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Cuadra B, Silva V, Huang YL, Diaz Y, Rivas C, Molina C, Simon V, Bono MR, Morales B, Rosemblatt M, Silva S, Acuña R, Ezquer F, Ezquer M. The Immunoregulatory and Regenerative Potential of Activated Human Stem Cell Secretome Mitigates Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in a Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2073. [PMID: 38396750 PMCID: PMC10889754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome marked by sudden liver function decline and multiorgan failure, predominantly acute kidney injury (AKY), in patients with chronic liver disease. Unregulated inflammation is a hallmark of ACLF; however, the key drivers of ACLF are not fully understood. This study explores the therapeutic properties of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome, particularly focusing on its enhanced anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative properties after the in vitro preconditioning of the cells. We evaluated the efficacy of the systemic administration of MSC secretome in preventing liver failure and AKI in a rat ACLF model where chronic liver disease was induced using by the administration of porcine serum, followed by D-galN/LPS administration to induce acute failure. After ACLF induction, animals were treated with saline (ACLF group) or MSC-derived secretome (ACLF-secretome group). The study revealed that MSC-secretome administration strongly reduced liver histological damage in the ACLF group, which was correlated with higher hepatocyte proliferation, increased hepatic and systemic anti-inflammatory molecule levels, and reduced neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. Additionally, renal examination revealed that MSC-secretome treatment mitigated tubular injuries, reduced apoptosis, and downregulated injury markers. These improvements were linked to increased survival rates in the ACLF-secretome group, endorsing MSC secretomes as a promising therapy for multiorgan failure in ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cuadra
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Veronica Silva
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Ya-Lin Huang
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Yael Diaz
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (Y.D.); (C.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio Rivas
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (Y.D.); (C.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristobal Molina
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (Y.D.); (C.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Valeska Simon
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800020, Chile; (V.S.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Maria Rosa Bono
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Chile, Las Encinas 3370, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800020, Chile; (V.S.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Atrys Chile, Guardia Vieja 339, Providencia, Santiago 7510249, Chile;
| | - Mario Rosemblatt
- Centro de Ciencia & Vida, Av. Del Valle Norte 725, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580702, Chile;
| | - Sebastian Silva
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Rodrigo Acuña
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. La Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile; (B.C.); (V.S.); (Y.-L.H.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (F.E.)
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Blondeel J, Gilbo N, De Bondt S, Monbaliu D. Stem cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Alleviate ischemia-reperfusion Injury of Transplantable Organs. A Systematic Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2225-2250. [PMID: 37548807 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible beneficial effects of stem cell-derived EV on ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in organ transplantation have been frequently investigated; however, the source of EV, as well as the methods of isolation and administration vary widely. We conducted a systematic review to summarize current pre-clinical evidence on stem cell-derived EV therapy for IRI of transplantable organs. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception until August 19th, 2022, for studies on stem cell-derived EV therapy for IRI after heart, kidney, liver, pancreas, lung and intestine transplantation. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experiments (SYRCLE) guidelines were followed to assess potential risk of bias. RESULTS The search yielded 4153 unique articles, of which 96 were retained. We identified 32 studies on cardiac IRI, 38 studies on renal IRI, 21 studies on liver IRI, four studies on lung IRI and one study on intestinal IRI. Most studies used rodent models of transient ischemic injury followed by in situ reperfusion. In all studies, EV therapy was associated with improved outcome albeit to a variable degree. EV-therapy reduced organ injury and improved function while displaying anti-inflammatory-, immunomodulatory- and pro-regenerative properties. CONCLUSION A multitude of animal studies support the potential of stem cell-derived EV-therapy to alleviate IRI after solid organ transplantation but suffer from low reporting quality and wide methodological variability. Future studies should focus on determining optimal stem cell source, dosage, and timing of treatment, as well as long-term efficacy in transplant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Blondeel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Nicholas Gilbo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Abdominal Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery and Coordination, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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Yang H, Chen J, Li J. Isolation, culture, and delivery considerations for the use of mesenchymal stem cells in potential therapies for acute liver failure. