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Li Y, Duan Y, Wang S, Zhang F, Li J, Dai Z, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Supercritical water oxidation for the treatment and utilization of organic wastes: Factor effects, reaction enhancement, and novel process. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118571. [PMID: 38431066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) has been regarded as a new and efficient technology for the harmless treatment and energy utilization of organic wastes, resulting in the quickly homogeneous oxidation between organics and oxidizers and the former being wholly degraded into small environment-friendly green molecules such as H2O and N2 and inorganic salts. This paper systematically analyzed the influencing behavior and mechanisms of the reaction factors, such as temperature, pressure, residence time, oxidant type, oxidation coefficient, and the concentration and pH values of the raw material, on the treatment effect of organic wastes. For most organic wastes, the SCWO conditions at 550 °C with a residence time of 1min and an oxidation coefficient of 100% can meet the removal rate of more than 99%. To further enhance the degradation rate of organics, the principles, implementation cases, and related equipment components of general enhancement technologies of supercritical water oxidation were discussed, such as fractional oxygen injection, auxiliary fuel co-oxidation, and hydrothermal flame-assisted degradation. This paper proposes a novel supercritical flame-assisted oxidation process in which the reactor performs preheating, corrosion protection, and desalination functions. The use of additive-enhanced oxidation, segmented oxidation, and supercritical hydrothermal flame-assisted oxidation has achieved good results in the complicated treatment process of brutal degradation of organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Yuanwang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jianna Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zheng Dai
- Xi'AN University of Science and Technology, College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Zicheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yishu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Distribution characteristics of salt crystals in a supercritical water fluidized bed reactor with CFD-PBM coupled model. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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3
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Xu D, Guo S, Jiang G, Guo Y, Jing Z. Sulfate corrosion and phosphate passivation of Ni-based alloy in supercritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Precipitation Behavior of Salts in Supercritical Water: Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercritical water desalination (SCWD) shows great potential in the treatment of high-salt wastewater with zero liquid discharge. To investigate the salt precipitation behavior and mechanism in supercritical water, experiments and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) were used to study the salting-out process of different salts in supercritical water. The equilibrium concentrations of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and Na2CO3 in supercritical water were experimentally measured. When the temperature exceeded 693 K, the salt equilibrium concentration measured in the experiment was less than 130 mg/L. The solubility decreased in the order of KCl > NaCl > CaCl2 > Na2SO4 > Na2CO3. To elucidate the effects of different cations and anions in supercritical water on salt dissolution and precipitation behavior, the potential energy, radial distribution function (RDF) and coordination number in the system were obtained via molecular dynamics simulation. Experimental and MD results showed that salt solubility has significant positive correlation with systemic potential energy and hydration number. MD results indicated that a small ionic radius, large ionic charge, and low hydration coordination number are favorable for inorganic salts to precipitate and crystallize since these factors can strengthen the interaction between free ions and salt clusters. Moreover, due to the formation of multilayer coordination structure, polyatomic ions can achieve a lower equilibrium concentration than that of the corresponding monatomic ions.
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Chen J, Meng T, Leng E, E J. Review on metal dissolution characteristics and harmful metals recovery from electronic wastes by supercritical water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127693. [PMID: 34799178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical water (SCW) technology can be applied as an efficient and environment-friendly method to recover toxic or complex chemical wastes. Separation and chemical reactions under supercritical conditions may be realized by changing the temperature, pressure, and other operating parameters to adjust the physical and chemical properties of water. However, salt deposition and corrosion are often encountered during the treatment of inorganic substances, which will hinder the commercial applications of SCW technology. The solubility of salt in high pressure/temperature water forms the theoretical basis for studying the recovery of metal salts in supercritical water and understanding salt deposition. Therefore, this work systematically and objectively reviews different research methods used to analyze salt solubility in high pressure/temperature water, including the experimental method, prediction theoretical modeling, and computer simulation method; the research status and existing data of this parameter are also analyzed. The purpose of this review is to provide ideas and references for follow-up research by providing a comprehensive overview of salt solubility research methods and the current situation. Suggestions for more efficient metal recovery through technology integration are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Chen
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Institute of New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Tian Meng
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Erwei Leng
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jiaqiang E
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Institute of New Energy and Energy-Saving & Emission-Reduction Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Chen Z, Zheng Z, He C, Chen H, Yang M, Xu Y. Precipitation of sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate during supercritical water oxidation/gasification of ethanol. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tow EW, Ersan MS, Kum S, Lee T, Speth TF, Owen C, Bellona C, Nadagouda MN, Mikelonis AM, Westerhoff P, Mysore C, Frenkel VS, deSilva V, Walker WS, Safulko AK, Ladner DA. Managing and treating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in membrane concentrates. AWWA WATER SCIENCE 2021; 3:1-23. [PMID: 34938982 PMCID: PMC8687045 DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are present in many waters, have detrimental impacts on human health and the environment. Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have shown excellent PFAS separation performance in water treatment; however, these membrane systems do not destroy PFAS but produce concentrated residual streams that need to be managed. Complete destruction of PFAS in RO and NF concentrate streams is ideal, but long-term sequestration strategies are also employed. Because no single technology is adequate for all situations, a range of processes are reviewed here that hold promise as components of treatment schemes for PFAS-laden membrane system concentrates. Attention is also given to relevant concentration processes because it is beneficial to reduce concentrate volume prior to PFAS destruction or sequestration. Given the costs and challenges of managing PFAS in membrane concentrates, it is critical to evaluate both established and emerging technologies in selecting processes for immediate use and continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Tow
