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Manickaraj SSM, Pandiyarajan S, Liao AH, Ramanathan S, Baskaran G, Selvaraj M, A Assiri M, Chuang HC. Supercritical-CO 2 mediated preparation of porous carbon from Araucaria heterophylla biomass: A proficient nanomolar detection platform for phenolic water pollutant. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143050. [PMID: 39121967 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
4-aminophenol (AP), an aromatic phenolic compound, is commonly found in commercial products that eventually enter and pollute environmental water sources. The precise detection and quantification of AP in environmental samples are critical for comprehensively assessing contamination levels, safeguarding public health, and formulating effective remediation strategies. In the shed of light, this work proposes an electrochemical sensing platform for detecting and quantifying AP using Araucaria heterophylla biomass-derived activated carbon (AH-AC) prepared via the SC-CO2 pathway. To evaluate the significance of SC-CO2-mediated chemical activation (SC-AHAC), a comparative study with conventional activation methods (C-AHAC) was also conducted. The physical characterizations such as structural, morphological, optical, and elemental analysis demonstrate the greater ID/IG value and enhanced surface functionalities of SC-AHAC than C-AHAC. The obtained lower empirical factor (R) value of 1.89 for SC-AHAC suggests increased disorder and a higher presence of single-layer amorphous carbon compared to C-AHAC (2.03). In the electrochemical analysis, the active surface area of the SC-AHAC modified electrode (0.069 cm2) is higher than that of the C-AHAC modified electrode (0.061 cm2), demonstrating the significance of SC-CO2 activation. Further, the quantitative analysis on SC-AHAC@SPCE resulted in a sensitivity of 3.225 μA μM-1 cm-2 with the detection limit and quantification limit of 2.13 and 7.11 nM L-1, respectively, in the linear range of 0.01-582.5 μM L-1 at the oxidation potential of 0.13V. This suggests that the prepared SC-AHAC could be a promising electrocatalyst for AP detection in the environmental and healthcare sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobana Sebastin Mary Manickaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Sabarison Pandiyarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ho Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106335, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114201, Taiwan
| | - Subramanian Ramanathan
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Manickam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho-Chiao Chuang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan.
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Mottola S, Viscusi G, Belvedere R, Petrella A, De Marco I, Gorrasi G. Production of mono and bilayer devices for wound dressing by coupling of electrospinning and supercritical impregnation techniques. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124308. [PMID: 38848800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, electrospinning and supercritical impregnation were coupled to produce polyurethane fibrous membranes loaded with mesoglycan and lactoferrin. The proposed methodology allowed the production of three skin wound healing bilayer systems: a first system containing mesoglycan loaded through electrospinning and lactoferrin loaded by supercritical impregnation, a second system where the use of the two techniques was reversed, and a third sample where the drugs were both encapsulated through a one-step process. SEM analysis demonstrated the formation of microfibers with a homogeneous drug distribution. The highest loadings were 0.062 g/g for mesoglycan and 0.013 g/g for lactoferrin. Then, hydrophilicity and liquid retention analyses were carried out to evaluate the possibility of using the manufacturers as active patches. The kinetic profiles, obtained through in vitro tests conducted using a Franz diffusion cell, proved that the diffusion of the active drugs followed a double-step release before attaining the equilibrium after about 30 h. When the electrospun membranes were placed in contact with HUVEC, HaCaT, and BJ cell lines, as human endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, respectively, no cytotoxic events were assessed. Finally, the capacity of the most promising system to promote the healing process was performed by carrying out scratch tests on HaCat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mottola
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluca Viscusi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Iolanda De Marco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Gorrasi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy; Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Mottola S, Iannone G, Giordano M, González-Garcinuño Á, Jiménez A, Tabernero A, Martín Del Valle E, De Marco I. Supercritical impregnation of starch aerogels with quercetin: Fungistatic effect and release modelling with a compartmental model. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127406. [PMID: 37832612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes the use of supercritical CO2 to impregnate starch (potato and corn) aerogels with quercetin for a potential fungistatic application. Starch aerogels were successfully produced with supercritical drying, but different results were found depending on the amylose/amylopectin ratio. A higher amount of amylose increases aerogels' specific surface area (with a structure with nanofibrils and nodes) due to the linear and amorphous character of this polymer, whereas a higher amount of amylopectin decreases this property until values of only 25 m2·g-1, obtaining an aerogel with a rough surface. These results were explained with XRD, thermogravimetric, and rheological results (triple step with two temperature sweeps and a time sweep and steady state analysis) concerning hydrogel formation. In fact, retrogradation step plays a more important role in hydrogel formation for a starch source with a higher amount of amylopectin due to an increase in the different polymers' interactions. Supercritical impregnation of quercetin on the aerogels was successfully performed (a loading around 0.30 % with respect to the amount of polymer), and in vitro results indicated that the aerogels produced a fungistatic effect on different types of fungi, but only in the first 12 h because the microorganisms adapted to the surrounding environment. Finally, a compartmental model was used to fit the drug release, which is controlled by quercetin aqueous solubility, indicating the main mass transfer resistances (mass transfer through aerogels was always around 500 min-1 and dissolution process mass transfer from 5·10-3 to 1.65·10-3 s-1) and how an increase in the specific surface area of the aerogels (in the case of corn aerogel) provided a stronger initial burst (70-80 % in 20 min). In fact, this initial burst release was mathematically related to a parameter, that varies from 0.178 to 0.036 depending on the aerogel composition. This study shows that starch aerogels can be impregnated with a hydrophobic compound with fungistatic effect by using supercritical CO2, modifying in addition the drug release by changing the native starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mottola