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243220. [PMID: 37744328 PMCID: PMC10513107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a high-mortality syndrome for which liver transplantation is considered the only effective treatment option. A shortage of donor organs, high costs and surgical complications associated with immune rejection constrain the therapeutic effects of liver transplantation. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy was recognized as an alternative strategy for liver transplantation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been used in clinical trials of several liver diseases due to their ease of acquisition, strong proliferation ability, multipotent differentiation, homing to the lesion site, low immunogenicity and anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the harvest and culture expansion strategies for BMSCs, the development of animal models of ALF of different aetiologies, the critical mechanisms of BMSC therapy for ALF and the challenge of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Dhumale P, Nielsen JV, Hansen ACS, Burton M, Beck HC, Jørgensen MG, Toyserkani NM, Haahr MK, Hansen ST, Lund L, Thomassen M, Sørensen JA, Andersen DC, Jensen CH, Sheikh SP. CD31 defines a subpopulation of human adipose-derived regenerative cells with potent angiogenic effects. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14401. [PMID: 37658225 PMCID: PMC10474028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity represents a major challenge for regenerative treatment using freshly isolated Adipose Derived Regenerative Cells (ADRCs). Emerging data suggest superior efficacy of ADRCs as compared to the ex vivo expanded and more homogeneous ADRCs (= ASCs) for indications involving (micro)vascular deficiency, however, it remains unknown which ADRC cell subtypes account for the improvement. Surprisingly, we found regarding erectile dysfunction (ED) that the number of injected CD31+ ADRCs correlated positively with erectile function 12 months after one bolus of autologous ADRCs. Comprehensive in vitro and ex vivo analyses confirmed superior pro-angiogenic and paracrine effects of human CD31+ enriched ADRCs compared to the corresponding CD31- and parent ADRCs. When CD31+, CD31- and ADRCs were co-cultured in aortic ring- and corpus cavernous tube formation assays, the CD31+ ADRCs induced significantly higher tube development. This effect was corroborated using conditioned medium (CM), while quantitative mass spectrometric analysis suggested that this is likely explained by secretory pro-angiogenic proteins including DKK3, ANGPT2, ANAX2 and VIM, all enriched in CD31+ ADRC CM. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that transcripts of the upregulated and secreted proteins were present in 9 endothelial ADRC subsets including endothelial progenitor cells in the heterogenous non-cultured ADRCs. Our data suggest that the vascular benefit of using ADRCs in regenerative medicine is dictated by CD31+ ADRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Dhumale
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Vennike Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Mark Burton
- Department of Clinical Genetics, OUH, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Gustaf Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Plastic Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, SDU, Odense, Denmark
| | - Navid Mohamadpour Toyserkani
- Department of Plastic Surgery, OUH, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Plastic Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, SDU, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Sabrina Toft Hansen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Urology, OUH, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Lund
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Urology, OUH, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, OUH, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Ahm Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Plastic Surgery, OUH, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Plastic Surgery, Department of Clinical Research, SDU, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte Caroline Andersen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Harken Jensen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Paludan Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Odense, Denmark.
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Chouaib B, Haack-Sørensen M, Chaubron F, Cuisinier F, Collart-Dutilleul PY. Towards the Standardization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome-Derived Product Manufacturing for Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12594. [PMID: 37628774 PMCID: PMC10454619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell secretome or conditioned medium (MSC-CM) is a combination of biomolecules and growth factors in cell culture growth medium, secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and the starting point of several derived products. MSC-CM and its derivatives could be applied after injuries and could mediate most of the beneficial regenerative effects of MSCs without the possible side effects of using MSCs themselves. However, before the clinical application of these promising biopharmaceuticals, several issues such as manufacturing protocols and quality control must be addressed. This review aims to underline the influence of the procedure for conditioned medium production on the quality of the secretome and its derivatives and highlights the questions considering cell sources and donors, cell expansion, cell passage number and confluency, conditioning period, cell culture medium, microenvironment cues, and secretome-derived product purification. A high degree of variability in MSC secretomes is revealed based on these parameters, confirming the need to standardize and optimize protocols. Understanding how bioprocessing and manufacturing conditions interact to determine the quantity, quality, and profile of MSC-CM is essential to the development of good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant procedures suitable for replacing mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Chouaib
- LBN, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (B.C.); (F.C.)
