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Elias M, Gani S, Lerner Y, Yamin K, Tor C, Patel A, Matityahu A, Dessau M, Qvit N, Onn I. Developing a peptide to disrupt cohesin head domain interactions. iScience 2023; 26:107498. [PMID: 37664609 PMCID: PMC10470313 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesin mediates the 3-D structure of chromatin and is involved in maintaining genome stability and function. The cohesin core comprises Smc1 and Smc3, elongated-shaped proteins that dimerize through globular domains at their edges, called head and hinge. ATP binding to the Smc heads induces their dimerization and the formation of two active sites, while ATP hydrolysis results in head disengagement. This ATPase cycle is essential for driving cohesin activity. We report on the development of the first cohesin-inhibiting peptide (CIP). The CIP binds Smc3 in vitro and inhibits the ATPase activity of the holocomplex. Treating yeast cells with the CIP prevents cohesin's tethering activity and, interestingly, leads to the accumulation of cohesin on chromatin. CIP3 also affects cohesin activity in human cells. Altogether, we demonstrate the power of peptides to inhibit cohesin in cells and discuss the potential application of CIPs as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elias
- Chromosome Instability and Dynamics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Samar Gani
- Protein-Protein Interactions Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yana Lerner
- Protein-Protein Interactions Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Katreen Yamin
- Chromosome Instability and Dynamics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Chen Tor
- Chromosome Instability and Dynamics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Adarsh Patel
- The Lab for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Avi Matityahu
- Chromosome Instability and Dynamics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Moshe Dessau
- The Lab for Structural Biology of Infectious Diseases, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Nir Qvit
- Protein-Protein Interactions Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Itay Onn
- Chromosome Instability and Dynamics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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2
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Liu Y, Fang X, Wang Q, Xiao D, Zhou T, Kang K, Peng Z, Ren F, Zhou J. SMC1A facilitates gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via promoting SNAIL activated EMT. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:268. [PMID: 37537540 PMCID: PMC10401881 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1 A (SMC1A) is a crucial subunit of the cohesion protein complex and plays a vital role in cell cycle regulation, genomic stability maintenance, chromosome dynamics. Recent studies demonstrated that SMC1A participates in tumorigenesis. This reseach aims to explore the role and the underlying mechanisms of SMC1A in gastric cancer (GC). MATERIALS AND METHODS RT-qPCR and western blot were used to examine the expression levels of SMC1A in GC tissues and cell lines. The role of SMC1A on GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were analyzed. Furthermore,the mechanism of SMC1A action was investigated. RESULTS SMC1A was highly expressed in GC tissues and cell lines. The high expression of SMC1A indicated the poor overall survival of GC patients from Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Enhancing the expression of SMC1A in AGS cells remarkably promoted cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, migration and invasion, Conversely, knockdown of SMC1A in HGC27 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, it's observed that SMC1A promoted EMT and malignant cell behaviors via regulating SNAIL. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that SMC1A promotes EMT process by upregulating SNAIL, which contributes to gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Therefore, targeting SMC1A may be a potential strategy to improve GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Liu
- Department of Geriatrics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xianrui Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated ZhuZhou Hospital of XiangYa Medical College, Central South University, ZhuZhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Da Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Shekou People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kuo Kang
- Department of Geriatrics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Peng
- Department of Geriatrics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Department of Geriatrics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jingyu Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Road, Furong District, Changsha City, 410011, Hunan Province, China.
