11α-hydroxy-6-methyl-16-methylenepregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (2), 17α-acetoxy-11α-hydroxy-6-methyl-16-methylenepregna-1,4,6-triene-3,20-dione (3), 17α-acetoxy-6,7α-epoxy-6β-methyl-16-methylenepregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (4), and 17α-acetoxy-11β,15β-dihydroxy-6-methyl-16-methylenepregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (5). All these compounds were structurally characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The objective of the current study was to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of melengestrol acetate (1), and its metabolites 2-5. The metabolites and the substrate were assessed for their inhibitory effects on proliferation of T-cells in vitro. The substrate (IC50 = 2.77 ± 0.08 µM) and its metabolites 2 (IC50 = 2.78 ± 0.07 µM), 4 (IC50 = 2.74 ± 0.1 µM), and 5 (IC50 = < 2 µM) exhibited potent T- cell proliferation inhibitory activities, while compound 3 (IC50 = 29.9 ± 0.09 µM) showed a moderate activity in comparison to the standard prednisolone (IC50 = 9.73 ± 0.08 µM). All the metabolites were found to be non-toxic against 3T3 normal cell line. This study thus identifies some potent compounds active against T-cell proliferation. Their anti-inflammatory potential, therefore, deserves to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Javed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-Tul-Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shynar Zhumagaliyeva
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zharylkasyn A Abilov
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Atta-Ur-Rahman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Campus C, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
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de Queiroz TM, Ellena J, Porto ALM. Biotransformation of Ethinylestradiol by Whole Cells of Brazilian Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1996. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:673-682. [PMID: 32833111 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report our contribution to the application of whole cells of Brazilian marine-derived fungi in the biotransformation of ethinylestradiol 1. A preliminary screening with twelve marine-derived fungi strains revealed that the fungus Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1996 promoted the biotransformation of ethinylestradiol 1. Then, P. oxalicum CBMAI 1996 was employed in the reactions in decaplicate in order to purify and characterize the main biotransformation products of ethinylestradiol 1. Compounds 1b and 1c were characterized by NMR, HRMS, [α]D and mp. Compound 1b was also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, kinetic monitoring of the biotransformation of ethinylestradiol 1 by P. oxalicum CBMAI 1996 was evaluated in this study in order to obtain high yields of compounds 1b and 1c with a reduction of the reaction time. In this work, we proposed a biotransformation pathway of ethinylestradiol 1, which suggests the presence of several enzymes such as phenol oxidases, monooxygenases, and ene-reductases in the fungus P. oxalicum CBMAI 1996. In summary, the rapid biodegradation of ethinylestradiol 1 and compounds 1b and 1c also has an environmental relevance, since ethinylestradiol 1 and other steroidal compounds are improperly discarded in the environment, and part of these compounds are displaced into the oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayane Melo de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Javier Ellena
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Cristalografia Estrutural, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - André L M Porto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Santa Angelina, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil.
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Awolade P, Cele N, Kerru N, Gummidi L, Oluwakemi E, Singh P. Therapeutic significance of β-glucuronidase activity and its inhibitors: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111921. [PMID: 31835168 PMCID: PMC7111419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of disease and dearth of effective pharmacological agents on most therapeutic fronts, constitutes a major threat to global public health and man's existence. Consequently, this has created an exigency in the search for new drugs with improved clinical utility or means of potentiating available ones. To this end, accumulating empirical evidence supports molecular target therapy as a plausible egress and, β-glucuronidase (βGLU) - a lysosomal acid hydrolase responsible for the catalytic deconjugation of β-d-glucuronides has emerged as a viable molecular target for several therapeutic applications. The enzyme's activity level in body fluids is also deemed a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of some pathological conditions. Moreover, due to its role in colon carcinogenesis and certain drug-induced dose-limiting toxicities, the development of potent inhibitors of βGLU in human intestinal microbiota has aroused increased attention over the years. Nevertheless, although our literature survey revealed both natural products and synthetic scaffolds as potential inhibitors of the enzyme, only few of these have found clinical utility, albeit with moderate to poor pharmacokinetic profile. Hence, in this review we present a compendium of exploits in the present millennium directed towards the inhibition of βGLU. The aim is to proffer a platform on which new scaffolds can be modelled for improved βGLU inhibitory potency and the development of new therapeutic agents in consequential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nosipho Cele
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nagaraju Kerru
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lalitha Gummidi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ebenezer Oluwakemi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
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Faroque MU, Yousuf S, Zafar S, Choudhary MI, Ahmed M. Transferred multipolar atom model for 10β,17β-dihydroxy-17α-methylestr-4-en-3-one dihydrate obtained from the biotransformation of methyloestrenolone. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 72:398-404. [PMID: 27146568 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616005441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biotransformation is the structural modification of compounds using enzymes as the catalysts and it plays a key role in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important compounds. 10β,17β-Dihydroxy-17α-methylestr-4-en-3-one dihydrate, C19H28O3·2H2O, was obtained from the fungal biotransformation of methyloestrenolone. The structure was refined using the classical independent atom model (IAM) and a transferred multipolar atom model using the ELMAM2 database. The results from the two refinements have been compared. The ELMAM2 refinement has been found to be superior in terms of the refinement statistics. It has been shown that certain electron-density-derived properties can be calculated on the basis of the transferred parameters for crystals which diffract to ordinary resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umer Faroque
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Salman Zafar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
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Bano S, Wahab AT, Yousuf S, Jabeen A, Mesaik MA, Rahman AU, Choudhary MI. New Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites by Microbial Transformation of Medrysone. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153951. [PMID: 27104348 PMCID: PMC4841542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial transformation of the anti-inflammatory steroid medrysone (1) was carried out for the first time with the filamentous fungi Cunninghamella blakesleeana (ATCC 8688a), Neurospora crassa (ATCC 18419), and Rhizopus stolonifer (TSY 0471). The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the substrate (1) and its metabolites. This yielded seven new metabolites, 14α-hydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (2), 6β-hydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (3), 15β-hydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (4), 6β,17α-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (5), 6β,20S-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11-dione (6), 11β,16β-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11-dione (7), and 15β,20R-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11-dione (8). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique unambiguously established the structures of the metabolites 2, 4, 6, and 8. Fungal transformation of 1 yielded oxidation at the C-6β, -11β, -14α, -15β, -16β positions. Various cellular anti-inflammatory assays, including inhibition of phagocyte oxidative burst, T-cell proliferation, and cytokine were performed. Among all the tested compounds, metabolite 6 (IC50 = 30.3 μg/mL) moderately inhibited the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from zymosan-induced human whole blood cells. Compounds 1, 4, 5, 7, and 8 strongly inhibited the proliferation of T-cells with IC50 values between <0.2-10.4 μg/mL. Compound 7 was found to be the most potent inhibitor (IC50 < 0.2 μg/mL), whereas compounds 2, 3, and 6 showed moderate levels of inhibition (IC50 = 14.6-20.0 μg/mL). Compounds 1, and 7 also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. All these compounds were found to be non-toxic to 3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast), and also showed no activity when tested against HeLa (human epithelial carcinoma), or against PC3 (prostate cancer) cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Bano
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-tul- Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Atta-ur- Rahman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21412, Saudi Arabia
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