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Zhu Y, Ye J, Qin P, Yan X, Gong X, Li X, Liu Y, Li Y, Yu T, Zhang Y, Ling Y, Wang J, Cao H, Fang F. Analysis of serum reproductive hormones and ovarian genes in pubertal female goats. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 37024956 PMCID: PMC10080748 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age at puberty is an important factor affecting goat fertility, with endocrine and genetic factors playing a crucial role in the onset of puberty. To better understand the relationship between endocrine and genetic factors and mechanisms underlying puberty onset in goats, reproductive hormone levels were analyzed by ELISA and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-multistage/mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing was performed to analyze ovarian genes. RESULTS Serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, cortisone, and cortisol levels were found to be higher but progesterone were lower in pubertal goats as compared to those in prepubertal goats (P < 0.05). A total of 18,139 genes were identified in cDNA libraries, and 75 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (|log2 fold change|≥ 1, P ≤ 0.05), of which 32 were significantly up- and 43 were down-regulated in pubertal goats. Gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that DEGs were mainly involved in "metabolic process," "signaling," "reproduction," and "growth." Further, DEGs were significantly enriched in 91 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, including estrogen signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and cAMP signaling pathway. Bioinformatics analysis showed that PRLR and THBS1 were highly expressed in pubertal ovaries, and ZP3, ZP4, and ASTL showed low expression, suggesting their involvement in follicular development and lutealization. CONCLUSIONS To summarize, serum hormone changes and ovarian DEGs expression were investigated in our study. Further studies are warranted to comprehensively explore the functions of DEGs in goat puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Zhu
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ping Qin
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xinbao Gong
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yinghui Ling
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Juhua Wang
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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Kang CX, Fan RT, Xiao HM, Wang X. Determination of estrogens in human serum using a novel chemical derivatization-assisted liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9345. [PMID: 35737595 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Assessing estrogen concentrations in biological systems can provide valuable information on physiological processes, which is crucial for the early diagnosis of many diseases. Because estrogens are present in the human body in low concentrations and in a wide dynamic range, analytical methods with high sensitivity and specificity are required for their determination in complex biological matrices. METHODS To discover an appropriate derivatization reagent for estrogen mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, we compared five sulfonyl chloride derivatization reagents, namely 3-methyl-8-quinolinesulfonyl chloride (MQSCl) and 8-quinolinesulfonyl chloride (QSCl), 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride, 1,2-methyl-imidazole-5-sulfonyl chloride, and dansyl chloride. By selecting the derivatization reagent with the best performance, we developed and validated a novel chemical derivatization-assisted-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (CD-LC-ESI-MS/MS) method to simultaneously determine the concentrations of estrone, estradiol, and estriol (E1, E2, and E3) in human serum. RESULTS It was found that among the five investigated reagents, MQSCl-derivatized estrogens presented the highest sensitivity using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Based on this discovery, MQSCl was chosen to derivatize the analyzed estrogens to assist LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The limit of quantification of E1, E2, and E3 was measured as 2.7, 4.6, and 5.1 pg/mL, respectively. Inter- and intra-day precision, expressed as the coefficient of variation, was shown to be lower than 13.2% for all concentrations. The mean recovery was 72.4% overall, with good reproducibility at low, medium, and high concentrations in the calibration range. CONCLUSIONS The developed method was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of estrogens in clinical human serum from pediatric and adult women, demonstrating the suitability of estrogen analysis in the biological matrix at low concentration (pg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Xin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru-Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
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Nouri MZ, Kroll KJ, Webb M, Denslow ND. Quantification of steroid hormones in low volume plasma and tissue homogenates of fish using LC-MS/MS. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 296:113543. [PMID: 32598883 PMCID: PMC7447131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of steroid hormones in fish is an important step for toxicology and endocrinology studies. Among the hormone analysis techniques, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has widely been used for measuring hormones in various biological samples. Despite all improvements in the technique, detection of several hormones in a low volume of serum or plasma is still challenging. We developed a robust method for simultaneous quantification of 14 steroid hormones including corticosterone, cortisol, 11-ketotestosterone, progesterone, testosterone, 17OH-progesterone, aldosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, ethinylestradiol, levonorgestrel and equilin from volumes as low as 10 µL serum or plasma in a short run by LC-MS/MS. The lowest limit of detection in 10 µL serum was 0.012 ng/mL measured for cortisol, progesterone, testosterone, 17OH-progesterone and estrone. Use of high (25 times more) serum volume improved detection limit of hormones by 2-40 times. The method was compared with the radioimmunoassay technique in which testosterone and 17β-estradiol were highly correlated with R2 of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. We validated the method by measuring four selected hormones, in low and high plasma volumes of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). In addition, we developed a method to quantify hormones in whole body fish homogenates of small fish and compared the values to plasma concentrations, using fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Calculated concentrations of the hormones in plasma were consistent with those in the homogenate and 11-ketotestosterone and 17β-estradiol were significantly different in males and females. The ability to measure hormones from whole body homogenates was further evaluated in two model small fish species, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and juvenile silverside (Menidia beryllina). These results suggest that whole tissue homogenate is a reliable alternative for hormone quantification when sufficient plasma is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Kevin J Kroll