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3
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Li J, Zhou Q, Liu L, He J. Effects of SMC1A on immune microenvironment and cancer stem cells in colon adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37096492 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study suggested that SMC1 has significant functions in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, few reports have shown the effects of structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 (SMC1A) on the immune microenvironment and tumor stem cells. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, CPTAC database, Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub were used. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analysis were checked for immune infiltration on MC38 mice model. Human CRC tissues were tested with RT-qPCR. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of SMC1A were increased in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) samples. SMC1A was associated with DNA activity. Interestingly, SMC1A was highly expressed in many types of immune cells at single-cell levels. Moreover, the high expression of SMC1A was positively correlated with immune infiltration, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that SMC1A was positively associated with CD45 expression in MC38 mice model. Also, the percentage of IL4+ CD4+ T cells (Th2) and FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells (Tregs) was significantly higher in the SMC1A overexpression group than in control by flow cytometry assay in vivo. SMC1A expression could affect the proliferation of T cells in the mice model. The mutation and somatic cell copy number variation (SCNV) of SMC1A were also associated with immune cell infiltration. In addition to SMC1A in the "hot" T-cell inflammatory microenvironment of colon cancer, SMC1A also positively correlates with the immune checkpoint genes CD274, CTLA4, and PDCD1 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) samples. Furthermore, we also found that SMC1A plays a positive correlation with the induction of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Our results also showed that miR-23b-3p binds SMC1A. CONCLUSION SMC1A may be a bidirectional target switch that simultaneously regulates the immune microenvironment and tumor stem cells. Moreover, SMC1A may be a biomarker for the prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Li Liu
- The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Jingdong He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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4
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Tisi R, Vertemara J, Zampella G, Longhese MP. Functional and structural insights into the MRX/MRN complex, a key player in recognition and repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1137-1152. [PMID: 32489527 PMCID: PMC7260605 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are potentially lethal DNA lesions that pose a significant threat to genome stability and therefore need to be repaired to preserve genome integrity. Eukaryotic cells possess two main mechanisms for repairing DSBs: non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). HR requires that the 5' terminated strands at both DNA ends are nucleolytically degraded by a concerted action of nucleases in a process termed DNA-end resection. This degradation leads to the formation of 3'-ended single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) ends that are essential to use homologous DNA sequences for repair. The evolutionarily conserved Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2/NBS1 complex (MRX/MRN) has enzymatic and structural activities to initiate DSB resection and to maintain the DSB ends tethered to each other for their repair. Furthermore, it is required to recruit and activate the protein kinase Tel1/ATM, which plays a key role in DSB signaling. All these functions depend on ATP-regulated DNA binding and nucleolytic activities of the complex. Several structures have been obtained in recent years for Mre11 and Rad50 subunits from archaea, and a few from the bacterial and eukaryotic orthologs. Nevertheless, the mechanism of activation of this protein complex is yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we focused on recent biophysical and structural insights on the MRX complex and their interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Tisi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie and Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vertemara
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie and Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampella
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie and Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Longhese
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie and Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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5
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Muir KW, Li Y, Weis F, Panne D. The structure of the cohesin ATPase elucidates the mechanism of SMC-kleisin ring opening. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:233-239. [PMID: 32066964 PMCID: PMC7100847 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Genome regulation requires control of chromosome organization by SMC-kleisin complexes. The cohesin complex contains the Smc1 and Smc3 subunits that associate with the kleisin Scc1 to form a ring-shaped complex that can topologically engage chromatin to regulate chromatin structure. Release from chromatin involves opening of the ring at the Smc3-Scc1 interface in a reaction that is controlled by acetylation and engagement of the Smc ATPase head domains. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, we have determined the 3.2-Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the ATPγS-bound, heterotrimeric cohesin ATPase head module and the 2.1-Å resolution crystal structure of a nucleotide-free Smc1-Scc1 subcomplex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chaetomium thermophilium. We found that ATP-binding and Smc1-Smc3 heterodimerization promote conformational changes within the ATPase that are transmitted to the Smc coiled-coil domains. Remodeling of the coiled-coil domain of Smc3 abrogates the binding surface for Scc1, thus leading to ring opening at the Smc3-Scc1 interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Muir
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France.
