1
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Yu L, Yu Z, Yang L, Wen S, Zhang ZX. Development of thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer microcellular foam with high resilience: Effect of chain extension on foaming behavior and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Coatings Marine Chemical Research Institute Co. Ltd. 266100 Qingdao China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China
| | - Shibao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China
| | - Zhen Xiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber–Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology 266042 Qingdao China
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2
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Röpert MC, Hirschberg V, Schußmann MG, Wilhelm M. Impact of Topological Parameters on Melt Rheological Properties and Foamability of PS POM-POMs. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christin Röpert
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Valerian Hirschberg
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Max G. Schußmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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3
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Production and Application of Polymer Foams Employing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8905115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric foams have characteristics that make them attractive for different applications. However, some foaming methods rely on chemicals that are not environmentally friendly. One of the possibilities to tackle the environmental issue is to utilize supercritical carbon dioxide ScCO2 since it is a “green” solvent, thus facilitating a sustainable method of producing foams. ScCO2 is nontoxic, chemically inert, and soluble in molten plastic. It can act as a plasticizer, decreasing the viscosity of polymers according to temperature and pressure. Most foam processes can benefit from ScCO2 since the methods rely on nucleation, growth, and expansion mechanisms. Process considerations such as pretreatment, temperature, pressure, pressure drop, and diffusion time are relevant parameters for foaming. Other variables such as additives, fillers, and chain extenders also play a role in the foaming process. This review highlights the morphology, performance, and features of the foam produced with ScCO2, considering relevant aspects of replacing or introducing a novel foam. Recent findings related to foaming assisted by ScCO2 and how processing parameters influence the foam product are addressed. In addition, we discuss possible applications where foams have significant benefits. This review shows the recent progress and possibilities of ScCO2 in processing polymer foams.
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4
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Ranganathan P, Chen CW, Chou YL, Rwei SP, Ramaraj SK. Biomass chemical upcycling of waste rPET for the fabrication of formamide-free TPEE microcellular foams via scCO2 foaming. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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5
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Wang G, Liu J, Zhao J, Li S, Zhao G, Park CB. Structure-gradient thermoplastic polyurethane foams with enhanced resilience derived by microcellular foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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6
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Lu J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Ge Y, Liu T. Effect of chain relaxation on the shrinkage behavior of TPEE foams fabricated with supercritical CO2. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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7
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Xu Z, Wang G, Zhao J, Zhang A, Dong G, Zhao G. Anti-shrinkage, high-elastic, and strong thermoplastic polyester elastomer foams fabricated by microcellular foaming with CO2 & N2 as blowing agents. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Lu J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Ge Y, Liu T. Mechanical and rheological properties and CO2-foaming behavior of reactively modified TPEE with controlled chain entanglement. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Hu D, Xue K, Liu Z, Xu Z, Zhao L. The essential role of PBS on PBAT foaming under supercritical CO2 toward green engineering. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Extensional rheology and CO 2 foaming of thermoplastics vulcanizates: Influence of the crosslinking chemistry. J CELL PLAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x221080677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the ability of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) (materials based on PP/EPDM blend) to foam under CO2 batch conditions. The EPDM phase, which is dispersed into the PP phase, was dynamically crosslinked either by a phenolic resin (Resol) or by a radical peroxide (dicumyl peroxide). The results show an influence of the crosslinking chemistry on the extensional viscosity of the TPV. Regarding radical chemistry, the peroxide induces polypropylene degradation by β-scission reaction during the dynamic crosslinking process. As a result, the ability of the TPV to deform under extensional flow (Hencky deformation at break <0.5) is greatly reduced. On the contrary, the Resol-based TPV has demonstrated a non-linear viscosity behaviour (strain hardening) and a great ability to deform (Hencky deformation at break >1.5). This unexpected result for a non-homogeneous system can be explained by the confinement of the PP phase between EPDM nodules which gives to the PP chains a gel rheological behaviour. In addition, the influence of the addition of carbon black filler has also been studied. Finally, the relationship between extensional viscosity and physical foaming has been investigated. As for a homogeneous polymer, the extensional viscosity has been proved to be a key factor to estimate the foaming behaviour of complex systems like TPV. Hence, the importance of non-linear viscosity for a multi-phasic polymer to ensure foaming ability has been demonstrated.