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Molly Webb
- USFWS, Bozeman Fish Technology Center, Bozeman, MT 59517, United States
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
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Liu Q, Chi Q, Fan RT, Tian HD, Wang X. Quantitative-Profiling Method of Serum Steroid Hormones by Hydroxylamine-Derivatization HPLC-MS. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019; 9:201-208. [PMID: 30968349 PMCID: PMC6538747 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-0204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of ten steroid hormones, including estrogens, androgens, progesterones, and corticosteroids four classes of steroids. The following ten steroid hormones were analyzed: progesterone, 21-deoxycortisol, estrone, 4-androstenedione, testosterone, dihydro-testosterone, androstenone, dehydroepiandrosterone, corticosterone and cortisone. Stable deuterated isotopes were used as internal standards for quantification. Sample preparation with and without derivatization were performed after liquid-liquid extraction, and the corresponding results were compared according to sensitivity and selectivity. Hydroxylamine derivatization was found to improve the ionization efficiency of the analytes for electrospray ionization MS analysis. The gradient of mobile phase and experimental parameters for HPLC separation were optimized. The lower limits of quantification were in the range of 0.05-5 ng mL-1 with wide linear range for the ten steroid hormones. The intra-day precision < 11.1% and recovery of 84.5-120% with negligible matrix effect were achieved, where within the acceptance limits of the FDA guideline. Total HPLC-MS analysis time was 6 min. This method enables simultaneous quantification of steroids in human serum. It will be helpful for the serum steroid profiling in order to understand various endocrinology diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Dong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Tobiansky DJ, Korol AM, Ma C, Hamden JE, Jalabert C, Tomm RJ, Soma KK. Testosterone and Corticosterone in the Mesocorticolimbic System of Male Rats: Effects of Gonadectomy and Caloric Restriction. Endocrinology 2018; 159:450-464. [PMID: 29069423 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones can modulate motivated behaviors through the mesocorticolimbic system. Gonadectomy (GDX) is a common method to determine how steroids influence the mesocorticolimbic system, and caloric restriction (CR) is often used to invigorate motivated behaviors. A common assumption is that the effects of these manipulations on brain steroid levels reflects circulating steroid levels. We now know that the brain regulates local steroid levels in a region-specific manner; however, previous studies have low spatial resolution. Using ultrasensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we examined steroids in microdissected regions of the mesocorticolimbic system (ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex). We examined whether GDX or CR influences systemic and local steroids, particularly testosterone (T) and steroidogenic enzyme transcripts. Adult male rats underwent a GDX surgery and/or CR for either 2 or 6 weeks. Levels of T, the primary steroid of interest, were higher in all brain regions than in the blood, whereas corticosterone (CORT) was lower in the brain than in the blood. Importantly, GDX completely eliminated T in the blood and lowered T in the brain. Yet, T remained present in the brain, even 6 weeks after GDX. CR decreased both T and CORT in the blood and brain. Steroidogenic enzyme (Cyp17a1, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, aromatase) transcripts and androgen receptor transcripts were expressed in the mesocorticolimbic system and differentially affected by GDX and CR. Together, these results suggest that T is synthesized within the mesocorticolimbic system. These results provide a foundation for future studies examining how neurosteroids influence behaviors mediated by the mesocorticolimbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tobiansky
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anastasia M Korol
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chunqi Ma
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jordan E Hamden
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cecilia Jalabert
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan J Tomm
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kiran K Soma
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Ke Y, Gonthier R, Simard JN, Labrie F. A validated LC-MS/MS method for the sensitive quantitation of serum 7alpha hydroxy-, 7beta hydroxy- and 7keto-dehydroepiandrosterone using a novel derivatization reagent. Steroids 2016; 108:112-7. [PMID: 26855361 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
7alpha hydroxy-, 7beta hydroxy- and 7keto-dehydroepiandrosterone (7α OH-DHEA, 7β OH-DHEA and 7 oxo-DHEA) are oxidized metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Their concentrations are low in the circulation, especially in postmenopausal women, thus resulting in a considerable challenge for their reliable measurement. A sensitive and accurate LC-MS/MS method has been developed using a simple sample preparation procedure and a novel derivatization with 1-amino-4-methyl piperazine (MP). The derivatized metabolites are stable in high water content reagents. A 10 pg/mL (0.2 pg on column) for the low limit of quantitation (LLOQ) has been achieved for all three compounds. A proper choice of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions provides good specificity. The excess amount of reagent can be removed from the sample during the derivatization process. Within the calibration range of 10-2000 pg/mL, a good linearity was obtained with R>0.99 where the weighing factor is 1/X while the bias and coefficient of variance (CV) are within 8% for all levels of QCs and calibration curves. This method has been fully validated according to the FDA guidelines, where the results of the matrix effect meet the acceptance criteria while freeze-thaw stability, short and long term stability in matrix and solution as well as post-processed sample stability meet the requirements. With this method, the concentrations of 7α OH-DHEA, 7β OH-DHEA and 7 oxo-DHEA were measured in premenopausal and postmenopausal serum. The average concentration of 7α OH-DHEA is equivalent to that of 7β OH-DHEA in both types of sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyong Ke
- EndoCeutics Laboratory, 1405 Parc Technologique Blvd, Suite 250, Québec, QC G1P 4P5, Canada
| | - Renaud Gonthier
- EndoCeutics Laboratory, 1405 Parc Technologique Blvd, Suite 250, Québec, QC G1P 4P5, Canada
| | - Jean-Nicolas Simard
- EndoCeutics Laboratory, 1405 Parc Technologique Blvd, Suite 250, Québec, QC G1P 4P5, Canada
| | - Fernand Labrie
- EndoCeutics Laboratory, 1405 Parc Technologique Blvd, Suite 250, Québec, QC G1P 4P5, Canada.
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