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E-cadherin Expression in Canine Gastric Carcinomas: Association with Clinicopathological Parameters. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040172. [PMID: 35448670 PMCID: PMC9027758 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin (E-cad) is a cell-adhesion molecule known for its tumor-invasion suppressor function. E-cad expression was examined immunohistochemically in a series of canine tissue samples, including normal gastric mucosa (NGM; n = 3), gastric carcinomas (GC; n = 33), adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa (NNM; n = 32), neoplastic emboli (n = 16) and metastatic lesions (n = 9). The relationship between E-cad expression and clinicopathological features were investigated. In NGM, epithelial cells showed strong latero-lateral membranous expression of E-cad, and this pattern was considered normal. The membranous staining was preserved in all specimens of NNM (100%), whereas abnormal E-cad expression was found in 87.9% of the GCs. A marked difference in E-cad expression was observed between normal and malignant tissues (p < 0.0002). Abnormal E-cad expression was significantly more frequent in poorly/undifferentiated carcinomas (96%) and diffuse (95%) and indeterminate carcinomas (100%) than in well-differentiated/intestinal ones (62.5%; p = 0.0115 and p = 0.0392, respectively). There was significant association between abnormal E-cad expression and the depth of invasion (p = 0.0117), and the presence neoplastic emboli (p = 0.0194). No statistically significant differences in E-cad expression were observed concerning tumor location, histological type according to WHO classification, and presence of metastatic lesions. Therefore, deregulation of E-cad expression may play a role in canine gastric carcinogenesis and in tumor progression; moreover, it might be a prognostic tool for canine gastric cancer.
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De Scalzi AM, Bonanni B, Galimberti V, Veronesi P, Pravettoni G, Corso G. E-cadherin germline mutations in Māori population. Future Oncol 2019; 15:1291-1294. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Genetics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Galimberti
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corso
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
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Polom K, Marrelli D, Voglino C, Roviello G, De Franco L, Vindigni C, Generali D, Roviello F. Familial aggregation of gastric cancer with microsatellite instability. Acta Chir Belg 2018; 118:287-293. [PMID: 30071769 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2017.1379789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsatellite instability (MSI) is currently a new molecular subtype of gastric cancer (GC). About 90% of GC cases appear sporadically. MSI seems to be responsible for both sporadic and familial GC. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of MSI in GC with familial history of GC. METHODS The MSI analysis was conducted using five quasi-monomorphic mononucleotide repeats: BAT-26, BAT-25, NR-24, NR-21 and NR-27. From our database, we analyzed 457 patients in terms of cancer history across family members, particularly focusing on GC. RESULTS MSI status in patients without familial history of GC was present in 22.1% of the cases, whereas in the patients with familial history of GC it was present in 28% of the cases (p = 0.220). For 1st or 2nd degree family members with GC, MSI was observed in 27.6% and in 30.8%, respectively (p = 0.812). MSI was observed in hereditary gastric cancer (HGC) in 33.3% and in familial gastric cancer (FGC) in 30%. No difference in survival rates was observed between the analyzed groups. CONCLUSIONS In our publication, we could not find any link between familial background and the MSI status in GC patients. More detailed molecular and genetic analysis of subgroups of these patients is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Polom
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Daniele Marrelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Costantino Voglino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Franco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Vindigni
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Kusafuka K, Kawasaki T, Maeda M, Yamanegi K, Baba S, Ito Y, Inagaki H, Nakajima T. Salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features: a salivary counterpart of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast. Histopathology 2016; 70:164-173. [PMID: 27079821 DOI: 10.1111/his.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical characteristics of nine cases of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) with rhabdoid features (SDCRF), representing a new, extremely rare type of salivary gland malignancy. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 2511 cases of salivary gland tumour, clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically. The incidence of SDCRF was 0.4%. Eight patients were male. The age of patients ranged from 36 years to 85 years (mean, 61 years). SDC arose from the parotid glands and submandibular gland in six and three cases, respectively. Seven cases appeared as a carcinoma component of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma cases. Six patients died of disease. Histologically, diffuse proliferations of non-coherent large ovoid or polygonal carcinoma cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei were observed in all cases; such cytological characteristics were defined as 'rhabdoid features'. Immunohistochemically, all cases were positive for cytokeratin, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, androgen receptor, and SMARCB1, seven cases were positive for HER2, and two cases were positive for epidermal growth factor receptor. However, all cases were negative for vimentin and myoepithelial markers. Eight cases showed no or aberrant expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin. The results suggest that SDCRF is an extremely rare subtype of SDC, and not a sarcomatoid variant of SDC. SDCRF is histologically unique, and is positive for SDC markers but negative for vimentin, unlike rhabdoid-type carcinomas arising from other organs. CONCLUSIONS The morphogenesis of SDCRF is related to no or aberrant expression of cell-cell adhesion molecules. Therefore, SDCRF could be a salivary counterpart to pleomorphic lobular breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takuya Kawasaki
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Centre, Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Matsuyoshi Maeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanegi
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Ito
- Department of Anatomical Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Anatomical Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakajima
- Pathology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Centre, Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
