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Lombrea A, Watz CG, Bora L, Dehelean CA, Diaconeasa Z, Dinu S, Turks M, Lugiņina J, Peipiņš U, Danciu C. Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Antimelanoma Activity of Novel Semisynthetic Derivatives of Betulinic Acid with Indole Conjugation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:36. [PMID: 38202344 PMCID: PMC10780819 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of skin cancer, specifically malignant melanoma, among Caucasians remains a significant concern. Natural compounds from plants have long been explored as potential anticancer agents. Betulinic acid (BI) has shown promise in its therapeutic properties, including its anticancer effects. However, its limited bioavailability has hindered its medicinal applications. To address this issue, two recently synthesized semisynthetic derivatives, N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)diglycylglycine (BA1) and N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)glycylglycine (BA2), were compared with previously reported compounds N-(2,3-indolo-betulinoyl)glycine (BA3), 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid (BA4), and BI. These compounds were evaluated for their effects on murine melanoma cells (B164A5) using various in vitro assays. The introduction of an indole framework at the C2 position of BI resulted in an increased cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of compound BA4 was enhanced by conjugating its carboxylic group with an amino acid residue. BA2 and BA3, with glycine and glycylglycine residues at C28, exhibited approximately 2.20-fold higher inhibitory activity compared to BA4. The safety assessment of the compounds on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) has revealed that concentrations up to 10 µM slightly reduced cell viability, while concentrations of 75 µM resulted in lower cell viability rates. LDH leakage assays confirmed cell membrane damage in B164A5 cells when exposed to the tested compounds. BA2 and BA3 exhibited the highest LDH release, indicating their strong cytotoxicity. The NR assay revealed dose-dependent lysosome disruption for BI and 2,3-indolo-betulinic acid derivatives, with BA1, BA2, and BA3 showing the most cytotoxic effects. Scratch assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of cell migration, with BA2 and BA3 being the most effective. Hoechst 3342 staining revealed that BA2 induced apoptosis, while BA3 induced necrosis at lower concentrations, confirming their anti-melanoma properties. In conclusion, the semisynthetic derivatives of BI, particularly BA2 and BA3, show promise as potential candidates for further research in developing effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Lombrea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Claudia Geanina Watz
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Larisa Bora
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Zorita Diaconeasa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Biotechnology, BIODIATECH—Research Centre for Applied Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Molecular Therapy, 400478 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefania Dinu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Pediatric Dentistry Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 9 No., Revolutiei Bv., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.T.); (J.L.); (U.P.)
| | - Jevgeņija Lugiņina
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.T.); (J.L.); (U.P.)
| | - Uldis Peipiņš
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (M.T.); (J.L.); (U.P.)
- Nature Science Technologies Ltd., Rupnicu Str. 4, LV-2114 Olaine, Latvia
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Mutahir S, Khan MA, Almehizia AA, Abouzied AS, Khalifa NE, Naglah AM, Deng H, Refat MS, Khojali WMA, Huwaimel B. Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Studies of Mannich Bases Oxadiazole Derivatives as New Class of Jack Bean Urease Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300241. [PMID: 37344354 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Mannich bases consisting of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione (3 a-3 l) bearing various substituents were synthesized and found potent jack bean urease inhibitors. The prepared compounds showed significantly good inhibitory activities with IC50 values from 9.45±0.05 to 267.42±0.23 μM. The compound 3 k containing 4-chlorophenyl (-R) and 4-hydroxyphenyl (-R') was most active with IC50 9.45±0.05 μM followed by 3 e (IC50 22.52±0.15 μM) in which -R was phenyl and -R' was isopropyl group. However, when both -R and -R' were either 4-chlorophenyl groups (3 l) or only -R' was 4-nitrophenyl (3 i), both compounds were found inactive. The detailed binding affinities of the produced compounds with protein were explored through molecular docking and data-supported in-vitro enzyme inhibition profiles. Drug likeness was confirmed by in silico ADME investigations and molecular orbital analysis (HOMO-LUMO) and electrostatic potential maps were got from DFT calculations. ESP maps exposed that there are two potential binding sites with the most positive and most negative parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Mutahir
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Muhammad Asim Khan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Almehizia
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Salah Abouzied
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, 12553, Egypt
| | - Nasrin Eldirdiri Khalifa
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11115, Sudan
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Naglah
- Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haishan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Moamen Salaheldeen Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weam Mohamed Ali Khojali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, faculty of pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, 14415, Sudan