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11
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Ma Y, Wen H, Xin C, He Y. Chain extension of thermoplastic polyamide elastomer and its foaming performance. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Ma
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Hui Wen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Chunling Xin
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Engineering Research Center for Polymer Processing Equipment Ministry of Education Beijing China
| | - Yadong He
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Engineering Research Center for Polymer Processing Equipment Ministry of Education Beijing China
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12
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Effect of the crystallization of modified polybutylene terephthalate on its foaming using supercritical CO2: Transition from microcellular to nanocellular foam. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Ling Y, Yao S, Chen Y, Hu D, Xi Z, Zhao L. Synergetic effect between curing reaction and CO2 diffusion for microcellular epoxy foam preparation in supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Li J, Chen G, Luo S, Pang H, Gao C, Huang S, Liu S, Qin S. Tuning the microstructure of
SMA
/
CPVC
membrane for enhanced separation performance by adjusting the coagulation bath temperature. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Guijing Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Huixia Pang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Chengtao Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Shaowen Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Shan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
- College of Materials and Energy Engineering Guizhou Institute of Technology Guiyang China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
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15
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Ranganathan P, Chen CW, Tasi MC, Rwei SP, Lee YH. Biomass Thermoplastic (Co)polyamide Elastomers Synthesized from a Fatty Dimer Acid: a Sustainable Route toward a New Era of Uniform and Bimodal Foams. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Ranganathan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road., Taipei 10608, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Wen Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road., Taipei 10608, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chung Tasi
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road., Taipei 10608, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Syang-Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road., Taipei 10608, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Huan Lee
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road., Taipei 10608, Taiwan, Republic of China
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16
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Li D, Chen Y, Yao S, Zhang H, Hu D, Zhao L. Insight into the Influence of Properties of Poly(Ethylene-co-octene) with Different Chain Structures on Their Cell Morphology and Dimensional Stability Foamed by Supercritical CO 2. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091494. [PMID: 34066553 PMCID: PMC8125328 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene-co-octene) (POE) elastomers with different copolymer compositions and molecular weight exhibit quite distinctive foaming behaviors and dimensional stability using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a blowing agent. As the octene content decreases from 16.54% to 4.48% with constant melting index of 1, both the melting point and crystallinity of POE increase, due to the increase in fraction of ethylene homo-polymerization segment. the foaming window of POE moves to a narrow higher temperature zone from 20–50 °C to 90–110 °C under 11 Mpa CO2 pressure, and CO2 solubility as well as CO2 desorption rate decrease, so that the average cell diameter becomes larger. POE foams with higher octene content have more serious shrinkage problem due to lower compression modulus, weaker crystal structure and higher CO2 permeability. As POE molecular weight increases at similar octene content, there is little effect on crystallization and CO2 diffusion behavior, the foaming window becomes wider and cell density increases, mainly owing to higher polymer melt strength, the volume shrinkage ratio of their foams is less than 20% because of similar higher polymer modulus. In addition, when the initiate expansion ratio is over 17 times, POE foams with longer and thinner cell wall structures are more prone to shrinkage and recovery during aging process, due to more bending deformation and less compression deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.L.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Yichong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.L.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Shun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.L.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.L.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Dongdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.L.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (D.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.L.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (D.H.)