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Li XW, Shi BY, Yang QL, Wu J, Wu HM, Wang YF, Wu ZJ, Fan YM, Wang YP. Epigenetic regulation of CDH1 exon 8 alternative splicing in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:954. [PMID: 26674321 PMCID: PMC4682244 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor suppressor gene CDH1 is critical for intercellular adhesion. In our previous work, we reported a nonfunctional CDH1 transcript that lacks the final 83 base pairs of exon 8 (1054del83). In this work, we probed the role of histone epigenetic modifications as well as DNA methylation in selection of this isoform. Methods RT-qPCR was used to detect CDH1 RNA expression. Methylation of CDH1 was analyzed by bisulphite sequencing PCR. ChIP assay was performed to show histones level. Cell lines were treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor AZA, HDAC inhibitor TSA, or siRNA oligonucleotides to test regulation of CDH1 splicing. Results Greater CDH1 1054del83 transcripts were observed in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines than human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line GES-1. All the cell lines showed significant methylation pattern at the CpG sites of CDH1 exon 8. AZA treatment did not influence selection of 1054del83 transcripts. A significant decrease in acetylation for histones H3 and H4K16Ac in an internal region of the CDH1 gene surrounding the alternative exon 8 were detected in GC cell lines. Treatment with TSA preferentially expressed the correctly spliced transcript and not the exon 8 skipped aberrant transcripts, showing that histone acetylation was involved in the splicing regulation. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of SETD2 (The specific methyltransferase of H3K36) decreased exclusion of exon 8, suggesting that the presence of this mark correlates with increased skipping of the final 83 base pairs of CDH1 exon 8. However, CDH1 splicing was not affected by SRSF2 knockdown. Conclusions H3K36me3 correlates with increased skipping of the final 83 base pairs of CDH1 exon 8. Histone acetylation was involved in the splicing regulation as well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1983-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Bing-Yu Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Qing-Lan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Hui-Min Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Zhi-Jiao Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yi-Mei Fan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Haverkamp L, van der Sluis P, Ausems M, van der Horst S, Siersema P, Ruurda J, Offerhaus G, van Hillegersberg R. Prophylactic Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy with Jejunal Pouch Reconstruction in Patients Carrying a CDH1 Germline Mutation. J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 19:2120-5. [PMID: 26443527 PMCID: PMC4641153 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-015-2963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with an identified germline E-cadherin-1 (CDH1) mutation, prophylactic gastrectomy is the treatment of choice to eliminate the high risk of developing diffuse gastric cancer. Laparoscopic total gastrectomy with jejunal pouch reconstruction is a novel approach that may be especially suitable in these patients. METHODS Patients with a germline CDH1 mutation who underwent prophylactic laparoscopic total gastrectomy with jejunal pouch were included in our prospective database. RESULTS A total of 11 patients with a median age of 40 (22-61) years were included. The average operative time was 4:26 ± 0:49 h and the average blood loss was 219 ± 155 ml. Median length of hospital stay was 10 (7-27) days. In two patients, an esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage occurred (grade 4). The leakages were seen in patient numbers 2 and 3, which may be a result of a learning curve. The latter eight patients did not develop anastomotic leakage. Pulmonary complications occurred in one patient with atelectasis and in one patient with pneumonia (grade 2). The 60-day mortality rate was 0 %. Multiple foci of intramucosal diffuse gastric signet ring cell carcinoma were found in the resection specimen of 9/11 (82 %) patients. All 11/11 (100 %) resections were microscopically radical. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic laparoscopic total gastrectomy with jejunal pouch reconstruction in patients with a CDH1 germline mutation is feasible and safe. In 82 % of patients, foci of intramucosal diffuse gastric signet ring cell carcinoma in the resection specimen were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Haverkamp
- />Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.C. van der Sluis
- />Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M.G.E.M. Ausems
- />Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. van der Horst
- />Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.D. Siersema
- />Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J.P. Ruurda
- />Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G.J.A. Offerhaus
- />Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. van Hillegersberg
- />Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gomez-Martín C, Lopez-Rios F, Aparicio J, Barriuso J, García-Carbonero R, Pazo R, Rivera F, Salgado M, Salud A, Vázquez-Sequeiros E, Lordick F. A critical review of HER2-positive gastric cancer evaluation and treatment: from trastuzumab, and beyond. Cancer Lett 2014; 351:30-40. [PMID: 24943493 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the importance of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status, biomarker testing and the development of anti-HER2 treatments have changed the prognosis of breast and gastric cancers. The addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy has improved outcomes for patients with HER2-positive metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction, but some relevant issues remain to be elucidated or will emerge with new drugs. This article reviews the current state of HER2 in gastric cancer focusing on diagnostic and anti-HER2 targeted treatment issues and the role of trastuzumab in localized disease, and its combination or integration with new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gomez-Martín
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit and Early Drug Development Unit, Medical Oncology Division, "12 de Octubre" University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Laboratorio de Dianas Terapéuticas, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Hospital Universitario Madrid Sanchinarro, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Lopez-Rios
- Laboratorio de Dianas Terapéuticas, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Hospital Universitario Madrid Sanchinarro, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Aparicio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Upper GI Unit, Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital-IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio García-Carbonero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, HUVR, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberto Pazo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivera
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salgado
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Antonieta Salud
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Clinic Leipzig, Germany
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Mutation screen and RNA analysis disclose the changed splicing of the E-cadherin transcription in gastric cancer. Fam Cancer 2014; 12:547-54. [PMID: 23435907 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-013-9619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is considered to be one of the leading cancers in East Asians, and mutations in the CDH1 gene and the reduced expression of E-cadherin are the most frequent genetic alterations in gastric cancer. In this paper, we reported two novel germline CDH1 nonsynonymous mutations, c.1296 C>G (N432 K) and c.1297 G>A (D433 N) detected in sporadic Chinese GC patients. RNA splicing analysis was used to evaluate mutations' effects on E-cadherin transcription and exon definition. We revealed that the c.1296 C>G (N432 K) variant can generate the E-cadherin exon9-skipping and may be a disease-causing mutation, while the c.1297 G>A (D433 N) mutation not. Moreover, we demonstrated the E-cadherin 1054del83 transcript is a frequent event in Chinese GC patients.