- Human Health Department, IRSN, French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, SERAMED, LRMed, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mandana Haack-Sørensen
- Cardiology Stem Cell Centre 9302, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Henrik Harpestrengsvej 4C, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Franck Chaubron
- Institut Clinident BioPharma, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 Saint Beauzire, France;
| | - Frederic Cuisinier
- LBN, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (B.C.); (F.C.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Service Odontologie, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Collart-Dutilleul
- LBN, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (B.C.); (F.C.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Service Odontologie, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Huang YL, De Gregorio C, Silva V, Elorza ÁA, Léniz P, Aliaga-Tobar V, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Budini M, Ezquer F, Ezquer M. Administration of Secretome Derived from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Hepatoprotective Effects in Models of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury Caused by Amiodarone or Tamoxifen. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040636. [PMID: 36831304 PMCID: PMC9954258 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of acute liver injury. While many factors may contribute to the susceptibility to DILI, obese patients with hepatic steatosis are particularly prone to suffer DILI. The secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cell has been shown to have hepatoprotective effects in diverse in vitro and in vivo models. In this study, we evaluate whether MSC secretome could improve DILI mediated by amiodarone (AMI) or tamoxifen (TMX). Hepatic HepG2 and HepaRG cells were incubated with AMI or TMX, alone or with the secretome of MSCs obtained from human adipose tissue. These studies demonstrate that coincubation of AMI or TMX with MSC secretome increases cell viability, prevents the activation of apoptosis pathways, and stimulates the expression of priming phase genes, leading to higher proliferation rates. As proof of concept, in a C57BL/6 mouse model of hepatic steatosis and chronic exposure to AMI, the MSC secretome was administered endovenously. In this study, liver injury was significantly attenuated, with a decrease in cell infiltration and stimulation of the regenerative response. The present results indicate that MSC secretome administration has the potential to be an adjunctive cell-free therapy to prevent liver failure derived from DILI caused by TMX or AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Huang
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Cristian De Gregorio
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Verónica Silva
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Álvaro A. Elorza
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Patricio Léniz
- Unidad de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética, Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Víctor Aliaga-Tobar
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática (CM2B2), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 7610658, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática (CM2B2), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (M.E.); Tel.: +56-990-699-272 (F.E.); +56-976-629-880 (M.E.)
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (M.E.); Tel.: +56-990-699-272 (F.E.); +56-976-629-880 (M.E.)
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Ma Y, Jiao Z, Liu X, Zhang Q, Piao C, Xu J, Wang H. Protective effect of adipose-derived stromal cell-secretome attenuate autophagy induced by liver ischemia–reperfusion and partial hepatectomy. STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY 2022; 13:427. [PMID: 35987696 PMCID: PMC9392224 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The therapeutic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) may be mainly mediated by their paracrine effects. The ADSC-secretome can ameliorate hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). We explored the therapeutic effect of the ADSC-secretome from the perspective of excessive hepatocyte autophagy induced by hepatic IRI. Methods We established a miniature pig model of hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) and hepatectomy using a laparoscopic technique and transplanted ADSCs and the ADSC-secretome into the liver parenchyma immediately after surgery. Liver injury and hepatocyte autophagy were evaluated by histopathological examination and assessment of relevant cytokines and other factors. Results The results showed that the ADSC-secretome alleviated the pathological changes of liver tissue and the microstructural damage of hepatocytes after IRI. Moreover, the expression levels of autophagy-related markers including Beclin-1, ATG5, ATG12, and LC3II/LC3I decreased, whereas those of p62 increased during phagophore expansion. Furthermore, the expression levels of markers related to the autophagy inhibition pathway phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), including PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, increased. Conclusion The ADSC-secretome attenuates hepatic I/R and hepatectomy-induced liver damage by inhibiting autophagy, which is possibly mediated by activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, there was no significant difference between ADSCs and the ADSC-secretome in the regulation of hepatocyte autophagy. Therefore, ADSCs may improve the excessive autophagy-induced injury of hepatocytes in hepatic I/R and hepatectomy through paracrine effect. Our findings provide new insight into the therapeutic potential of cell-free products, which could replace cell therapy in liver diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03109-2.