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-64253175; Fax: +86-21-64253528
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17
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Evolution of cell morphology from sub-macroscale to nanoscale in modified thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer via supercritical CO2 foaming. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chul B. Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Liu B, Jiang T, Zeng X, Deng R, Gu J, Gong W, He L. Polypropylene/thermoplastic polyester elastomer blend: Crystallization properties, rheological behavior, and foaming performance. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bujin Liu
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Tuanhui Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Xiangbu Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Rong Deng
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Jun Gu
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Wei Gong
- The Institute of Materials and Construction of Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China
| | - Li He
- The Institute of Materials and Metallurgy of Guizhou University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
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20
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Chen G, Yang Y, Kang D, Qin Q, Jin J, Shao H, Qin S. Enhanced performances of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) ultrafiltration membranes by styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Tutek K, Masek A, Kosmalska A, Cichosz S. Application of Fluids in Supercritical Conditions in the Polymer Industry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:729. [PMID: 33673482 PMCID: PMC7956827 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the use of fluids under supercritical conditions in processes related to the modern and innovative polymer industry. The most important processes using supercritical fluids are: extraction, particle formation, micronization, encapsulation, impregnation, polymerization and foaming. This review article briefly describes and characterizes the individual processes, with a focus on extraction, micronization, particle formation and encapsulation. The methods mentioned focus on modifications in the scope of conducting processes in a more ecological manner and showing higher quality efficiency. Nowadays, due to the growing trend of ecological solutions in the chemical industry, we see more and more advanced technological solutions. Less toxic fluids under supercritical conditions can be used as an ecological alternative to organic solvents widely used in the polymer industry. The use of supercritical conditions to conduct these processes creates new opportunities for obtaining materials and products with specialized applications, in particular in the medical, pharmacological, cosmetic and food industries, based on substances of natural sources. The considerations contained in this article are intended to increase the awareness of the need to change the existing techniques. In particular, the importance of using supercritical fluids in more industrial methods and for the development of already known processes, as well as creating new solutions with their use, should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Tutek
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Masek
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Kosmalska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Stefan Cichosz
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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22
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Wang W, Liao X, He Y, Li J, Jiang Q, Li G. Thermoplastic polyurethane/polytetrafluoroethylene composite foams with enhanced mechanical properties and anti-shrinkage capability fabricated with supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Yao S, Guo T, Liu T, Xi Z, Xu Z, Zhao L. Good extrusion foaming performance of long‐chain branched
PET
induced by its enhanced crystallization property. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Tianhao Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Tao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhenhao Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhimei Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi China
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24
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Jiang R, Liu T, Xu Z, Park CB, Zhao L. Improving the Continuous Microcellular Extrusion Foaming Ability with Supercritical CO 2 of Thermoplastic Polyether Ester Elastomer through In-Situ Fibrillation of Polytetrafluoroethylene. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1983. [PMID: 31810168 PMCID: PMC6960977 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In-situ fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) enhanced nanocomposites were successfully prepared by mixing thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer (TPEE) and PTFE using a twin-screw extruder. Well-dispersed, long aspect ratio PTFE nanofibrils with a diameter of less than 200 nm were generated and interwoven into networks. Differential scanning calorimetry and in-situ polarized optical microscopy showed that the PTFE nanofibrils can greatly accelerate and promote crystallization of the TPEE matrix and the crystallization temperature can be increased by 6 °C. Both shearing and elongational rheometry results confirmed that the introduction of PTFE nanofibrils can significantly improve the rheological properties. The remarkable changes in the strain-hardening effect and the melt viscoelastic response, as well as the promoted crystallization, led to substantially improved foaming behavior in the continuous extrusion process using supercritical CO2 as the blowing agent. The existing PTFE nanofibrils dramatically decreased the cell diameter and increased cell density, together with a higher expansion ratio and more uniform cell structure. The sample with 5% PTFE fibrils showed the best foaming ability, with an average diameter of 10.4-14.7 μm, an expansion ratio of 9.5-12.3 and a cell density of 6.6 × 107-8.6 × 107 cells/cm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (R.J.); (T.L.); (Z.X.)
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada;
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (R.J.); (T.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhimei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (R.J.); (T.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Chul B. Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada;
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (R.J.); (T.L.); (Z.X.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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25
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Ge Y, Lu J, Liu T. Analysis of bubble coalescence and determination of the bubble radius for long‐chain branched poly(ethylene terephthalate) melt foaming with a pressure balanced bubble‐growth model. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai People's Republic of China
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26
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Jiang R, Chen Y, Yao S, Liu T, Xu Z, Park CB, Zhao L. Preparation and characterization of high melt strength thermoplastic polyester elastomer with different topological structure using a two-step functional group reaction. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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