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Garziera M, Canzonieri V, Cannizzaro R, Geremia S, Caggiari L, De Zorzi M, Maiero S, Orzes E, Perin T, Zanussi S, De Paoli P, De Re V. Identification and characterization of CDH1 germline variants in sporadic gastric cancer patients and in individuals at risk of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77035. [PMID: 24204729 PMCID: PMC3812172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To screen and characterize germline variants for E-cadherin (CDH1) in non-hereditary gastric cancer (GC) patients and in subjects at risk of GC. Methods 59 GCs, 59 first degree relatives (FDRs) of GC, 20 autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAGs) and 52 blood donors (BDs) were analyzed for CDH1 by direct sequencing, structural modelling and bioinformatics. Functional impact on splicing was assessed for intronic mutations. E-cadherin/β-catenin immunohistochemical staining and E-cadherin mRNA quantification using RT-PCR were performed. Results In GCs, 4 missense variants (p.G274S; p.A298T; p.T470I; p.A592T), 1 mutation in the 5′UTR (−71C>G) and 1 mutation in the intronic IVS12 (c.1937-13T>C) region were found. First pathogenic effect of p.A298T mutation was predicted by protein 3D modelling. The novel p.G274S mutation showed a no clear functional significance. Moreover, first, intronic IVS12 (c.1937-13T>C) mutation was demonstrated to lead to an aberrant CDH1 transcript with exon 11 deletion. This mutation was found in 2 GCs and in 1 BD. In FDRs, we identified 4 variants: the polymorphic (p.A592T) and 3 mutations in untranslated regions with unidentified functional role except for the 5′UTR (−54G>C) that had been found to decrease CDH1 transcription. In AMAGs, we detected 2 alterations: 1 missense (p.A592T) and 1 novel variant (IVS1 (c.48+7C>T)) without effect on CDH1 splicing. Several silent and polymorphic substitutions were found in all the groups studied. Conclusions Overall our study improves upon the current characterization of CDH1 mutations and their functional role in GC and in individuals at risk of GC. Mutations found in untranslated regions and data on splicing effects deserve a particular attention like associated with a reduced E-cadherin amount. The utility of CDH1 screening, in addition to the identification of other risk factors, could be useful for the early detection of GC in subjects at risk (i.e. FDRs and AMAGs), and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Garziera
- Departement of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- CEB-Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Caggiari
- Departement of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Mariangela De Zorzi
- Departement of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Stefania Maiero
- Gastroenterology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Enrico Orzes
- Gastroenterology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanussi
- Microbiology-Immunology and Virology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Paolo De Paoli
- Scientific Director, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Valli De Re
- Departement of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Lyu T, Jia N, Wang J, Yan X, Yu Y, Lu Z, Bast RC, Hua K, Feng W. Expression and epigenetic regulation of angiogenesis-related factors during dormancy and recurrent growth of ovarian carcinoma. Epigenetics 2013; 8:1330-46. [PMID: 24135786 DOI: 10.4161/epi.26675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation of angiogenesis can mark the transition from tumor dormancy to active growth and recurrence. Mechanisms that regulate recurrence in human cancers are poorly understood, in part because of the absence of relevant models. The induction of ARHI (DIRAS3) induces dormancy and autophagy in human ovarian cancer xenografts but produces autophagic cell death in culture. The addition of VEGF to cultures maintains the viability of dormant autophagic cancer cells, thereby permitting active growth when ARHI is downregulated, which mimics the "recurrence" of growth in xenografts. Two inducible ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOv3-ARHI and Hey-ARHI, were used. The expression level of angiogenesis factors was evaluated by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry and western blot; their epigenetic regulation was measured by bisulfite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Six of the 15 angiogenesis factors were upregulated in dormant cancer cells (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3, TIMP3; thrombospondin-1, TSP1; angiopoietin-1; angiopoietin-2; angiopoietin-4; E-cadherin, CDH1). We found that TIMP3 and CDH1 expression was regulated epigenetically and was related inversely to the DNA methylation of their promoters in cell cultures and in xenografts. Increased H3K9 acetylation was associated with higher TIMP3 expression in dormant SKOv3-ARHI cells, while decreased H3K27me3 resulted in the upregulation of TIMP3 in dormant Hey-ARHI cells. Elevated CDH1 expression during dormancy was associated with an increase in both H3K4me3 and H3K9Ac in two cell lines. CpG demethylating agents and/or histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibited the re-growth of dormant cancer cells, which was associated with the re-expression of anti-angiogenic genes. The expression of the anti-angiogenic genes TIMP3 and CDH1 is elevated during dormancy and is reduced during the transition to active growth by changes in DNA methylation and histone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Lyu
- Department of Gynecology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Gynecology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jieyu Wang
- Department of Gynecology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Gynecology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yinhua Yu
- Department of Gynecology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China; Department of Experimental Therapeutics; University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics; University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics; University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX USA
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynecology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Department of Gynecology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai, PR China
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History, pathogenesis, and management of familial gastric cancer: original study of John XXIII's family. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:385132. [PMID: 23484115 PMCID: PMC3591243 DOI: 10.1155/2013/385132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is associated with the E-cadherin germline mutations, but genetic determinants have not been identified for familial intestinal gastric carcinoma. The guidelines for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer are clearly established; however, there are no defined recommendations for the management of familial intestinal gastric carcinoma. METHODS In this study we describe Pope John XXIII's pedigree that harboured gastric cancer as well as six other family members. Family history was analysed according to the International Gastric Cancer Linkage Consortium criteria, and gastric tumours were classified in accord with the last Japanese guidelines. RESULTS Seven out of 109 members in this pedigree harboured gastric cancer, affecting two consecutive generations. John XXIII's clinical tumour (cTN) was classified as cT4bN3a (IV stage). In two other cases, gastric carcinomas were classified as intestinal histotype and staged as pT1bN0 and pT2N2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Pope John XXIII's family presents a strong aggregation for gastric cancer affecting almost seven members; it spreads through two consecutive generations. In absence of defined genetic causes and considering the increased risk of gastric cancer's development in these families, as well as the high mortality rates and advanced stages, we propose an intensive surveillance protocol for asymptomatic members.
