Supercritical CO2 extraction of compounds from different aerial parts of Senecio brasiliensis: Mathematical modeling and effects of parameters on extract quality

Vacuum differential mobility spectrometry combined with column-switching liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry for the analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in tea samples

The benefit of combining liquid chromatography (LC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and vacuum Differential Mobility Spectrometry - Mass Spectrometry (vDMS-MS) was investigated for the analysis of fourteen diastereomeric pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA); intermedine, echinatine, lycopsamine, indicine, intermedine-N-oxide, echinatine-N-oxide, indicine-N-oxide, lycopsamine-N-oxide, senecivernine, senecionine, jacobine, senecivernine-N-oxide, senecionine-N-oxide, retrorsine. The mobile phase composition (15-100% MeOH and ACN), flow rate (8-100 µL/min), vDMS cell pressure, and F value showed an effect on the mobility behavior of the analytes. At 15% MeOH with a flow rate of 100 µL/min and 33 mbar vDMS pressure, 8 out 14 PA could be partially or totally separated by vDMS-MS. As well as providing an additional separation dimension vDMS improved the selectivity and a 5-minute assay method was developed for the quantification of 10 out of 14 single diastereomeric PA in tea samples, using a short LC column-switching and hyphenated to vDMS-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. The performance of the method was found to be comparable with a 12-minute standard LC-MS/MS method using detection in the selected reaction monitoring mode. Additionally, the combination of vDMS and SFC-MS was investigated and suggests that the mixture of CO2/MeOH influences the CV shifting of the PA to more negative compensation voltage, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by a factor of three compared to SFC-MS without vDMS.

Improved Sustainability in Wine Industry Byproducts: A Scale-up and Economical Feasibility Study for High-Value Compounds Extraction Using Modified SC-CO2

The objective of the present work was to optimize the operating conditions (P, T cosolvent %) and to study the scale-up and the feasibility of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process for polyphenols from grape pomace, the main solid byproduct of the wine industry. Pilot-scale equipment (1 L extraction vessel) was used to study the scale-up prediction for extraction vessels of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 L capacity. The adopted scale-up criteria consisted of maintaining and keeping constant the solvent mass-to-feed mass ratio and the bed geometry dimension. The results indicated an excellent predictive level obtained by Sovová's model and success of the adopted scale-up criteria. At industrial scale, yields were close to 2.3 g_GAE/100 g_DM, a value obtained using the pilot-scale equipment. High concentrations of high-added-value phenols such as cis-resveratrol glucoside, cis-coutaric acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, quercetin, and proanthocyanidins were found in the extract. An economic evaluation of the process indicated the feasibility of an industrial SFE plant with a capacity of 500 L for producing in 60 min an extract with an expected phenolics' concentration of approximately 133 g_GAE/kg _extract at an estimated 67€ /kg_extract cost of manufacturing. Notably, all values are better than those currently reported in the literature.

Extraction of bioactive compounds from Senecio brasiliensis using emergent technologies

Several plant species synthesize biologically active secondary metabolites. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are a large group of biotoxins produced by thousands of plant species to protect against the attack of insects and herbivores, but they are highly toxic for humans and animals. In this study, extracts from the aerial part of Senecio brasiliensis were obtained using different technologies: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG). The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these technologies for the extraction of chemical compounds found in this plant, focusing on two pyrrolizidine alkaloids: integerrimine and senecionine. Influential parameters on yield and chemical composition were also evaluated: for UAE and MHG, temperature and pressure; for PLE, temperature, and percentage of ethanol. All the extraction techniques were efficient for the extraction of integerrimine and senecionine. The UAE and PLE stood out for the higher yields and number of compounds. The PLE presented a maximum yield of 18.63% for the matrix leaf and the UAE a maximum yield of 11.82% for the same matrix. These two techniques also stood out in terms of the number of compounds, once 36 different compounds were found via PLE and 17 via UAE.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02845-1.