| | - Bader Huwaimel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Hail, Hail, 81442, Saudi Arabia
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Ursolic Acid Analogs as Potential Therapeutics for Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248981. [PMID: 36558113 PMCID: PMC9785537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from a large variety of vegetables, fruits and many traditional medicinal plants. It is a structural isomer of Oleanolic Acid. The medicinal application of UA has been explored extensively over the last two decades. The diverse pharmacological properties of UA include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, etc. Especially, UA holds a promising position, potentially, as a cancer preventive and therapeutic agent due to its relatively non-toxic properties against normal cells but its antioxidant and antiproliferative activities against cancer cells. Cell culture studies have shown interference of UA with multiple pharmacological and molecular targets that play a critical role in many cells signaling pathways. Although UA is considered a privileged natural product, its clinical applications are limited due to its low absorption through the gastro-intestinal track and rapid elimination. The low bioavailability of UA limits its use as a therapeutic drug. To overcome these drawbacks and utilize the importance of the scaffold, many researchers have been engaged in designing and developing synthetic analogs of UA via structural modifications. This present review summarizes the synthetic UA analogs and their cytotoxic antiproliferative properties reported in the last two decades.
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Shpatov AV, Zakharova SS, Popov SA. Synthesis of New Hybrids of Abietic Acid and 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Synthesis of New Ursane-Type Hybrids with Morpholinomethyl-, Dialkylamino-, and Hydroxyl-Substituted Azoles. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of New N-Containing Hybrid Derivatives of Gallic and Ursolic Acids. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Yu X, Zhao YF, Huang GJ, Chen YF. Design and synthesis of 7-diethylaminocoumarin-based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with anti-acetylcholinesterase activities. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2021; 23:866-876. [PMID: 32815409 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1803293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Twelve novel 7-diethylaminocoumarin-based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized via iodine-mediated oxidative cyclisation and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The result of these derivatives' activities inhibiting acetylcholinesterase in vitro showed that 4 g and 4i had moderate inhibitory activities with 69.19% and 65.06%, respectively. The preliminary structure-activity relationships revealed that introduction of halogen atom on the para-position of phenyl of 7-diethylaminocoumarin-based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives could enhance their activities. Molecular docking study suggested that 4 g possessed an optimal docking pose with interactions inside AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Research Center for Natural Medicine Chemistry, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - You-Fang Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guo-Juan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ya-Fang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Research Center for Natural Medicine Chemistry, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
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Popov SA, Wang C, Qi Z, Shults EE, Turks M. Synthesis of water-soluble ester-linked ursolic acid–gallic acid hybrids with various hydrolytic stabilities. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1939057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Popov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Qi
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Semenova MD, Popov SA, Golubeva TS, Baev DS, Shults EE, Turks M. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Sulfanyl, Sulfinyl and Sulfonyl Group Containing Ursane Conjugates with 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles and 1,2,4‐Triazoles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marya D. Semenova
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 9 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Sergey A. Popov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 9 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Golubeva
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics Acad. Lavrentyev Ave., 10 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Baev
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 9 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Elvira E. Shults
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry Acad. Lavrentyev ave. 9 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry Riga Technical University P. Valdena Str. 3 Riga LV-1048 Latvia
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Medvedeva NI, Kazakova OB. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Lupaneand Oleanane-Type Triterpenoid Conjugates with 1,3,4-Oxadiazole. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ahsan MJ. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Containing Compounds As Therapeutic Targets For Cancer Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:164-197. [PMID: 33634756 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210226145837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the first or second leading cause of premature death in 134 of 183 countries in the world. 