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Yan Li
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Felix Weis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Panne
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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6
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Chapard C, Jones R, van Oepen T, Scheinost JC, Nasmyth K. Sister DNA Entrapment between Juxtaposed Smc Heads and Kleisin of the Cohesin Complex. Mol Cell 2019; 75:224-237.e5. [PMID: 31201089 PMCID: PMC6675936 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin entraps sister DNAs within tripartite rings created by pairwise interactions between Smc1, Smc3, and Scc1. Because Smc1/3 ATPase heads can also interact with each other, cohesin rings have the potential to form a variety of sub-compartments. Using in vivo cysteine cross-linking, we show that when Smc1 and Smc3 ATPases are engaged in the presence of ATP (E heads), cohesin rings generate a "SMC (S) compartment" between hinge and E heads and a "kleisin (K) compartment" between E heads and their associated kleisin subunit. Upon ATP hydrolysis, cohesin's heads associate in a different mode, in which their signature motifs and their coiled coils are closely juxtaposed (J heads), creating alternative S and K compartments. We show that K compartments of either E or J type can entrap single DNAs, that acetylation of Smc3 during S phase is associated with J heads, and that sister DNAs are entrapped in J-K compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Chapard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Robert Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Till van Oepen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Johanna C Scheinost
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Kim Nasmyth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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7
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Srinivasan M, Petela NJ, Scheinost JC, Collier J, Voulgaris M, B Roig M, Beckouët F, Hu B, Nasmyth KA. Scc2 counteracts a Wapl-independent mechanism that releases cohesin from chromosomes during G1. eLife 2019; 8:e44736. [PMID: 31225797 PMCID: PMC6588348 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin's association with chromosomes is determined by loading dependent on the Scc2/4 complex and release due to Wapl. We show here that Scc2 also actively maintains cohesin on chromosomes during G1 in S. cerevisiae cells. It does so by blocking a Wapl-independent release reaction that requires opening the cohesin ring at its Smc3/Scc1 interface as well as the D loop of Smc1's ATPase. The Wapl-independent release mechanism is switched off as cells activate Cdk1 and enter G2/M and cannot be turned back on without cohesin's dissociation from chromosomes. The latter phenomenon enabled us to show that in the absence of release mechanisms, cohesin rings that have already captured DNA in a Scc2-dependent manner before replication no longer require Scc2 to capture sister DNAs during S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi J Petela
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - James Collier
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Maurici B Roig
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Frederic Beckouët
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire EucaryoteCentre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Kim A Nasmyth
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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8
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Çamdere GÖ, Carlborg KK, Koshland D. Intermediate step of cohesin's ATPase cycle allows cohesin to entrap DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9732-9737. [PMID: 30201721 PMCID: PMC6166799 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807213115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is a four-subunit ATPase in the family of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC). Cohesin promotes sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome condensation, DNA repair, and transcription regulation. Cohesin performs these functions as a DNA tether and potentially a DNA-based motor. At least one of its DNA binding activities involves entrapment of DNA within a lumen formed by its subunits. This activity can be reconstituted in vitro by incubating cohesin with DNA, ATP, and cohesin loader. Previously we showed that a mutant form of cohesin (DE-cohesin) possesses the ability to bind and tether DNA in vivo. Using in vitro reconstitution assays, we show that DE-cohesin can form stable complexes with DNA without ATP hydrolysis. We show that wild-type cohesin with ADP aluminum fluoride (cohesinADP/AlFx) can also form stable cohesin-DNA complexes. These results suggest that an intermediate nucleotide state of cohesin, likely cohesinADP-Pi, is capable of initially dissociating one interface between cohesin subunits to allow DNA entry into a cohesin lumen and subsequently interacting with the bound DNA to stabilize DNA entrapment. We also show that cohesinADP/AlFx binding to DNA is enhanced by cohesin loader, suggesting a function for loader other than stimulating the ATPase. Finally, we show that loader remains stably bound to cohesinADP/AlFx after DNA entrapment, potentially revealing a function for loader in tethering the second DNA substrate. These results provide important clues on how SMC complexes like cohesin can function as both DNA tethers and motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Ö Çamdere
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kristian K Carlborg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Douglas Koshland
