1
|
Singh SK, Shrivastava S, Mishra AK, Kumar D, Pandey VK, Srivastava P, Pradhan B, Behera BC, Bahuguna A, Baek KH. Friedelin: Structure, Biosynthesis, Extraction, and Its Potential Health Impact. Molecules 2023; 28:7760. [PMID: 38067489 PMCID: PMC10707989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies are investigating more source matrices for natural bioactive chemicals. Friedelin (friedelan-3-one) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from various plant species from different families as well as mosses and lichen. The fundamental compounds of these friedelane triterpenoids are abundantly found in cork tissues and leaf materials of diverse plant genera such as Celastraceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Myrtaceae. They possess many pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. Friedelin also has an anti-insect effect and the ability to alter the soil microbial ecology, making it vital to agriculture. Ultrasound, microwave, supercritical fluid, ionic liquid, and acid hydrolysis extract friedelin with reduced environmental impact. Recently, the high demand for friedelin has led to the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and gene overexpression plasmids to produce friedelin using genetically engineered yeast. Friedelin with low cytotoxicity to normal cells can be the best phytochemical for the drug of choice. The review summarizes the structural interpretation, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, quantification, and various forms of pharmacological significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India; (S.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Shweta Shrivastava
- School of Pharmacy, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India;
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Darshan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India; (S.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Vijay Kant Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Netaji Subhas University, Jamshedpur 831012, Jharkhand, India;
| | - Pratima Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India; (S.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Biswaranjan Pradhan
- S.K. Dash Centre of Excellence of Biosciences and Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India;
| | - Bikash Chandra Behera
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India;
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Quercus rotundifolia Bark as a Source of Polar Extracts: Structural and Chemical Characterization. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12091160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quercus rotundifolia bark was studied regarding anatomical, chemical, and antioxidant properties from trees in two sites in southern Portugal and are here reported for the first time. The general structure and anatomy of Q. rotundifolia bark showed a rhytidome with sequential undulated and anastomosed periderms with a small proportion of cork, while the phloem included broad rays with strong cell sclerification, groups of sclereids with embed large prismatic crystals, and abundant druses in parenchyma cells. The mean chemical composition was 15.5% ash, 1.6% dichloromethane extractives, 6.4% ethanol and 9.3% water extractives, 3.0% suberin, 30.5% total lignin, and 33.8% carbohydrates. Carbohydrates included mainly glucose (50.7% of total monomers) and xylose (23.8%), with uronic (3.0%) and acetic acids (1.0%). Suberin was mainly composed of ω-hydroxyacids (48.0% of all compounds) and α,ω-diacids (19.5%). The main compounds found in the lipophilic extracts were triterpenes (43.6%–56.2% of all compounds) and alkanoic acids (32.7%–41.7%). Phenolic content was high especially in the ethanol extracts, ranging from 219.5–572.9 mg GAE/g extract and comprising 162.5–247.5 CE/g extract of flavonoids and 41.2–294.1 CE/g extract of condensed tannins. The extracts revealed very good antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 4.4 µg ethanol extract/mL and 4.7 µg water extract/mL. Similar anatomical, chemical, and antioxidant characteristics were found in the bark from both sites. The high phenolic content and excellent antioxidant characteristics of polar extracts showed holm oak barks to be a promising natural source of antioxidants with possible use in industry and pharmaceutical/medical areas.
Collapse
|
3
|
de Melo M, Vieira P, Şen A, Pereira H, Portugal I, Silva C. Optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction of Quercus cerris cork towards extraction yield and selectivity to friedelin. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
4
|
Vieira PG, de Melo MM, Şen A, Simões MM, Portugal I, Pereira H, Silva CM. Quercus cerris extracts obtained by distinct separation methods and solvents: Total and friedelin extraction yields, and chemical similarity analysis by multidimensional scaling. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
5
|
Bio-inspired conformational lipophilization of wood for scCO2-assisted colouring with disperse dyes. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Viguera M, Prieto C, Casas J, Casas E, Cabañas A, Calvo L. The parameters that affect the supercritical extraction OF 2,4,6-trichloroanisol from cork. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Ferreira JPA, Miranda I, Sousa VB, Pereira H. Chemical composition of barks from Quercus faginea trees and characterization of their lipophilic and polar extracts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197135. [PMID: 29763441 PMCID: PMC5953466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bark from Quercus faginea mature trees from two sites was chemically characterized for the first time. The barks showed the following composition: ash 14.6%, total extractives 13.2%, suberin 2.9% and lignin 28.2%. The polysaccharides were composed mainly of glucose and xylose (50.3% and 35.1% of all monosaccharides respectively) with 4.8% of uronic acids. The suberin composition was: ω-hydroxyacids 46.3% of total compounds, ɑ,ω-alkanoic diacids 22.3%, alkanoic acids 5.9%, alkanols 6.7% and aromatics 6.9% (ferulic acid 4.0%). Polar extracts (ethanol-water) had a high phenolic content of 630.3 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of extract, condensed tannins 220.7 mg of catechin equivalents (CE)/g extract, and flavonoids 207.7 mg CE/g of extract. The antioxidant activity was very high corresponding to 1567 mg Trolox equivalents/g of extract, and an IC50 of 2.63 μg extract/ml. The lipophilic extracts were constituted mainly by glycerol and its derivatives (12.3% of all compounds), alkanoic acids (27.8%), sterols (11.5%) and triterpenes (17.8%). In view of an integrated valorization, Quercus faginea barks are interesting sources of polar compounds including phenols and polyphenols with possible interesting bioactivities, while the sterols and triterpenes contained in the lipophilic extracts are also valuable bioactive compounds or chemical intermediates for specific high-value market niches, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana P. A. Ferreira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabel Miranda
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vicelina B. Sousa
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Pereira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dubois J, Grau E, Tassaing T, Dumon M. On the CO 2 sorption and swelling of elastomers by supercritical CO 2 as studied by in situ high pressure FTIR microscopy. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
de Melo M, Şen A, Silvestre AJ, Pereira H, Silva CM. Experimental and modeling study of supercritical CO2 extraction of Quercus cerris cork: Influence of ethanol and particle size on extraction kinetics and selectivity to friedelin. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Measurement and modeling of supercritical fluid extraction curves of Eichhornia crassipes for enhanced stigmasterol production: Mechanistic insights of the process. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
11
|
Supercritical fluid extraction of sterols from Eichhornia crassipes biomass using pure and modified carbon dioxide. Enhancement of stigmasterol yield and extract concentration. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Martins PF, de Melo M, Silva C. Techno-economic optimization of the subcritical fluid extraction of oil from Moringa oleifera seeds and subsequent production of a purified sterols fraction. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|