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Miceli V, Bertani A. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Their Products as a Therapeutic Tool to Advance Lung Transplantation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050826. [PMID: 35269448 PMCID: PMC8909054 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation (LTx) has become the gold standard treatment for end-stage respiratory failure. Recently, extended lung donor criteria have been applied to decrease the mortality rate of patients on the waiting list. Moreover, ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has been used to improve the number/quality of previously unacceptable lungs. Despite the above-mentioned progress, the morbidity/mortality of LTx remains high compared to other solid organ transplants. Lungs are particularly susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion injury, which can lead to graft dysfunction. Therefore, the success of LTx is related to the quality/function of the graft, and EVLP represents an opportunity to protect/regenerate the lungs before transplantation. Increasing evidence supports the use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy to improve EVLP. The therapeutic properties of MSC are partially mediated by secreted factors. Hence, the strategy of lung perfusion with MSCs and/or their products pave the way for a new innovative approach that further increases the potential for the use of EVLP. This article provides an overview of experimental, preclinical and clinical studies supporting the application of MSCs to improve EVLP, the ultimate goal being efficient organ reconditioning in order to expand the donor lung pool and to improve transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-091-21-92-430 (V.M.); +39-091-21-92-111 (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Bertani
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-091-21-92-430 (V.M.); +39-091-21-92-111 (A.B.)
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Piao C, Jiao Z, Ma Y, Wang Y, Liu T, Xu J, Wang H. Effect of conditioned medium from adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells on endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism after hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury and hepatectomy in swine. Life Sci 2022; 289:120212. [PMID: 34896163 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is associated with liver failure after liver transplantation and hepatectomy. Thus, this study aims to explore the effect of conditioned medium from adipose derived stem cells (ADSC-CM) on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and lipid metabolism after HIRI combined with hepatectomy in miniature pigs. MAIN METHODS A model of HIRI combined with hepatectomy in miniature pigs was established. The expression of ERS-related proteins and lipid metabolism related genes, as well as triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) level were measured in liver tissues. KEY FINDINGS Both ADSCs and ADSC-CM could improve the damage in the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. ADSC-CM significantly decreased the protein expression of GRP78, ATF6, XBP1, p-eIF2α, ATF4, p-JNK and CHOP. Oil red O staining revealed that the degree of hepatocyte steatosis was also significantly reduced after treatment with ADSC-CM. In addition, ADSC-CM remarkably decreased TG, TC, HDL and ACC1 level in liver tissues, while enhanced VLDL content. Finally, SREBP1, SCAP, FASN, ACC1, HMGCR and HMGCS1 mRNA expression was also markedly downregulated in liver tissues. SIGNIFICANCE Injection of ADSC-CM into the hepatic parenchymal could represent a novel cell-free therapeutic approach to improve HIRI combined with hepatectomy injury. The inhibition of ERS and the improvement of lipid metabolism in the hepatocytes might be a potential mechanism used by ADSC-CM to prevent liver injury from HIRI combined with hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Chenxi Piao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhihui Jiao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yajun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiayuan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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10
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Hadjittofi C, Feretis M, Martin J, Harper S, Huguet E. Liver regeneration biology: Implications for liver tumour therapies. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:1101-1156. [PMID: 35070734 PMCID: PMC8716989 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i12.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has remarkable regenerative potential, with the capacity to regenerate after 75% hepatectomy in humans and up to 90% hepatectomy in some rodent models, enabling it to meet the challenge of diverse injury types, including physical trauma, infection, inflammatory processes, direct toxicity, and immunological insults. Current understanding of liver regeneration is based largely on animal research, historically in large animals, and more recently in rodents and zebrafish, which provide powerful genetic manipulation experimental tools. Whilst immensely valuable, these models have limitations in extrapolation to the human situation. In vitro models have evolved from 2-dimensional culture to complex 3 dimensional organoids, but also have shortcomings in replicating the complex hepatic micro-anatomical and physiological milieu. The process of liver regeneration is only partially understood and characterized by layers of complexity. Liver regeneration is triggered and controlled by a multitude of mitogens acting in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine ways, with much redundancy and cross-talk between biochemical pathways. The regenerative response is variable, involving both hypertrophy and true proliferative hyperplasia, which is itself variable, including both cellular phenotypic fidelity and cellular trans-differentiation, according to the type of injury. Complex interactions occur between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, and regeneration is affected by the status of the liver parenchyma, with differences between healthy and diseased liver. Finally, the process of termination of liver regeneration is even less well understood than its triggers. The complexity of liver regeneration biology combined with limited understanding has restricted specific clinical interventions to enhance liver regeneration. Moreover, manipulating the fundamental biochemical pathways involved would require cautious assessment, for fear of unintended consequences. Nevertheless, current knowledge provides guiding principles for strategies to optimise liver regeneration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hadjittofi