- F. W. Olin College of Engineering, Needham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mahmut Selim Ersan
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Soyoon Kum
- David L. Hirschfeld Department of Engineering, Angelo State University, San Angelo, Texas, USA
| | - Tae Lee
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas F Speth
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Christopher Bellona
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anne M Mikelonis
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | - W Shane Walker
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Inland Desalination Systems (CIDS), Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT), University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew K Safulko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Ladner
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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Liu B, Ding X, Jiang Z, Wang B, Fang T. Research on the Solubilities of Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate Under Hydrothermal Conditions. J SOLUTION CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-020-01020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Feedstock-Dependent Phosphate Recovery in a Pilot-Scale Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Production. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae (Spirulina) and primary sewage sludge are considerable feedstocks for future fuel-producing biorefinery. These feedstocks have either a high fuel production potential (algae) or a particularly high appearance as waste (sludge). Both feedstocks bring high loads of nutrients (P, N) that must be addressed in sound biorefinery concepts that primarily target specific hydrocarbons, such as liquid fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which produces bio-crude oil that is ready for catalytic upgrading (e.g., for jet fuel), is a useful starting point for such an approach. As technology advances from small-scale batches to pilot-scale continuous operations, the aspect of nutrient recovery must be reconsidered. This research presents a full analysis of relevant nutrient flows between the product phases of HTL for the two aforementioned feedstocks on the basis of pilot-scale data. From a partial experimentally derived mass balance, initial strategies for recovering the most relevant nutrients (P, N) were developed and proofed in laboratory-scale. The experimental and theoretical data from the pilot and laboratory scales are combined to present the proof of concept and provide the first mass balances of an HTL-based biorefinery modular operation for producing fertilizer (struvite) as a value-added product.
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Xu T, Wang S, Tang X, Li Y, Yang J, Li J, Zhang Y. Corrosion Mechanism of Inconel 600 in Oxidizing Supercritical Aqueous Systems Containing Multiple Salts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shuzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xingying Tang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jianqiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jianna Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yishu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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Chen C, Zhu W, Wang C, Zhang H, Lin N. Transformation of phosphorus during sub- and supercritical water gasification of dewatered cyanobacteria and one-step phosphorus recovery. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Na 2 CO 3 and K 3 PO 4 solubility measurements at 30 MPa in near-critical and supercritical water using conductimetry and high pressure calorimetry. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Zhang H, Zhang X. Phase behavior and stabilization of phosphorus in sub- and supercritical water gasification of cyanobacteria. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu Q, Ding X, Du B, Fang T. Multi-Phase Equilibrium and Solubilities of Aromatic Compounds and Inorganic Compounds in Sub- and Supercritical Water: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:513-523. [PMID: 28665683 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1342528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), as a novel and efficient technology, has been applied to wastewater treatment processes. The use of phase equilibrium data to optimize process parameters can offer a theoretical guidance for designing SCWO processes and reducing the equipment and operating costs. In this work, high-pressure phase equilibrium data for aromatic compounds+water systems and inorganic compounds+water systems are given. Moreover, thermodynamic models, equations of state (EOS) and empirical and semi-empirical approaches are summarized and evaluated. This paper also lists the existing problems of multi-phase equilibria and solubility studies on aromatic compounds and inorganic compounds in sub- and supercritical water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinli Liu
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Xin Ding
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Bowen Du
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Tao Fang
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P.R. China
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Voisin T, Erriguible A, Ballenghien D, Mateos D, Kunegel A, Cansell F, Aymonier C. Solubility of inorganic salts in sub- and supercritical hydrothermal environment: Application to SCWO processes. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wang X, Wan Y, Hu W, Chou IM, Cai S, Lin N, Zhu Q, Li Z. Visual and in situ Raman spectroscopic observations of the liquid–liquid immiscibility in aqueous uranyl sulfate solutions at temperatures up to 420°C. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Elsayed S, Boukis N, Patzelt D, Hindersin S, Kerner M, Sauer J. Gasification of Microalgae Using Supercritical Water and the Potential of Effluent Recycling. Chem Eng Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Accelerated degradation of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite materials for recycling applications. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Reimer J, Vogel F. High pressure differential scanning calorimetry of the hydrothermal salt solutions K2SO4–Na2SO4–H2O and K2HPO4–H2O. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Bermejo M, Jiménez C, Cabeza P, Matías-Gago A, Cocero M. Experimental study of hydrothermal flames formation using a tubular injector in a refrigerated reaction chamber. Influence of the operational and geometrical parameters. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Pan Z, Dong Z. Determination of Chlorobenzene Solubilities in Subcritical Water in a Fused Silica Capillary Reactor from 173 to 267 °C. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200754g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Pan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Dong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, P.R. China
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