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Feng P, Yang W, Xu D, Ma M, Guo Y, Jing Z. Characteristics, mechanisms and measurement methods of dissolution and deposition of inorganic salts in sub-/supercritical water. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119167. [PMID: 36183545 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and harmless treatment of hypersaline organic wastes has become an urgent environmental problem. Compared to traditional thermochemical methods, supercritical water oxidation has been proven to be an efficient organic waste treatment technology due to the advantages of low cost, high degradation rate, no secondary pollutants, etc. However, the solubilities of inorganic salts drop rapidly near the critical point of water, and some sticky salts form easily agglomerates and then adhere to internal surfaces of reactor and pipeline, causing plugging and inhibition of heat transfer. Hence, the characteristics, mechanisms and measurement methods of the dissolution and deposition of inorganic salts in sub-/supercritical water are summarized and analyzed systematically and comprehensively in this work, intending to provide a valuable guide for salt deposition prevention and subsequent research directions. Firstly, a new classification form of inorganic salt is put forward based on melting point. The phase equilibriums of brine systems are then analyzed in detail. Six theories concerning dissolution mechanisms are discussed deeply and various measurement methods of salt solubility are also supplemented. Furthermore, salt deposition characteristics and related measurement technologies are summarized. Notably, a new idea "hydrothermal molten salt" system is reviewed which may provide a solution for salt deposition in sub/supercritical water. Finally, an outlook for the follow-up researches is prospected and some suggestions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Wanpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Donghai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Mingyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zefeng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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2
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van Wyk S, van der Ham AG, Kersten SR. Supercritical water desalination (SCWD) of multi-component brines. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Membrane and Electrochemical Based Technologies for the Decontamination of Exploitable Streams Produced by Thermochemical Processing of Contaminated Biomass. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15072683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an emerging concept for contaminated soil restoration via the use of resilient plants that can absorb soil contaminants. The harvested contaminated biomass can be thermochemically converted to energy carriers/chemicals, linking soil decontamination with biomass-to-energy and aligning with circular economy principles. Two thermochemical conversion steps of contaminated biomass, both used for contaminated biomass treatment/exploitation, are considered: Supercritical Water Gasification and Fast Pyrolysis. For the former, the vast majority of contaminants are transferred into liquid and gaseous effluents, and thus the application of purification steps is necessary prior to further processing. In Fast Pyrolysis, contaminants are mainly retained in the solid phase, but a part appears in the liquid phase due to fine solids entrainment. Contaminants include heavy metals, particulate matter, and hydrogen sulfide. The purified streams allow the in-process re-use of water for the Super Critical Water Gasification, the sulfur-free catalytic conversion of the fuel-rich gaseous stream of the same process into liquid fuels and recovery of an exploitable bio-oil rich stream from the Fast Pyrolysis. Considering the fundamental importance of purification/decontamination to exploit the aforementioned streams in an integrated context, a review of available such technologies is conducted, and options are shortlisted. Technologies of choice include polymeric-based membrane gas absorption for desulfurization, electrooxidation/electrocoagulation for the liquid product of Supercritical Water Gasification and microfiltration via ceramic membranes for fine solids removal from the Fast Pyrolysis bio-oil. Challenges, risks, and suitable strategies to implement these options in the context of biomass-to-energy conversion are discussed and recommendations are made.
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Chen J, Meng T, Leng E, E J. Review on metal dissolution characteristics and harmful metals recovery from electronic wastes by supercritical water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127693. [PMID: 34799178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical water (SCW) technology can be applied as an efficient and environment-friendly method to recover toxic or complex chemical wastes. Separation and chemical reactions under supercritical conditions may be realized by changing the temperature, pressure, and other operating parameters to adjust the physical and chemical properties of water. However, salt deposition and corrosion are often encountered during the treatment of inorganic substances, which will hinder the commercial applications of SCW technology. The solubility of salt in high pressure/temperature water forms the theoretical basis for studying the recovery of metal salts in supercritical water and understanding salt deposition. Therefore, this work systematically and objectively reviews different research methods used to analyze salt solubility in high pressure/temperature water, including the experimental method, prediction theoretical modeling, and computer simulation method; the research status and existing data of this parameter are also analyzed. The purpose of this review is to provide ideas and references for follow-up research by providing a comprehensive overview of salt solubility research methods and the current situation. Suggestions for more efficient metal recovery through technology integration are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Chen
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Institute of New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Tian Meng
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Erwei Leng
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiaqiang E
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Institute of New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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5
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Chen Z, Zheng Z, He C, Chen H, Yang M, Xu Y. Precipitation of sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate during supercritical water oxidation/gasification of ethanol. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Wang R, Deplazes R, Vogel F, Baudouin D. Continuous Extraction of Black Liquor Salts under Hydrothermal Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Wang
- Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Roger Deplazes
- Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Vogel
- Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Biomass and Resource Efficiency, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - David Baudouin
- Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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8
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Tang X, Zheng Y, Liao Z, Wang Y, Yang J, Cai J. A review of developments in process flow for supercritical water oxidation. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2020.1783537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- XingYing Tang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - YouChang Zheng
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - ZeQin Liao
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - YingHui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - JianQiao Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianjun Cai
- School of Architecture and Traffic, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
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9
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Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13133309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new efficient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can efficiently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the effects of different process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.