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles are five memebered heterocyclic rings containing two nitrogen (two atoms) and oxygen (one atom). They show better thermal stability, metabolic stability, aqueous solubility and lower lipophilicity than the other isomeric oxadiazoles. They are important class of heterocycles present in many drug structures like Raltegravir, Furamizole Tidazosin, Nesapidil, Setileuton (MK-0633) and Zibotentan. Presence of this nucleus in the therapeutics has made them an indispensable anchor for drug design and development. Several 1,3,4-oxadiazoles are prepared and reported as anticancer agents by numerous scientists worldwide. OBJECTIVES The present review discusses the anticancer potentials together with the molecular targets of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles reported since 2010. The structure activity relationship (SAR) and molecular docking simulation on different targets have also been discussed herein. Some of the important cancer targets have also been explored. METHODS The most potent 1,3,4-oxadiazoles reported in literature was highlighted in the manuscript. The anticancer activity was reported in terms of growth percent (GP), percent growth inhibition (%GI), GI50, IC50, and LC50 and TGI. RESULTS 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles are an important heterocyclic scaffolds with broad spectrum biological activities. They may be either mono substituted or disubstituted and act as an indispensable anchor for drug design and discovery due to their thermal stability together with low lipophilicity. They exhibited anticancer potentials and showed the inhibitions of various cancer targets. CONCLUSION The discussion outlined herein will proved to be a helpful and vital tool for medicinal chemists investigating and working with 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and anticancer research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maharishi Arvind College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302 039. India
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Karabelyov V, Kondeva-Burdina M, Angelova VT. Synthetic approaches to unsymmetrical 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their MAO-B inhibitory activity. A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115888. [PMID: 33360082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitors are currently used as coadjuvants for treating early motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Aiming at the elucidation of MAO-B inhibitors with 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds, we make a comprehensive update on the new and old chemical methods employed for the synthesis of the unsymmetrical oxadiazole derivatives that lead to high yield compounds. We summarize a state of the selective MAO-B inhibitors with oxadiazole scaffold, describing the results, structures, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and medicinal chemistry strategies over the years. The analysis of the recent papers would facilitate tracking the increasing number of oxadiazole derivatives as new chemical spaces with MAO-B inhibitory potential designed to ensure the safe use of the compounds and elimination of the unwanted drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Karabelyov
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violina T Angelova
- Laboratory "Drug metabolism and drug toxicity", Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Markov AV, Sen’kova AV, Popadyuk II, Salomatina OV, Logashenko EB, Komarova NI, Ilyina AA, Salakhutdinov NF, Zenkova MA. Novel 3'-Substituted-1',2',4'-Oxadiazole Derivatives of 18βH-Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Their O-Acylated Amidoximes: Synthesis and Evaluation of Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Potential In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3511. [PMID: 32429154 PMCID: PMC7279002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivatives containing 3'-(alkyl/phenyl/pyridin(-2″, -3″, and -4″)-yl)-1',2',4'-oxadiazole moieties at the C-30 position were synthesized by condensation of triterpenoid's carboxyl group with corresponding amidoximes and further cyclization. Screening of the cytotoxicity of novel GA derivatives on a panel of tumor cell lines showed that the 3-acetoxy triterpenoid intermediates-O-acylated amidoxime 3a-h-display better solubility under bioassay conditions and more pronounced cytotoxicity compared to their 1',2',4'-oxadiazole analogs 4f-h (median IC50 = 7.0 and 49.7 µM, respectively). Subsequent replacement of the 3-acetoxy group by the hydroxyl group of pyridin(-2″, 3″, and -4″)-yl-1',2',4'-oxadiazole-bearing GA derivatives produced compounds 5f-h, showing the most pronounced selective toxicity toward tumor cells (median selectivity index (SI) > 12.1). Further detailed analysis of the antitumor activity of hit derivative 5f revealed its marked proapoptotic activity and inhibitory effects on clonogenicity and motility of HeLa cervical carcinoma cells in vitro, and the metastatic growth of B16 melanoma in vivo. Additionally, the comprehensive in silico study revealed intermediate 3d, bearing the tert-butyl moiety in O-acylated amidoxime, as a potent anti-inflammatory candidate, which was able to effectively inhibit inflammatory response induced by IFNγ in macrophages in vitro and carrageenan in murine models in vivo, probably by primary interactions with active sites of MMP9, neutrophil elastase, and thrombin. Taken together, our findings provide a basis for a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship of 1',2',4'-oxadiazole-containing triterpenoids and reveal two hit molecules with pronounced antitumor (5f) and anti-inflammatory (3d) activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Irina I. Popadyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.I.P.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Oksana V. Salomatina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.I.P.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Evgeniya B. Logashenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Nina I. Komarova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.I.P.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Anna A. Ilyina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.I.P.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.S.); (O.V.S.); (E.B.L.); (A.A.I.); (M.A.Z.)
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