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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9
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Zhang Y, Yi F, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhang N, Wang Z, Li Z, Song X, Wei S, Cao L. Phosphorylation of SMC1A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and migration. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1081-1089. [PMID: 29988990 PMCID: PMC6036730 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A (SMC1A) has been implicated in the development of a variety of cancer types. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma remains unknown. In this study, we found that phosphorylated SMC1A was highly expressed in HepG2 and Bel7402 cells when compared with other cancer cell lines. Furthermore, SMC1A knockdown dramatically reduced HepG2 and Bel7402 cell proliferation and migration. Re-expressing phosphomimetic mutants S957DS966D significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of SMC1A knockdown HepG2 and Bel7402 cells. In addition, phosphorylated SMC1A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells growth in vivo. Importantly, the expression of phosphorylated SMC1A was significantly higher in human hepatocellular carcinomacells when compared to peri-tumor benign hepatocytes, and its overexpression was significantly associated with worse prognostic outcomes. These observations suggest that phosphorylation of SMC1A is a vital event in tumorigenesis and disease progression in hepatocellular carcinoma thus necessitating further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249-7331, USA
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249-7331, USA
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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10
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Li S, Yue Z, Tanaka TU. Smc3 Deacetylation by Hos1 Facilitates Efficient Dissolution of Sister Chromatid Cohesion during Early Anaphase. Mol Cell 2017; 68:605-614.e4. [PMID: 29100057 PMCID: PMC5678280 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cohesins establish sister chromatid cohesion during S phase and are removed when cohesin Scc1 is cleaved by separase at anaphase onset. During this process, cohesin Smc3 undergoes a cycle of acetylation: Smc3 acetylation by Eco1 in S phase stabilizes cohesin association with chromosomes, and its deacetylation by Hos1 in anaphase allows re-use of Smc3 in the next cell cycle. Here we find that Smc3 deacetylation by Hos1 has a more immediate effect in the early anaphase of budding yeast. Hos1 depletion significantly delayed sister chromatid separation and segregation. Smc3 deacetylation facilitated removal of cohesins from chromosomes without changing Scc1 cleavage efficiency, promoting dissolution of cohesion. This action is probably due to disengagement of Smc1-Smc3 heads prompted by de-repression of their ATPase activity. We suggest Scc1 cleavage per se is insufficient for efficient dissolution of cohesion in early anaphase; subsequent Smc3 deacetylation, triggered by Scc1 cleavage, is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Li
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Zuojun Yue
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Tomoyuki U Tanaka
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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11
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Yi F, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xu H, Li X, Bai N, Cao L, Song X. Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes protein 1: Role in Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1092-1099. [PMID: 28924389 PMCID: PMC5599913 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SMC1 (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes protein 1), well known as one of the SMC superfamily members, has been explored to function in many activities including chromosome dynamics, cell cycle checkpoint, DNA damage repair and genome stability. Upon being properly assembled as part of cohesin, SMC1 can be phosphorylated by ATM and mediate downstream DNA damage repair after ionizing irradiation. Abnormal gene expression or mutation of SMC1 can cause defect in the DNA damage repair pathway, which has been strongly associated with tumorigenesis. Here we focus to discuss SMC1's role in genome stability maintenance and tumorigenesis. Deciphering the underlying molecular mechanism can provide insight into novel strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ning Bai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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12
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Marcos-Alcalde Í, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Puisac B, Gil-Rodríguez MC, Hernández-Marcos M, Soler-Polo D, Ramos FJ, Ortega J, Pié J, Mendieta J, Gómez-Puertas P. Two-step ATP-driven opening of cohesin head. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3266. [PMID: 28607419 PMCID: PMC5468275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cohesin ring is a protein complex composed of four core subunits: Smc1A, Smc3, Rad21 and Stag1/2. It is involved in chromosome segregation, DNA repair, chromatin organization and transcription regulation. Opening of the ring occurs at the "head" structure, formed of the ATPase domains of Smc1A and Smc3 and Rad21. We investigate the mechanisms of the cohesin ring opening using techniques of free molecular dynamics (MD), steered MD and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics MD (QM/MM MD). The study allows the thorough analysis of the opening events at the atomic scale: i) ATP hydrolysis at the Smc1A site, evaluating the role of the carboxy-terminal domain of Rad21 in the process; ii) the activation of the Smc3 site potentially mediated by the movement of specific amino acids; and iii) opening of the head domains after the two ATP hydrolysis events. Our study suggests that the cohesin ring opening is triggered by a sequential activation of the ATP sites in which ATP hydrolysis at the Smc1A site induces ATPase activity at the Smc3 site. Our analysis also provides an explanation for the effect of pathogenic variants related to cohesinopathies and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús I Mendieta-Moreno
