1
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Du M, Xie A, Wei W, Liu S, Chen Y, Guo L. Directional transformation and migration pathways of nitrogen during pig manure supercritical water gasification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130256. [PMID: 38145762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a valuable nutrient element in pig manure. This work focuses on investigating the distribution, directional transformation, and migration pathways to facilitate the recovery of nitrogen from supercritical water gasification products. Results indicated that no nitrogen-containing gas was detected and 12.65 % of nitrogen remained in solid products. 82.49 % of nitrogen migrated into liquid products, which are predominated by ammonia. Catalysts were employed to promote the conversion of solid nitrogen to liquid nitrogen and organic nitrogen to ammonia. Finally, 85 % of nitrogen is enriched into liquid products and ammonia predominated the liquid nitrogen. The percentage of ammonia increased to 97.51 % at 620 °C in the presence of potassium carbonate. The migration pathways indicated that nitrogen was transformed into ammonia by various intermediates such as indole. The rest of the nitrogen remained in solid products with stable quaternary-nitrogen. These findings provide valuable insights into nitrogen management and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Anlan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Wenwen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yunan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Liejin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
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2
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Chen R, Dai X, Dong B. Two birds with one stone: The multiple roles of hydrothermal treatment in dewatering municipal sludge and producing value-added products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165072. [PMID: 37364842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Sludge dewatering and resource recovery are key steps in the sustainable treatment of municipal sludge (MS) owing to the high levels of moisture and nutrients. Among the treatment options available, hydrothermal treatment (HT) is promising to efficiently improve dewaterability and recover biofuels, nutrients, and materials from MS. However, hydrothermal conversion at different HT conditions generates multiple products. Integrating the characteristics of dewaterability and value-added products under different HT conditions facilitates the application of HT for the sustainable management of MS. Therefore, a comprehensive review of HT for its multiple roles in MS dewatering and value-added resource recovery is conducted. First, the impact of HT temperature on sludge dewaterability and key mechanisms are summarized. Then, this study elucidates the characteristics of biofuels produced (combustible gases, hydrochars, biocrudes, and H2-rich gases), nutrient recovery (proteins and phosphorus), and value-added materials under a wide range of HT conditions. Importantly, along with the integration and evaluation of HT product characteristics under different HT temperatures, this work proposes a conceptual sludge treatment system that integrates the different value-added products in different HT stages. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of the knowledge gaps in the HT for sludge deep dewatering, biofuels, nutrients, and materials recovery is provided along with recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, PR China.
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3
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The challenge of nitrogen compounds in hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. J Supercrit Fluids 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2023.105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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4
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Shan G, Li W, Zhou Y, Bao S, Zhu L, Tan W. Effects of persulfate-assisted hydrothermal treatment of municipal sludge on aqueous phase characteristics and phytotoxicity. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:163-173. [PMID: 36503745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal technology (HT) has received much attention in recent years as a process to convert wet organic waste into hydrochar. The aqueous phase (HTAP) produced by this process is still a burden and has become a bottleneck issue for HT process development. In this study, we provide the first investigation of the HTAP characteristics, phytotoxicity, and their correlation with persulfate (PS) (PS, 2.0 mmol/g TS)-assisted municipal sludge HT. The results showed that PS accelerated the hydrolysis of protein substances and increased the concentration of NH4+ by 13.4% to 190.5% and that of PO43- by 24.2% to 1103.7% in HTAP at hydrothermal temperatures of 120 to 240 °C. PS can reduce the phytotoxicity of HTAP by reducing aldehydes, ketones, N heterocyclic compounds, and particle size and by increasing its humification index. The maximum values of the root length and biomass of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) seedlings occurred when electrical conductivity was 0.2 mS/cm of HTAP. This work provided a new strategy for the selection and design of HTAP management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shanshan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin of Ministry of Water Resources (Under Construction), Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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5
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Song H, Yang T, Li B, Tong Y, Li R. Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge into biocrude: Effect of aqueous phase recycling on energy recovery and pollution mitigation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119278. [PMID: 36323207 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sewage sludge is facing the challenges of low biocrude yield, a large number of intractable aqueous phase and heavy metals pollution. In this study, the aqueous phase produced by HTL was recycled as solvent with an aim to improve the biocrude yield and mitigate potential pollution. Results showed that the recycling of aqueous phase increased the biocrude yield from 17.9 to 30.5% and the energy recovery ratio from 40.3 to 61.7%. The recycling could increase the contents of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr in solid residues by 2.7-3.0 times. It is worth emphasizing that the recycling reduced the COD of aqueous phase by 24.9%. However, the enhanced protein hydrolysis process reduced the calorific value of biocrude from 36.4 to 28.5 MJ/kg, and promoted the migration of the nitrogen to the aqueous phase, which was not environmentally favourable for the direct usage in diesel engines. Analysis showed that the ketones and the phenols in aqueous phase participated in HTL process as reactants, and the acids promoted the hydrolysis of protein in the sludge. Overall, the recycling of aqueous phase effectively improved the energy recovery and alleviated pollution of the sludge HTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Song
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, China
| | - Tianhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, China.
| | - Bingshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, China
| | - Rundong Li
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy of Liaoning, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110136, China.