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10
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Fedyaeva ON, Vostrikov AA. Processing of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes by Supercritical Water Gasification. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793119070042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Xu T, Wang S, Tang X, Li Y, Yang J, Li J, Zhang Y. Corrosion Mechanism of Inconel 600 in Oxidizing Supercritical Aqueous Systems Containing Multiple Salts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shuzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xingying Tang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jianqiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jianna Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yishu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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12
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Influence of multiphasic systems on salt(s) solubility in supercritical water: the case of NaCl and NaCl-Na2SO4. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Yadav A, Gandhi N, Kumar R, Apegaonkar S, Bhujade R, Mishra V. Numerical modelling framework of continuous salt precipitation from super-critical water. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1386682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Yadav
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Gandhi
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Ramesh Bhujade
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Ltd, Mumbai, India
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14
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Türk M. Design metalloxidischer Nanopartikel mittels kontinuierlicher hydrothermaler Synthese. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201700082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Türk
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Technische Thermodynamik und Kältetechnik, Campus Süd; Engler-Bunte-Ring 21 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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15
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Viereck S, Jovanovic Z, Haselbacher A, Steinfeld A. Investigation of Na2SO4 removal from a supercritical aqueous solution in a dip-tube salt separator. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Liu Q, Ding X, Du B, Fang T. Multi-Phase Equilibrium and Solubilities of Aromatic Compounds and Inorganic Compounds in Sub- and Supercritical Water: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:513-523. [PMID: 28665683 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1342528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), as a novel and efficient technology, has been applied to wastewater treatment processes. The use of phase equilibrium data to optimize process parameters can offer a theoretical guidance for designing SCWO processes and reducing the equipment and operating costs. In this work, high-pressure phase equilibrium data for aromatic compounds+water systems and inorganic compounds+water systems are given. Moreover, thermodynamic models, equations of state (EOS) and empirical and semi-empirical approaches are summarized and evaluated. This paper also lists the existing problems of multi-phase equilibria and solubility studies on aromatic compounds and inorganic compounds in sub- and supercritical water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinli Liu
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Xin Ding
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Bowen Du
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Tao Fang
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
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17
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Voisin T, Erriguible A, Ballenghien D, Mateos D, Kunegel A, Cansell F, Aymonier C. Solubility of inorganic salts in sub- and supercritical hydrothermal environment: Application to SCWO processes. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Reimer J, Peng G, Viereck S, De Boni E, Breinl J, Vogel F. A novel salt separator for the supercritical water gasification of biomass. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Wang X, Wan Y, Hu W, Chou IM, Cai S, Lin N, Zhu Q, Li Z. Visual and in situ Raman spectroscopic observations of the liquid–liquid immiscibility in aqueous uranyl sulfate solutions at temperatures up to 420°C. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Reimer J, Vogel F, Steele-MacInnis M. Speciation and Structural Properties of Hydrothermal Solutions of Sodium and Potassium Sulfate Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1446-53. [PMID: 26888426 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of salts at elevated pressures and temperatures play a key role in geochemical processes and in applications of supercritical water in waste and biomass treatment, for which salt management is crucial for performance. A major question in predicting salt behavior in such processes is how different salts affect the phase equilibria. Herein, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to investigate molecular-scale structures of solutions of sodium and/or potassium sulfate, which show contrasting macroscopic behavior. Solutions of Na-SO4 exhibit a tendency towards forming large ionic clusters with increasing temperature, whereas solutions of K-SO4 show significantly less clustering under equivalent conditions. In mixed systems (Nax K2-x SO4 ), cluster formation is dramatically reduced with decreasing Na/(K+Na) ratio; this indicates a structure-breaking role of K. MD results allow these phenomena to be related to the characteristics of electrostatic interactions between K(+) and SO4 (2-) , compared with the analogous Na(+) -SO4 (2-) interactions. The results suggest a mechanism underlying the experimentally observed increasing solubility in ternary mixtures of solutions of Na-K-SO4 . Specifically, the propensity of sodium to associate with sulfate, versus that of potassium to break up the sodium-sulfate clusters, may affect the contrasting behavior of these salts. Thus, mutual salting-in in ternary hydrothermal solutions of Na-K-SO4 reflects the opposing, but complementary, natures of Na-SO4 versus K-SO4 interactions. The results also provide clues towards the reported liquid immiscibility in this ternary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Reimer
- Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Vogel
- Institut für Biomasse und Ressourceneffizienz, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, 5210, Windisch, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Steele-MacInnis
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Institut für Geochemie und Petrologie, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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Reimer J, Vogel F. Influence of anions and cations on the phase behavior of ternary salt solutions studied by high pressure differential scanning calorimetry. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Reimer J, Steele-MacInnis M, Wambach JM, Vogel F. Ion Association in Hydrothermal Sodium Sulfate Solutions Studied by Modulated FT-IR-Raman Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:9847-57. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Reimer
- Laboratory
for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Steele-MacInnis
- Institut
für Geochemie und Petrologie, ETH Zürich NW F 82.4, Clausiusstrasse 25, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg M. Wambach