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Puisac
- Unidad de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Departamento de Farmacología-Fisiología y Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS-Aragon and CIBERER-GCV02, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Concepción Gil-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Departamento de Farmacología-Fisiología y Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS-Aragon and CIBERER-GCV02, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Marcos
- Unidad de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Departamento de Farmacología-Fisiología y Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS-Aragon and CIBERER-GCV02, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Soler-Polo
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unidad de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Departamento de Farmacología-Fisiología y Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS-Aragon and CIBERER-GCV02, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Ortega
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pié
- Unidad de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Departamento de Farmacología-Fisiología y Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, ISS-Aragon and CIBERER-GCV02, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Mendieta
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Gruber S. Shaping chromosomes by DNA capture and release: gating the SMC rings. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 46:87-93. [PMID: 28460277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SMC proteins organize chromosomes to coordinate essential nuclear processes such as gene expression and DNA recombination as well as to segregate chromosomes during cell division. SMC mediated DNA bridging keeps sister chromatids aligned for much of the cell cycle, while the active extrusion of DNA loops by SMC presumably compacts chromosomes. Chromosome superstructure is thus given by the number of DNA linkages and the size of chromosomal DNA loops, which in turn depend on the dynamics of SMC loading and unloading. The latter is regulated by the intrinsic SMC ATPase activity, multiple external factors and post-translational modification. Here, I highlight recent advances in our understanding of DNA capture and release by SMC-with a focus on cohesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Gruber
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Bâtiment Biophore, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Chavda AP, Ang K, Ivanov D. The torments of the cohesin ring. Nucleus 2017; 8:261-267. [PMID: 28453390 PMCID: PMC5499920 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2017.1295200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is a ring-shaped protein complex which comprises the Smc1, Smc3 and Scc1 subunits. It topologically embraces chromosomal DNA to connect sister chromatids and stabilize chromatin loops. It is required for proper chromosomal segregation, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. We have recently reported that cohesin rings can adopt a "collapsed" rod-like conformation which is driven by the interaction between the Smc1 and Smc3 coiled coil arms and is regulated by post-translational modifications. The "collapsed" conformation plays a role in cohesin ring assembly and its loading on the DNA. Here we speculate about the mechanism of cohesin's conformational transitions in relation to its loading on the DNA and draw parallels with other Smc-like complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keven Ang
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Dmitri Ivanov
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Tuned SMC Arms Drive Chromosomal Loading of Prokaryotic Condensin. Mol Cell 2017; 65:861-872.e9. [PMID: 28238653 PMCID: PMC5344682 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SMC proteins support vital cellular processes in all domains of life by organizing chromosomal DNA. They are composed of ATPase “head” and “hinge“ dimerization domains and a connecting coiled-coil “arm.” Binding to a kleisin subunit creates a closed tripartite ring, whose ∼47-nm-long SMC arms act as barrier for DNA entrapment. Here, we uncover another, more active function of the bacterial Smc arm. Using high-throughput genetic engineering, we resized the arm in the range of 6–60 nm and found that it was functional only in specific length regimes following a periodic pattern. Natural SMC sequences reflect these length constraints. Mutants with improper arm length or peptide insertions in the arm efficiently target chromosomal loading sites and hydrolyze ATP but fail to use ATP hydrolysis for relocation onto flanking DNA. We propose that SMC arms implement force transmission upon nucleotide hydrolysis to mediate DNA capture or loop extrusion. Short and long but not intermediate-length Smc coiled-coil arms are functional Smc complexes with improper arms accumulate at chromosomal loading sites Smc arms are functional units linking ATP hydrolysis to an essential DNA transaction Pro- and eukaryotic SMC sequences reflect similar periodic length constraints
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