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Feretis
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Martin
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Harper
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Huguet
- University Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research and Academic Health Sciences Center, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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11
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Jiao Z, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu T, Liu X, Piao C, Liu B, Wang H. The adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell secretome promotes hepatic regeneration in miniature pigs after liver ischaemia-reperfusion combined with partial resection. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:218. [PMID: 33781342 PMCID: PMC8008619 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is inevitable in complicated liver surgery and is a major factor leading to postoperative complications and liver dysfunction. Studies have shown that the paracrine mechanisms of stem cell may be essential to tissue repair and functional improvement after transplantation. However, the role of the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell secretome (ASC-secretome) in liver regeneration in large animals remains to be determined. Methods Twenty-four miniature pigs were subjected to laparoscopic liver ischaemia-reperfusion combined with partial hepatectomy and divided into the following four groups: the saline group, the DMEM group, the ASC group and the ASC-secretome group. Serum and liver tissue samples were collected before the operation and at 1, 3 and 7 days after the operation, and changes in tissue pathology, serum inflammation, liver function, angiogenesis-related factors and liver tissue regeneration-related genes and proteins were evaluated. Results Detailed histological analysis showed that ASCs and the ASC-secretome changed pathological damage to liver tissue after liver ischaemia-reperfusion combined with partial hepatectomy (1 and 3 days: p < 0.01). Compared with the saline and DMEM control groups, the ASC-secretome group had significantly reduced expression levels of ALP (1 and 3 days: p < 0.05), ALT (1 day: p < 0.01; 3 days: p < 0.05) and AST (1 and 3 days: p < 0.01), which promoted the recovery of liver function. Moreover, detection of the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β (1 day: p < 0.01; 3 days: p < 0.05), IL-6 (1 and 3 days: p < 0.05) and IL-10 (1 and 3 days: p < 0.01) in serum confirmed that the ASC-secretome had obvious anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, the ASC-secretome increased the expression levels of ANG-1 (3 days: p < 0.01), ANG-2 (3 and 7 days: p < 0.01) and VEGF (1 and 7 days: p < 0.05; 3 days: p < 0.01) and promoted angiogenesis during liver regeneration. Moreover, it promoted the mRNA expression of HGF and Cyclin D1 (1 and 3 days: p < 0.01); increased the levels of p-STAT3 (1 and 3 days: p < 0.01), PCNA and Ki67 (1 and 3 days: p < 0.01; 7 days: p < 0.05); inhibited the negative feedback of SOCS3 (1 and 3 days: p < 0.01); and decreased the mRNA expression of TGF-β (3 days: p < 0.01). The cytokines and growth factors detected in the ASC-secretome included TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, ANG-1, ANG-2, VEGF and b-FGF. Conclusion The ASC-secretome alleviates the inflammatory response induced by ischaemia-reperfusion combined with partial hepatectomy in miniature pigs and promotes liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianzhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Piao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Three Cases of Alcohol-Induced Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure With Successful Support by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 10:e00095. [PMID: 31789934 PMCID: PMC6970561 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (AOCLF) are critical medical conditions with urgent therapy requirements. When ALF or AOCLF are due to alcohol intoxication or based on chronic alcohol abuse, virtually, no therapeutic options are available as liver transplantation is prohibited. In this case series, treatment of alcohol-induced ALF/AOCLF with adipose--derived stem cells (ASC) was tested under compassionate use. METHODS: ASC from 2 donors were isolated, cultured, and expanded by established protocols. ASC were administered to 3 individuals with either ALF or AOCLF due to alcohol abuse under compassionate use. Clinical presentation, serum measurements, and other diagnostic methods were compiled before ASC treatment and during the disease course after ASC administration. RESULTS: Three patients were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases (University Hospital Magdeburg) with acute or AOCLF due to alcohol abuse. All 3 patients presented in impaired general condition and with elevated, in 1 case drastically elevated, serum liver enzyme concentrations. Treatment with ASC led to improvements in general condition and reduction of serum transaminases. In 2 cases, reduction of liver stiffness and increase of liver function by the C13 methacetin breath test were observed after ASC treatment. Recovery to a normal condition was achieved between 1 and 2 months after ASC treatment. No adverse effects associated to ASC treatment were observed. DISCUSSION: ASC treatment may be a feasible option to enhance recovery from alcohol-induced ALF or AOCLF. ASC treatment seems safe in the presented cases.