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6
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Guo D, Wang Y, Gao Y, Lyu Y, Lin Y, Pan Y, Zhu L, Zhu Y. Nitrogen migration in products during the microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of spirulina platensis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:126968. [PMID: 35276372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen has a vital influence on the properties of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization (MHTC) products of Spirulina platensis (SP). The effects of hydrothermal temperature (140-220 °C) and time (1-4 h) on the product distribution and nitrogen migration of SP in MHTC were studied. Increasing temperature led to an increase in the carbon content, and a decrease in the nitrogen content in hydrochar. Protein-N was the major nitrogen-containing species in hydrochar. The total nitrogen in liquid phase increased significantly with increasing temperature. Carbon dots were found to be one of the valuable products in the liquid phase. Higher temperatures improved the amine-N level and reduced the quaternary-N content in carbon dots. A close correspondence was found between the N-containing species and the luminescence centers of carbon dots. A possible nitrogen migration mechanism was proposed to provide guidance for the potential application of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Guo
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yuang Wang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Ying Gao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Yinong Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yunhao Lin
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yueshen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yuezhao Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
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7
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Wang X, Shen Y, Liu X, Ma T, Wu J, Qi G. Fly ash and H 2O 2 assisted hydrothermal carbonization for improving the nitrogen and sulfur removal from sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133209. [PMID: 34896175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fly ash and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was used to improve the removal efficiency of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) from sewage sludge (SS). The removal rate and distribution of N and S in hydrochar were evaluated, and properties of the aqueous phase were analyzed to illustrate the N and S transformation mechanism during fly ash and H2O2 assisted HTC treatment of SS. The results suggested that during HTC process assisted by fly ash (10% of raw SS), dehydration, decarboxylation and hydrolysis of SS were strengthened due to the catalysis effect. The N and S removal were promoted marginally. For hydrochar achieved from HTC process with H2O2 addition, the N and S removal were improved slightly due to the biopolymer oxidization by ‧OH released from H2O2 decomposition. While for HTC treatment with fly ash and H2O2 supplementation, a positive synergistic effect on N and S removal was observed. The N and S removal obtained from fly ash (10% of raw SS) and H2O2 (48 g/L) assisted HTC increased to 81.71% and 62.83%, respectively, from those of 69.53% and 49.92% in control group. N and S removal mechanism analysis suggested that hydroxyl radicals (‧OH) produced by H2O2 decomposition will destroy SS structure, and the biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins will be decomposed to release N and S into the liquid residue. In addition, the fly ash acts as the catalyst will decrease the energy need for denification and desulfartion. Consequently, N and S removal efficiency was enhanced by fly ash and H2O2 assisted HTC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Yu Shen
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400069, China
| | - Xuecheng Liu
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400069, China; Environmental Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Environmental Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Gaoxiang Qi
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China; Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400069, China.
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8
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Lu J, Watson J, Liu Z, Wu Y. Elemental migration and transformation during hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126961. [PMID: 34461542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, energy and environmental crises have worsened due to the excessive consumption of fossil fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology for sustainable biocrude production from biomass. However, elemental migration and transformation during HTL of biomass have only received scant attention to date. Understanding the transformation mechanism is beneficial for downstream biocrude upgrading and by-products utilization for the future industrialization of HTL. In this paper, biomass is grouped into six categories: microalgae, macroalgae, lignocellulose, food waste, manure, and sludge. The biochemical composition and HTL product distribution of six kinds of biomass are compared. The conversion process of the biomacromolecules (including lipids, proteins, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and the interactions between them are also reported. Furthermore, the distribution of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and inorganic elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, etc.) in the HTL products is summarized, and the transformation of the organic and inorganic elements during HTL of biomass is explored. Finally, outlooks for the HTL of biomass are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Lu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jamison Watson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
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9
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Zhang Z, Yang J, Li L, Qian J, Zhao Y, Wang T. Nitrogen distribution and evolution during persulfate assisted hydrothermal carbonization of spirulina. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125980. [PMID: 34583113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, persulfate was used during hydrothermal processing of spirulina (160℃-220℃) for enhancement of nitrogen conversion. The nitrogen distribution in aqueous phase, hydrochar and biocrude-oil was evaluated, and the elemental composition and chemical forms of hydrochar were investigated. Results suggested that the addition of persulfate during hydrothermal processing of spirulina increased the atomic N/O of hydrochar for 1.2%-2.4%, whereas the NH4+-N concentration in liquid phase increased by approximately 67-155 mg/L regardless of temperature, suggesting that the persulfate could facilitate the organic nitrogen degradation and protein deamination. The N1s XPS analysis indicated that the protein-N, pyrrole-N, and inorganic-N ratio in spirulina were decreased, while more pyridine-N in hydrochar was formed, suggesting that more stable N forms were generated. In addition, the elementary composition also showed that more N was formed on the surface of hydrochar instead of the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Limei Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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10