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12
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Garziera M, De Re V, Geremia S, Seruca R, Figueiredo J, Melo S, Simões-Correia J, Caggiari L, De Zorzi M, Canzonieri V, Cannizzaro R, Toffoli G. A novel CDH1 germline missense mutation in a sporadic gastric cancer patient in north-east of Italy. Clin Exp Med 2012; 13:149-57. [PMID: 22543498 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that germline mutations in the E-cadherin (CDH1) gene are linked to hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Despite the known molecular genetic causes, most gastric cancers are sporadic and poorly investigated for susceptibility genes. We report the finding of a novel germline missense mutation in exon 6, c. 820 G > A (p.G274S) in one sporadic gastric cancer patient. This new variant does not affect cryptic splicing of CDH1 as demonstrated by molecular assay. Immunohistochemical analysis shows a mixed pattern of E-cadherin staining (membranous and cytoplasmic) in the intestinal component, while in the diffuse counterpart, the membranous staining was prevalent and a reduced membranous expression of ß-catenin was observed. In vitro assays suggest that the mutant G274S does not affect the E-cadherin protein function, its expression pattern or subcellular localization. This new variant is present in EC2 extracellular domain of the protein (p.G120S in mature protein). The molecular modelling shows that this point mutation is not dramatic for local structure. However, p.S120 is located on the surface of the protein close to the functional calcium sites and in the region of interaction with EC1 domain of another E-cadherin molecule involved in the formation of the intercellular junction. Moreover, p.S120 residue could be involved in posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation or glycosylation, with possible effects on stability and integrity of adhesive properties of E-cadherin. In conclusion, the pathogenicity of this mutation is unlikely; probably we found a new germline CDH1 missense mutation with potential impact, however, of uncertain significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Garziera
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Molecular Oncology and Translational Medicine, DOMERT, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Via F. Gallini, 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy
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13
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Abstract
This article focuses on the diagnosis and management of familial gastric cancer, particularly hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). First, existing consensus guidelines are discussed and then the pathology and genetics of HDGC are reviewed. Second, patient management is covered, including surveillance gastroscopy, prophylactic total gastrectomy, and management of the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Blair
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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14
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Corso G, Marrelli D, Pascale V, Vindigni C, Roviello F. Frequency of CDH1 germline mutations in gastric carcinoma coming from high- and low-risk areas: metanalysis and systematic review of the literature. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:8. [PMID: 22225527 PMCID: PMC3305498 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The frequency of E-cadherin germline mutations in countries with different incidence rates for gastric carcinoma has not been well established. The goal of this study was to assess the worldwide frequency of CDH1 germline mutations in gastric cancers coming from low- and high-risk areas. Methods English articles using MEDLINE access (from 1998 to 2011). Search terms included CDH1, E-cadherin, germline mutation, gastric cancer, hereditary, familial and diffuse histotype. The study included all E-cadherin germline mutations identified in gastric cancer patients; somatic mutations and germline mutations reported in other tumors were excluded. The method of this study was scheduled in accordance with the "PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses". Countries were classified as low- or middle/high risk-areas for gastric carcinoma incidence. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the CDH1 mutation frequency with gastric cancer incidence areas. Results A total of 122 E-cadherin germline mutations have been identified; the majority (87.5%) occurred in gastric cancers coming from low-risk areas. In high-risk areas, we identified 16 mutations in which missense mutations were predominant. (68.8%). We verified a significant association between the mutation frequency and the gastric cancer risk area (p < 0.001: overall identified mutations in low- vs. middle/high-risk areas). Conclusions E-cadherin genetic screenings performed in low-risk areas for gastric cancer identified a higher frequency of CDH1 germline mutations. This data could open new approaches in the gastric cancer prevention test; before proposing a proband candidate for the CDH1 genetic screening, geographic variability, alongside the family history should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corso
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, section of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Wang XM, Liu JJ, Deng H, Chen Y, Liu LJ. ER-α36 promotes the growth of SGC-7901 cells in nude mice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:2919-2924. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i28.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the effect of ER-α36 on the growth of SGC-7901 cells in nude mice.