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iannone
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Maria Giordano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Álvaro González-Garcinuño
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos s/n, Salamanca, SA 37008, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research, Hospital Virgen de la Vega, Paseo San Vicente 58-182, Salamanca, SA 37007, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- GIR - QUESCAT, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos s/n, Salamanca, SA 37008, Spain
| | - Antonio Tabernero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos s/n, Salamanca, SA 37008, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research, Hospital Virgen de la Vega, Paseo San Vicente 58-182, Salamanca, SA 37007, Spain.
| | - Eva Martín Del Valle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos s/n, Salamanca, SA 37008, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research, Hospital Virgen de la Vega, Paseo San Vicente 58-182, Salamanca, SA 37007, Spain
| | - Iolanda De Marco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy; Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy.
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García-Casas I, Montes A, de los Santos DM, Valor D, Pereyra C, de la Ossa EM. Generation of high-porosity cerium oxide nanoparticles and their functionalization with caryophyllene oxide using supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2023.105901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Ajiboye AL, Jacopin A, Mattern C, Nandi U, Hurt A, Trivedi V. Dissolution Improvement of Progesterone and Testosterone via Impregnation on Mesoporous Silica Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:302. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Progesterone (PRG) and testosterone (TST) were impregnated on mesoporous silica (ExP) particles via supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) processing at various pressures (10–18 MPa), temperatures (308.2–328.2 K), and time (30–360 min). The impact of a co-solvent on the impregnation was also studied at the best determined pressure and temperature. The properties of the drug embedded in silica particles were analysed via gas chromatography (GC), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and nitrogen adsorption. An impregnation of 1 to 82 mg/g for PRG and 0.1 to 16 mg/g for TST was obtained depending on the processing parameters. There was a significant effect of pressure, time, and co-solvent on the impregnation efficiency. Generally, an increase in time and pressure plus the use of co-solvent led to an improvement in drug adsorption. Conversely, a rise in temperature resulted in lower impregnation of both TST and PRG on ExP. There was a substantial increase in the dissolution rate (> 90% drug release within the first 2 min) of both TST and PRG impregnated in silica particles when compared to the unprocessed drugs. This dissolution enhancement was attributed to the amorphisation of both drugs due to their adsorption on mesoporous silica.
Graphical Abstract
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Carucci C, Sechi G, Piludu M, Monduzzi M, Salis A. A drug delivery system based on poly-L-lysine grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles for quercetin release. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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De Marco I. Supercritical Fluids and Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1449. [PMID: 36144072 PMCID: PMC9503529 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. Among the many techniques used to obtain nanoparticles, those based on supercritical fluids ensure reduced dimensions, narrow particle size distributions, and a very low or zero solvent residue in the powders. This review focuses on using supercritical carbon dioxide-based processes to obtain the nanoparticles of compounds used for the treatment or prevention of cancer. The scientific literature papers have been classified into two groups: nanoparticles consisting of a single active principle ingredient (API) and carrier/API nanopowders. Various supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) based techniques for obtaining the nanoparticles were considered, along with the operating conditions and advantages and disadvantages of each process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda De Marco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy;
- Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Fathi M, Sodeifian G, Sajadian SA. Experimental study of ketoconazole impregnation into polyvinyl pyrrolidone and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose using supercritical carbon dioxide: Process optimization. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Guamán-Balcázar MDC, Montes A, Valor D, Coronel Y, De los Santos DM, Pereyra C, Martínez de la Ossa EJ. Inclusion of Natural Antioxidants of Mango Leaves in Porous Ceramic Matrices by Supercritical CO 2 Impregnation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5934. [PMID: 36079317 PMCID: PMC9457324 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mango is one of the most important, medicinal tropical plants in the world from an economic point of view due to the presence of effective bioactive substances as co-products in its leaves. The aim of this work was to enhance the impregnation of natural antioxidants from mango leaves into a porous ceramic matrix. The effects of pressure, temperature, impregnation time, concentration of the extract and different porous silica on impregnation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were analyzed. The volume of the pressurized fluid extract and amount of porous ceramic matrix remained constant. The best impregnation conditions were obtained at 6 h, 300 bar, 60 mg/mL, 35 °C and with MSU-H porous silica. The results indicated that increasing the pressure, concentration of the extract and temperature during impregnation with phenolic compounds such as gallic acid and iriflophenone 3-C (2-O-p-hydroxybenzolyl)-β-D-glucoside increased the antioxidant activity and the amount of total phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Cisne Guamán-Balcázar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto sn, AP, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Antonio Montes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Diego Valor
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Yorky Coronel
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto sn, AP, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Desireé M. De los Santos
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Clara Pereyra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Enrique J. Martínez de la Ossa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, International Excellence Agrifood Campus (CeiA3), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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Application of Citrus By-Products in the Production of Active Food Packaging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040738. [PMID: 35453422 PMCID: PMC9028817 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some citrus by-products such as orange peel contains valuable compounds that could be recovered and restored into the food chain. In this study, an efficient valorization of orange peel has been investigated using green extraction, fractionation, and impregnation techniques. The first step included its extraction using CO2 and ethanol under different pressure (200–400 bar) and temperature (35–55 °C) conditions. The extracts obtained at 300 bar and 45 °C showed strong antioxidant with moderate antimicrobial activity. Then, the extract was subjected to a sequential fractionation process. The fraction obtained at 300 bar, 45 °C, and using 32% ethanol showed the strongest antioxidant and antimicrobial activity with a high extraction yield. Finally, the potential of the two best extracts (obtained at 400 bar and 45 °C before any fractionation and the fractions obtained at 300 bar, 45 °C using 32% ethanol) was determined by conducting an impregnation process to obtain an antioxidant food-grade rigid plastic that would preserve fresh food. The percentage of cosolvent (1 and 2% ethanol), the impregnation time (1 and 3 h), the pressure (200 and 400 bar), and the temperature (35 and 55 °C) were evaluated as variables of this process. The impregnated plastic showed good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
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Mass Transfer and Optical Properties of Active PET/PP Food-Grade Films Impregnated with Olive Leaf Extract. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010084. [PMID: 35012107 PMCID: PMC8747531 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI) technique was employed to incorporate, by batch- and semicontinuous-modes, bioactive olive leaf extract (OLE) into a food-grade multilayer polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene (PET/PP) film for active food packaging applications. The inclusion of OLE in the polymer surfaces significantly modified the colour properties of the film. A correlation of 87.06% between the CIELAB colour parameters and the amount of the OLE impregnated in the film was obtained which suggests that colour determination can be used as a rapid, non-destructive technique to estimate the OLE loading in the impregnated matrices. The UV barrier and water permeability properties of the films were not significantly modified by the incorporation of OLE. The migration of OLE into a 50% (v/v) ethanol food simulant demonstrated faster release of OLE from the PP surface than from the PET surface which may be due to the different interactions between OLE and each polymer.
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Valor D, Montes A, García-Casas I, Pereyra C, Martínez de la Ossa E. Supercritical solvent impregnation of alginate wound dressings with mango leaves extract. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Baldino L, González-Garcinuño Á, Tabernero A, Cardea S, Martín del Valle EM, Reverchon E. Production of fungistatic porous structures of cellulose acetate loaded with quercetin, using supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Production of drug-releasing biodegradable microporous scaffold impregnated with gemcitabine using a CO2 foaming process. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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The Effect of the Co‐Solvent on the Aerogel Formation Directly in Supercritical CO
2
Medium. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Supercritical impregnation of olive leaf extract to obtain bioactive films effective in cherry tomato preservation. Food Packag Shelf Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Foaming of Polycaprolactone and Its Impregnation with Quercetin Using Supercritical CO 2. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091390. [PMID: 31450780 PMCID: PMC6780592 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Foamed polycaprolactone impregnated with quercetin was carried out with a batch foaming technique using supercritical CO2. The experimental design was developed to study the influence of pressure (15–30 MPa), temperature (308–333 K), and depressurization rate (0.1–20) on the foam structure, melting temperature, and release tests of composites. The characterization of the experiments was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. It was observed that the porosity created in the polymer had a heterogeneous structure, as well as the impregnation of the quercetin during the process. On the other hand, controlled release tests showed a significant delay in the release of quercetin compared to commercial quercetin.
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