- Laboratory
for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Vogel
- Laboratory
for Bioenergy and Catalysis, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institut für Biomasse und Ressourceneffizienz Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
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23
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Zhang J, Wang S, Xu D, Guo Y, Ren M, Lu J. Kinetics study on hydrothermal combustion of methanol in supercritical water. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Mian A, Ensinas AV, Marechal F. Multi-objective optimization of SNG production from microalgae through hydrothermal gasification. Comput Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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López Barreiro D, Samorì C, Terranella G, Hornung U, Kruse A, Prins W. Assessing microalgae biorefinery routes for the production of biofuels via hydrothermal liquefaction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 174:256-265. [PMID: 25463806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interest in third generation biofuels from microalgae has been rising during the past years. Meanwhile, it seems not economically feasible to grow algae just for biofuels. Co-products with a higher value should be produced by extracting a particular algae fraction to improve the economics of an algae biorefinery. The present study aims at analyzing the influence of two main microalgae components (lipids and proteins) on the composition and quantity of biocrude oil obtained via hydrothermal liquefaction of two strains (Nannochloropsis gaditana and Scenedesmus almeriensis). The algae were liquefied as raw biomass, after extracting lipids and after extracting proteins in microautoclave experiments at different temperatures (300-375°C) for 5 and 15min. The results indicate that extracting the proteins from the microalgae prior to HTL may be interesting to improve the economics of the process while at the same time reducing the nitrogen content of the biocrude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego López Barreiro
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale (CIRI), University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Terranella
- Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmoltz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ursel Hornung
- Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmoltz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kruse
- Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmoltz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Conversion Technology and Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Resources (440f), Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolter Prins
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Tang H, Erzat A, Liu Y. Recovery of soluble chloride salts from the wastewater generated during the washing process of municipal solid wastes incineration fly ash. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:2863-2869. [PMID: 25176491 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.924568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water washing is widely used as the pretreatment method to treat municipal solid waste incineration fly ash, which facilitates the further solidification/stabilization treatment or resource recovery of the fly ash. The wastewater generated during the washing process is a kind of hydrosaline solution, usually containing high concentrations of alkali chlorides and sulphates, which cause serious pollution to environment. However, these salts can be recycled as resources instead of discharge. This paper explored an effective and practical recovery method to separate sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride salts individually from the hydrosaline water. In laboratory experiments, a simulating hydrosaline solution was prepared according to composition of the waste washing water. First, in the three-step evaporation-crystallization process, pure sodium chloride and solid mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides were obtained separately, and the remaining solution contained potassium and calcium chlorides (solution A). And then, the solid mixture was fully dissolved into water (solution B obtained). Finally, ethanol was added into solutions A and B to change the solubility of sodium, potassium, and calcium chlorides within the mixed solvent of water and ethanol. During the ethanol-adding precipitation process, each salt was separated individually, and the purity of the raw production in laboratory experiments reached about 90%. The ethanol can be recycled by distillation and reused as the solvent. Therefore, this technology may bring both environmental and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Tang
- a College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Municipal Solid Waste Utilization and Management , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
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27
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Schubert M, Müller JB, Vogel F. Continuous hydrothermal gasification of glycerol mixtures: Effect of glycerol and its degradation products on the continuous salt separation and the enhancing effect of K3PO4 on the glycerol degradation. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schubert M, Müller JB, Vogel F. Continuous Hydrothermal Gasification of Glycerol Mixtures: Autothermal Operation, Simultaneous Salt Recovery, and the Effect of K3PO4 on the Catalytic Gasification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5005459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frédéric Vogel
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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29
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Reimer J, Vogel F. High pressure differential scanning calorimetry of the hydrothermal salt solutions K2SO4–Na2SO4–H2O and K2HPO4–H2O. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Design of the first pilot scale plant of China for supercritical water oxidation of sewage sludge. Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Schubert M, Aubert J, Müller JB, Vogel F. Continuous salt precipitation and separation from supercritical water. Part 3: Interesting effects in processing type 2 salt mixtures. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Pan Z, Dong Z. Determination of Chlorobenzene Solubilities in Subcritical Water in a Fused Silica Capillary Reactor from 173 to 267 °C. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200754g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Pan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Dong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, P.R. China
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33
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van Bennekom J, Venderbosch R, Assink D, Heeres H. Reforming of methanol and glycerol in supercritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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35
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Water-in-water tracer studies of supercritical-water reversing jets using neutron radiography. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Schubert M, Regler JW, Vogel F. Continuous salt precipitation and separation from supercritical water. Part 1: Type 1 salts. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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