METHODS: Utilizing lentivirus technology, we developed SGC7901 cell lines stably expressing ER-α36 siRNA vector (SGC7901-Low36) and ER-α36 expression vector (SGC7901-High36). Unmanipulated SGC7901 cells were used as controls (SGC7901-Control). These cells were subcutaneously injected into the nude mice to form SGC7901 transplantable tumors. The size and weight of the tumors were measured. Nuclear division was observed after HE staining, and the expression of Ki67 and E-cadherin was detected by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Transplantable tumors formed in all nude mice. From day 16 to day 30, tumor size was highest in the SGC7901-High36 group, followed by the SGC7901-Control group, and the SGC7901-Low36 group had the least tumor size. There were significant differences (all P < 0.05) in tumor size between any two groups. On day 30, tumor weight was significantly higher in the SGC7901-High36 group than in the SGC7901-Control and SGC7901-Low36 groups (2.58 g ± 0.014 g vs 1.32 g ± 0.0245 g, 0.471 g ± 0.021 g; both P < 0.05). The number of nuclear division phases was significantly higher in the SGC7901-High36 group than in the SGC7901-Control and SGC7901-Low36 groups (42.33 ± 6.33 vs 28.5 ± 0.35, 12.5 ± 2.5; both P < 0.05). The expression of Ki67 was significantly higher in the SGC7901-High36 group than in the SGC7901-Control and SGC7901-Low36 groups (86.35 ± 5.23 vs 65.44 ± 4.56, 18.25 ± 2.56; both P < 0.05). The expression of E-cadherin in tumors in the SGC7901-High36 group was hardly seen, significantly lower than that in the SGC7901-Control and SGC7901-High36 groups.
CONCLUSION: ER-α36 may play an important role in gastric cancer cell growth and proliferation. ER-α36 may target tumor cells through adhesion molecules to promote tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Abstract
About 90% of gastric carcinoma presents a sporadic setting and only 10% shows a familial cluster; among this group, 1-3% are considered as hereditary syndromes, with a clear genetic pathway. The most important genetic mechanisms are associated with CDH1 germline mutations, causing the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome. Other inherited predispositions with gastric carcinoma are the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, Li-Fraumeni and Peutz-Jeghers syndromes. In this brief update, we described these principal hereditary syndromes offering a simple management to physicians where are these diseases diagnosed.
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Vasas P, Bijendra P. [Genetic background and clinical features of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer]. Orv Hetil 2011; 152:1105-9. [PMID: 21737393 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2011.29160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With the development of the molecular biology more pathological condition have been identified (p53 mutation and breast cancer, Ret protooncogene point mutation and medullary thyroid cancer), which could lead to malignant disease. The recent advances in the molecular genetics lead to the recognition of the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer that inherited in a dominant autosomal manner with incomplete penetrance. About 25-30% of families fulfilling the criteria have germline mutation of the CDH1 gene coding the calcium-dependent E-cadherin protein. In confirmed cases, prophylactic gastrectomy suggested in the early adolescent age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Vasas
- Barts and the London NHS Foundation Trust Academic Surgical Department London.
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18
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Lynch HT, Aldoss I, Lynch JF. The identification and management of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer in a large Jordanian family. Fam Cancer 2011; 10:667-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-011-9463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Marrelli D, Pedrazzani C, Morgagni P, de Manzoni G, Pacelli F, Coniglio A, Marchet A, Saragoni L, Giacopuzzi S, Roviello F. Changing clinical and pathological features of gastric cancer over time. Br J Surg 2011; 98:1273-83. [PMID: 21560122 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present multicentre observational study was to evaluate potential changes in clinical and pathological features of patients with gastric cancer (GC) treated in a 15-year interval. METHODS A centralized prospective database including clinical, surgical, pathological and follow-up data from 2822 patients who had resection of a primary GC was analysed. The analysis focused on three periods: 1991-1995 (period 1), 1996-2000 (period 2) and 2001-2005 (period 3). Surgical procedure, pathological classification and follow-up were standardized among centres. RESULTS The number of resections decreased from 1024 in period 1 to 955 and 843 in periods 2 and 3 respectively. More advanced stages and a smaller number of intestinal-type tumours of the distal third were observed over time. Five-year survival rates after R0 resection (2320 patients) did not change over time (overall: 56·6 and 51·2 per cent in periods 1 and 3; disease-free: 66·8 and 61·1 per cent respectively). Decreases in survival in more recent years were related particularly to more advanced stage, distal tumours and tumours in women. Multivariable analysis showed a lower probability of overall and disease-free survival in the most recent interval: hazard ratio 1·22 (95 per cent confidence interval 1·06 to 1·40) and 1·29 (1·06 to 1·58) respectively compared with period 1. Recurrent tumours were more frequently peritoneal rather than locoregional. CONCLUSION Overall and disease-free survival rates after R0 resection of GC were unchanged over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marrelli
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, Section of Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Jacobs G, Hellmig S, Huse K, Titz A, Franke A, Kwiatkowski R, Ott S, Kosmahl M, Fischbach W, Lucius R, Klapper W, Fölsch UR, Hampe J, Schreiber S, Rosenstiel P. Polymorphisms in the 3'-untranslated region of the CDH1 gene are a risk factor for primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2011; 96:987-95. [PMID: 21459793 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.033126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary gastric B-cell lymphomas arise from mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) in patients with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. We investigated whether germline variants in the CDH1 gene, coding for E-cadherin, genetically predispose patients to primary gastric B-cell lymphoma. DESIGN AND METHODS Single marker analyses of the CDH1 gene were conducted in patients with primary gastric B-cell lymphoma (n=144), in patients with primary gastric high-grade lymphoma (n=61), and in healthy blood donors (n=361). Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan(®) technology. Allelic imbalance was tested by pyrosequencing and clone direct sequencing of heterozygote genomic and cDNA. Mutation detection was conducted around the poly-A signal of the CDH1 3'-untranslated region. The influence of the 3'-untranslated region on protein translation was determined by a luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Single marker analyses identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms in strong linkage disequilibrium located in the CDH1 3'-untranslated region. One of them was significantly associated with primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas after correction for multiple testing and this association was confirmed in an independent sample set. Patients homozygous for the rare T allele (rs1801026) had a 4.9-fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.5-15.9) of developing primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Allelic imbalance and reporter gene assays indicated a putative influence on mRNA stability and/or translational efficacy. CONCLUSIONS We identified variants in CDH1 as the first potential genetic risk factors for the development of primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. One of the potentially causative variants affects allelic CDH1 expression. These findings support the hypothesis that besides somatic alterations of B-cells, germline variants in the CDH1 gene contribute to a predisposition to the development of primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Jacobs
