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Willis AI, Sadowitz B, Fuse S, Maier KG, Lee TS, Wang XJ, Tuszynski GP, Sumpio BE, Gahtan V. Thrombospondin 1, Fibronectin, and Vitronectin are Differentially Dependent Upon RAS, ERK1/2, and p38 for Induction of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Chemotaxis. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2010; 45:55-62. [DOI: 10.1177/1538574410387677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), fibronectin (Fn), and vitronectin (Vn) promote vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) chemotaxis through a variety of second messenger systems, including Ras, ERK1/2, and p38. Hypothesis: Ras, ERK1/2, and p38 differentially affect TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced VSMC chemotaxis. Methods: Bovine VSMCs were transfected with Ras N17 or treated with the following inhibitors: a farnesyl protein transferase (FPT) inhibitor, PD098059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), or SB202190 (p38 inhibitor). Thrombospondin 1, Fn, and Vn were used as chemoattractants. Results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc testing (P < .05). Results: Ras N17 transfection or FPT inhibitor treatment inhibited TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced chemotaxis. PD098059 or SB202190 resulted in more inhibition of VSMC migration to TSP-1 than to Fn or Vn. Conclusions: Ras appears equally relevant in the signal transduction pathways of TSP-1-, Fn-, and Vn-induced VSMC chemotaxis. Thrombospondin 1-induced migration is more dependent upon ERK1/2 and p38 than Fn- or Vn-included migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alliric I. Willis
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Sadowitz
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shoichi Fuse
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristopher G. Maier
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Tae S. Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Bauer E. Sumpio
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vivian Gahtan
- Yale University School of Medicine Section of Vascular Surgery, New Haven, CT, USA, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Services, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA, Department of Veterans Affairs VA Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA,
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Hultman KA, Scott AW, Johnson SL. Small molecule modifier screen for kit-dependent functions in zebrafish embryonic melanocytes. Zebrafish 2009; 5:279-87. [PMID: 19133826 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2008.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is gaining popularity as a vertebrate model for screening small molecules that affect specific phenotypes or genetic pathways. In this study, we present a targeted drug screen to identify drug modifiers of the melanocyte migration defect of a temperature-sensitive allele of the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase, kit(ts). We first test two candidate drugs, the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase kinase inhibitor (LY294002) and the Erk/MAP kinase inhibitor (PD98059), for their effect on melanocyte migration and survival. We find that LY294002 enhances the migration defect of kit(ts), implicating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase kinase pathway in promoting kit-dependent melanocyte migration, but not survival. We then used the kit(ts)-sensitized genetic background to screen a panel of 1280 pharmacologically active drugs to identify drug enhancers and suppressors of the kit(ts) melanocyte migration defect. We identified three drug enhancers of migration, two of which, Papaverine and Isoliquiritigenin, specifically enhance the kit(ts) migration defect, while 8-DPAT affected both melanocyte migration and survival. These drugs now provide additional experimental tools for investigating the mechanisms of kit-promoted melanocyte migration and survival in the zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Hultman
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4566 Scott Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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