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Tong Y, Yang T, Li B, Kai X, Li R. Two-stage liquefaction of sewage sludge in methanol-water mixed solvents with low-medium temperature. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Yang J, Hong C, Xing Y, Zheng Z, Li Z, Zhao X, Qi C. Research progress and hot spots of hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production based on bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7621-7635. [PMID: 33398733 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass used HTL reaction under high temperature and pressure to produce bio-oil. This technology is considered as one of the most promising converting technology of biomass to biofuels. This paper summarized current research developments of HTL for bio-oil and analyzed its reaction mechanism and influencing factors based on bibliometric analysis. The results showed that reaction conditions and catalyst have been still global researching focuses about HTL. Compared with homogeneous catalysts, the study of HTL by using heterogeneous catalyst developed more quickly. With promotion of resource recovering, food waste, sludge, and other organic waste can also be used as raw materials for HTL for bio-oil now. The structure of this paper was shown in graphic abstract. Firstly, bibliometric analysis was conducted on hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production. According to the emergency frequency of key words, catalyst, microalgae, reaction conditions, and biomass waste as raw material for hydrothermal liquefaction were determined as four parts of the paper. Finally, we speculated the development trend of hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chen Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yi Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zaixing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Xiumei Zhao
- North China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050015, China
| | - Chenhao Qi
- Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin, 301830, China
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12
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Li Y, Hong C, Li Z, Xing Y, Chang X, Zheng Z, Zhao X. Study on the nitrogen migration mechanism during penicillin fermentation residue fast pyrolysis based on the substance transformation and canonical variational theory. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139739. [PMID: 32512303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic fermentation residue (AR) is not only a kind of hazardous waste, but also a biomass resource that rich in organic matter. The fast pyrolysis of penicillin fermentation residue (PR) and the model compounds was performed in this study. In PR bio-char, protein nitrogen was mainly converted into pyrrole nitrogen and pyridine nitrogen. When the temperature exceeded 500 °C, pyridine nitrogen further converted into quaternary nitrogen. NH3, HCN and HNCO were the main nitrogen-containing compounds in the PR fast pyrolysis gas, among which HNCO was mainly the decomposition product of 2,5-piperazinedione (DKP). The yield of PR bio-oil reached 33.1 wt%, and the content of nitrogen was 8.9 wt% at 600 °C. It was found that the decomposition of glutamic acid and aspartic acid resulted in the formation of several cycloamides in PR bio-oil. The decomposition of histidine led to the formation of imidazole and aromatic imidazole. The reaction rate constants in the pathways of DKP decomposition were evaluated by the canonical variational theory (CVT). It was indicated that the pathway of HNCO formation has the highest reaction rate in the PR fast pyrolysis ranging from 400 °C to 700 °C. The DKPs that existed in PR bio-oil were mainly the molecules produced by the condensation between proline and another amino acid, which due to the inhibition of HCNO formation by the proline R-group. With the increase of temperature, the rapid increase in the rate constant of dehydrogenation promoted the formation of indole from aromatic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Hong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zaixing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaonan Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiumei Zhao
- North China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050015, China
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13
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N Evolution and Physiochemical Structure Changes in Chars during Co-Pyrolysis: Effects of Abundance of Glucose in Fiberboard. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13195105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The simple incineration of wood-based panels (WBPs) waste generates a significant amount of NOx, which has led to urgency in developing a new method for treating the N-containing biomass residues. This work aims to examine the N evolution and physiochemical structural changes during the co-pyrolysis of fiberboard and glucose, where the percentage of glucose in the feedstock was varied from 0% to 70%. It was found that N retention in chars was monotonically increased with increasing use of glucose, achieving ~60% N fixation when the glucose accounted for 70% in the mixture. Pyrrole-N (N-5) and Pyridine-N (N-6) were preferentially formed at high ratios of glucose to fiberboard. While the relevant importance of volatile–char interactions to N retention and transformation could be observed, the volatile–volatile reactions from the two feedstocks played a vital role in the increase in abundance of glucose. With the introduction of glucose, the porous structure and porosity in chars from the co-pyrolysis were dramatically altered, whereas the devolatilization of glucose tended to generate larger pores than the fiberboard. The insignificant changes in carbon structure of all chars revealed by Raman spectroscopy would practically allow us to apply the monosaccharides to the WBPs for regulating N evolution without concerns about its side effects for char carbon structures.
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