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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21
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Rose JS, Bekaii-Saab TS. New developments in the treatment of metastatic gastric cancer: focus on trastuzumab. Onco Targets Ther 2011; 4:21-6. [PMID: 21552412 PMCID: PMC3084304 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s10188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic gastric cancer have a poor outcome. The development of new combinations of chemotherapy has led to steady but only modest gains in overall survival with largest effects reported with two- and three-drug regimens. Trastuzumab, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody directed at the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), has been found to improve response rate and survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer. This update will review the role of HER2 and summarize therapeutic advances in the use of trastuzumab in advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Rose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University - Arthur James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Jakubowska A, Lawniczak M, Wojnarska B, Cybulski C, Huzarski T, Byrski T, Tołoczko-Grabarek A, Jaworska K, Durda K, Starzyńska T, Lubiński J. CDH1 gene mutations do not contribute in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer in Poland. Fam Cancer 2011; 9:605-8. [PMID: 20842455 PMCID: PMC2980631 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-010-9381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a cancer susceptibility syndrome characterized by a high risk of diffuse stomach cancer and lobular breast cancer. HDGC is caused by germline mutations in the CDH1 gene encoding the E-cadherin which is a member of the transmembrane glycoprotein family responsible for calcium-dependent, cell-to-cell adhesion and plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of cell differentiation and the normal architecture of epithelial tissues. Mutations in the CDH1 gene are detected in 30-46% of families that fulfil strong clinical criteria for HDGC and in about 11% of families fulfilling the modified criteria. In the present study, we investigated germline mutations in the CDH1 gene in Polish patients with HDGC. The entire coding sequence of CDH1 gene was analyzed by sequencing in 86 Polish cancer patients from families fulfilling the modified criteria of HDGC. We found several silent mutations including one common variant (c.2076T>C) present in 56 patients, and three rare variants (c.2253C>T, c.1896C>T, c.2634C>T) detected in 2 patients. In addition, we found four rare sequence variants of unknown significance localized in introns. We did not detect any deleterious mutations of the CDH1 gene. CDH1 gene mutations are not present in Polish families with HDGC defined by the modified clinical criteria. Further studies of families with HDGC matching the restrictive criteria for HDGC are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Centre, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul Połabska 4, 70-115 Szczecin, Poland.
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Sahin M, Sahin E, Gümüşlü S, Erdoğan A, Gültekin M. DNA methylation or histone modification status in metastasis and angiogenesis-related genes: a new hypothesis on usage of DNMT inhibitors and S-adenosylmethionine for genome stability. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2011; 29:655-76. [PMID: 20821252 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer. This process needs angiogenesis. The biology underlying cancer, metastasis, and angiogenesis has been investigated so as to determine the therapeutic targets. Invasive and metastatic cancer cells have undergone numerous genetic and epigenetic changes, manifested by cytoskeletal changes, loss of adhesion, and expression of proteolytic enzymes that degrade the basement membrane. Additionally, in endothelial cells, some epigenetic modifications occur during the formation of angiogenesis. Researchers have used some methylation inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, or methylating agents (such as S-adenosylmethionine, SAM) against cancer and angiogenesis. Although they are effective to beat these diseases, each one results in differentiation or changes in genome structure. We review epigenetically modified genes related with angiogenesis and metastasis in cancer and endothelial cells, and suggest a new proposal. This hypothesis has discussed the importance of the usage of DNA methylation inhibitors together with SAM to prevent tumor progression and genome instability or changes resulting in additional diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sahin
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey.
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Corso G, Pedrazzani C, Pinheiro H, Fernandes E, Marrelli D, Rinnovati A, Pascale V, Seruca R, Oliveira C, Roviello F. E-cadherin genetic screening and clinico-pathologic characteristics of early onset gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer 2010; 47:631-9. [PMID: 21106365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM CDH1 germline alterations occur in about 40% of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) families. CDH1 germline mutations are also documented in few early onset diffuse gastric cancer patients (EODGC) without family history, but the real frequency in this setting in unknown. In these patients, the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis remains a clinical burden due to the poor long term survival. METHODS The entire coding region and exon flanking sequences of the CDH1 gene was analysed by direct sequencing in 21 EODGC patients aged ≤50 years. The potential deleterious nature for a new CDH1 missense variant was assessed by cell-cell aggregation and invasion assays. Somatic CDH1 mutation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and promoter hypermethylation was explored in the tumour from one CDH1 germline mutation carrier. RESULTS Two novel CDH1 germline variants were identified in 21 EODGC cases, c.670C>T and -63C>A. Functional analysis of the c.670C>T missense variant classified this mutation as non-pathogenic. The analysis of CDH1 somatic second hits failed to demonstrate E-cadherin structural and epigenetic alterations in the tumour sample. CONCLUSION Data from the present work and a systematic review of the literature revealed that CDH1 germline mutations occurred in 7.2% of EOGC patients invariably with diffuse of mixed histology. From these, proved CDH1 mutation pathogenicity has been assigned only to 2.3% of the cases who were recurrently diagnosed before 35 years old. Germline CDH1 mutation remain the only germline genetic defect described in this type of patients and CDH1 mutation screening should be recommended for patients with these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corso
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, Unit of Surgical Oncology, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori, Italy
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Wolf EM, Geigl J, Svrcek M, Vieth M, Langner C. Hereditäres Magenkarzinom. DER PATHOLOGE 2010; 31:423-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00292-010-1353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Chen J, Li DS, Yu YH, Wang L, Ouyang XN, Xie FL, Xiong XS. Clinical significance of Her-2 protein expression in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:1375-1379. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i13.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the correlation between Her-2 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric carcinoma.
METHODS: Her-2 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (EliVisionTM plus) in 778 gastric adenocarcinoma specimens.
RESULTS: The positive rate of Her-2 protein overexpression (+++) was 11.35% (68/576). Her-2 protein overexpression was associated with tumor histotype, differentiation, TNM stage, and distant metastasis (all P < 0.05), but not with sex, age, tumor site, and lymph node metastasis (all P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor histotype, differentiation, TNM stage, and distant metastasis were significant predictors of Her-2 protein overexpression in gastric carcinoma (all P > 0.05). Moderate Her-2 protein expression (++) was detected in 5.68% of gastric carcinoma specimens.
CONCLUSION: Detection of Her-2 protein expression may be used to assess the malignant biological behavior and prognosis of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer patients exhibiting Her-2 protein overexpression might constitute potential candidates for new adjuvant therapies that involve the use of humanized monoclonal antibodies.
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CORSO G, PEDRAZZANI C, MARRELLI D, PINTO E, ROVIELLO F. Familial gastric cancer and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2010; 19:377-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2008.01066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Subtotal gastrectomy as treatment for distal multifocal early gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 13:2239-44. [PMID: 19672668 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-009-0971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multifocal early gastric cancer (MEGC) is frequently observed and represents a serious risk when minimally invasive treatments are performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS We present the experience of two Italian centers situated in a relatively high incidence area for gastric cancer. Out of a total of 791 surgical resections for EGC carried out in two Italian centers from 1976 to 2006, we identified 98 patients with multifocal EGC (12.3%). Two hundred and sixteen lesions were observed. Generally sited near the principal tumors, secondary lesions were, however, sometimes detected distally from the upper primary lesion. No secondary lesions were detected in the upper third when the principal lesion was sited at the lower third. RESULTS Survival of MEGC patients was not significantly lower than that of patients with monofocal EGC. No cases of gastric remnant relapse were observed at a mean follow-up of 9 years (range 1-28) after subtotal gastrectomy. DISCUSSION When EGCs are detected, the possibility of MEGC must always be investigated by endoscopy and chromoendoscopy. When a MEGC is found in the lower third of the stomach and chromoendoscopy of the upper third has been performed, subtotal gastrectomy can be considered as sufficient treatment.
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Different pathological features and prognosis in gastric cancer patients coming from high-risk and low-risk areas of Italy. Ann Surg 2009; 250:43-50. [PMID: 19561483 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e3181ad6487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare clinicopathological features and long-term outcome in gastric cancer patients coming from high-risk and low-risk areas of Italy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Better survival rates have been reported from countries with higher incidence of gastric cancer. METHODS Data regarding 829 patients coming from Tuscany (group A) and 143 patients coming from Southern Italy (group B) were analyzed. Mean follow-up time was 56 +/- 57 months; it was 85 +/- 63 months in surviving patients or not tumor-related deaths. Prognostic factors were investigated by multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazard model after verifying the assumption of proportionality of the risk associated with covariates. RESULTS Lauren diffuse-mixed histotype, younger age, extended lymphadenectomy, and advanced stages were more common in group B. Gastric cancer-related 10-year survival probability was 48% in group A versus 29% in group B (log-rank test: P < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, geographic area was confirmed as a significant prognostic factor (hazard ratio for group B vs. group A: 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.12-2.06, P = 0.006). The influence of this factor on long-term survival was independent from other clinical, surgical, and pathologic factors, and was notable in neoplasms involving the serosa (10-year survival probability: 15% in group A vs. 3% in group B, log-rank test: P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Patients coming from low-risk area of Italy showed distinct pathologic features, more advanced stage, and worse prognosis when compared with patients coming from high-risk area. These findings may be indicative of different tumor biology, and may contribute to partly explain worldwide geographic variability in prognosis reported in different series.
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Benns MV, Luk T, Scoggins CR. Article Commentary: Surgical Prophylaxis for Inheritable Malignant Diseases: Colorectal and Gastric Cancer. Am Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/000313480907500603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in modern medicine, cancer remains all too common and deadly. At its core, cancer is a disease of our DNA. As such, many cancers are passed from parents to children, making cancer one of the most commonly inherited diseases. Presently, we have no meaningful methods of “preventing” the malignant transformation that occurs as a result of an inherited gene, but investigators have identified several genetic mutations and subsequently developed risk-reduction strategies that sometimes involve surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Benns
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Tammy Luk
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Charles R. Scoggins
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to find out whether C-160A single nucleotide polymorphism of the promoter region of the E-cadherin gene might be a potential genetic marker for identifying individuals at risk for gastric cancer (GC). To test this hypothesis, 412 GC patients and 408 controls were analyzed statistically. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was adopted for C-160A single nucleotide polymorphism detection. No statistical differences were found among CC, CA, and AA genotypes and the risk of GC, even stratifying according to age, sex, and area of residence. Similarly, genotype was not associated with intestinal or diffuse histotypes, or with cardia or noncardia carcinomas. In conclusion, the C-160A polymorphism is not associated with GC risk in the Italian population.
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Evidence of tumor microsatellite instability in gastric cancer with familial aggregation. Fam Cancer 2009; 8:215-20. [PMID: 19152022 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-008-9231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
About 90% of gastric cancer (GC) cases appear in a sporadic setting. Nonetheless, in high incidence areas high familial aggregation rates have been recently described. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is thought to be an important molecular phenotype both in sporadic GC and in tumors of the HNPCC spectrum. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of MSI in GC with familial aggregation. Five quasimonomorphic mononucleotide repeats (BAT-26, BAT-25, NR-24, NR-21 and NR-27) were analyzed in 250 GC patients. Seventy-five patients (30%) had at least one-first-degree family member affected by GC and 63 patients (25.2%) showed MSI. The frequency of MSI was significantly higher in patients with a positive family history of GC (38.7%) compared to patients with other tumor types within the family (15.7%) or with a negative oncological familial history (21.9%, P = 0.004). Within cases with a positive familial oncological history, the MSI frequency in families with GC only was similar to the one observed in families with GC and colon cancer (P = 0.96). Nonetheless, in families with GC and lung cancer, the frequency of MSI was significantly lower (5.6%, P = 0.007). MSI occurs in GCs with familial aggregation. Similar MSI rates have been observed in GC patients with other family members affected by GC or colon cancer. The same does not occur in families with other members affected by lung cancer. Our data seem to suggest that familial aggregation for either GC alone or gastric and colon cancer share common etiological factors in contrast to families with gastric and lung cancers.
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Wiggins CL, Perdue DG, Henderson JA, Bruce MG, Lanier AP, Kelley JJ, Seals BF, Espey DK. Gastric cancer among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1999-2004. Cancer 2008; 113:1225-33. [PMID: 18720378 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer incidence rates for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) historically have exceeded those for non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Previous reports may have underestimated the true burden of gastric cancer in AI/AN populations because of misclassification of AI/AN race in cancer registries. METHODS Population-based cancer registry data from 1999 through 2004 were used to describe gastric cancer incidence in AI/ANs and NHWs in the US. To address misclassification of race, registry data were linked with Indian Health Service administrative records, and analyses were restricted to residents of Contract Health Service Delivery Areas (CHSDA). Disease patterns were assessed for 6 geographic regions and for all regions combined. Rates were expressed per 100,000 population and were age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. RESULTS In CHSDA counties, gastric cancer incidence rates for AI/ANs were higher than the rates for NHWs across most regions. For both sexes combined, AI/AN rates ranged from 6.1 in the East region to 24.5 in Alaska; there was relatively little regional variation in NHW rates. Most patients with gastric cancer were diagnosed with late-stage disease, regardless of race, age, or sex. In some regions, cancer rates in the central/distal portions of the stomach were higher among AI/ANs than among NHWs, whereas rates in the proximal stomach were similar between the 2 populations. CONCLUSIONS AI/ANs are generally at greater risk for gastric cancer than NHWs. Relatively high rates of cancer in the central/distal portions of the stomach among AI/ANs in some geographic regions may indicate a disproportional burden of Helicobacter pylori-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Wiggins
- New Mexico Tumor Registry, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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Pedrazzani C, Caruso S, Corso G, Marrelli D, Neri A, Berardi A, Roviello F. Influence of age on soluble E-cadherin serum levels prevents its utility as a disease marker in gastric cancer patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008; 43:765-6. [PMID: 18569997 DOI: 10.1080/00365520802037370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Cisco RM, Norton JA. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: surgery, surveillance and unanswered questions. Future Oncol 2008; 4:553-9. [DOI: 10.2217/14796694.4.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an inherited cancer-susceptibility syndrome characterized by autosomal dominance and high penetrance. In 30–50% of cases, a causative germline mutation in CDH1, the E-cadherin gene, may be identified. Female carriers of CDH1 mutations also have an increased (20–40%) risk of lobular breast cancer. Endoscopic surveillance of patients with CDH1 mutations is ineffective because early foci of HDGC are typically small and underlie normal mucosa. CDH1 mutation carriers are therefore offered the option of prophylactic gastrectomy, which commonly reveals early foci of invasive signet-ring cell cancer. We review recommendations for genetic testing, surveillance and prophylactic surgery in HDGC. Areas for future research are discussed, including development of new screening modalities, optimal timing of prophylactic gastrectomy, identification of additional causative mutations in HDGC, management of patients with CDH1 missense mutations and prevention/early detection of lobular breast cancer in CDH1 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Cisco
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Norton
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Gravalos C, Jimeno A. HER2 in gastric cancer: a new prognostic factor and a novel therapeutic target. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1523-9. [PMID: 18441328 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 811] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the world and its management, especially in advanced stages, has evolved relatively little. In particular, no targeted modality has so far been incorporated to its treatment armamentarium. HER2 overexpression is increasingly recognized as a frequent molecular abnormality, driven as in breast cancer by gene amplification. There is mounting evidence of the role of HER2 overexpression in patients with gastric cancer, and it has been solidly correlated to poor outcomes and a more aggressive disease. Additionally, preclinical data are showing significant antitumor efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies (particularly monoclonal antibodies directed towards the protein) in in vitro and in vivo models of gastric cancer. As a result, several clinical trials are exploring in different settings and with diverse designs the potential of anti-HER2 therapies in gastric cancer patients. This review summarizes the rationale, preclinical evidence, retrospective clinical analyses, and the interim clinical data pertaining HER2 therapies in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gravalos
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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Roviello F, Corso G, Pedrazzani C, Marrelli D, De Falco G, Suriano G, Vindigni C, Berardi A, Garosi L, De Stefano A, Leoncini L, Seruca R, Pinto E. High Incidence of Familial Gastric Cancer in Tuscany, a Region in Italy. Oncology 2008; 72:243-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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