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13
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Paik KY, Kim KH, Park JH, Lee JI, Kim OH, Hong HE, Seo H, Choi HJ, Ahn J, Lee TY, Kim SJ. A novel antifibrotic strategy utilizing conditioned media obtained from miR-150-transfected adipose-derived stem cells: validation of an animal model of liver fibrosis. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:438-449. [PMID: 32152450 PMCID: PMC7156430 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The limitations of stem cells have led researchers to investigate the secretome, which is the secretory materials in stem cells, since the principal mechanism of action of stem cells is mediated by the secretome. In this study, we determined the antifibrotic potential of the secretome released from miR-150-transfected adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). The secretome released from ASCs that were transfected with antifibrotic miR-150 was obtained (referred to as the miR-150 secretome). To validate the antifibrotic effects of the miR-150 secretome, we generated in vitro and in vivo models of liver fibrosis by treating human hepatic stellate cells (LX2 cells) with thioacetamide (TAA) and subcutaneous injection of TAA into mice, respectively. In the in vitro model, more significant reductions in the expression of fibrosis-related markers, such as TGFβ, Col1A1, and α-SMA, were observed by using the miR-150 secretome than the control secretome, specifically in TAA-treated LX2 cells. In the in vivo model, infusion of the miR-150 secretome into mice with liver fibrosis abrogated the increase in serum levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, and induced increased expression of antifibrotic, proliferation, and antioxidant activity markers in the liver. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that the miR-150 secretome is superior to the naive secretome in terms of ameliorating liver fibrosis, minimizing systemic inflammatory responses, and promoting antioxidant enzyme expression. Therefore, we conclude that miR-150 transfection into ASCs has the potential to induce the release of secretory materials with enhanced antifibrotic, proliferative, and antioxidant properties. A mixture of molecules produced by genetically modified stem cells could help repair the damage associated with liver fibrosis. Fat-derived adipose stem cells (ASCs) secrete proteins and nucleic acids that can facilitate tissue regeneration, but the natural mixture of molecules secreted (the ‘secretome’) is insufficient to reverse advanced fibrosis. Researchers led by Say-June Kim of the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea, have boosted the potency of this cell-derived treatment by engineering ASCs to produce an RNA called miR-150. This RNA inhibits biological processes that drive fibrosis. Experiments in cultured cells and a mouse model of fibrosis confirmed that miR-150 consistently improved the ASC secretome’s capacity to control liver fibrosis and minimize systemic inflammatory responses. This approach could thus offer a safe strategy for promoting tissue regeneration and preventing liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Yeol Paik
- Department of Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Surgery, Eunpeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Im Lee
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeyeon Seo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Park JH, Kim OH, Kim KH, Hong HE, Seo H, Choi HJ, Ahn J, Lee TY, Kim SJ. Isolation of Secretome with Enhanced Antifibrotic Properties from miR-214-Transfected Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e273. [PMID: 31760709 PMCID: PMC6875435 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretome refers to the total set of molecules secreted or surface-shed by stem cells. The limitations of stem cell research have led numerous investigators to turn their attention to the use of secretome instead of stem cells. In this study, we intended to reinforce antifibrotic properties of the secretome released from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) transfected with miR-214. METHODS We generated miR-214-transfected ASCs, and extracted the secretome (miR214-secretome) from conditioned media of the transfected ASCs through a series of ultrafiltrations. Subsequently, we intravenously injected the miR-214-secretome into mice with liver fibrosis, and determined the effects of miR-214-secretome on liver fibrosis. RESULTS Compared with that by naïve secretome, liver fibrosis was ameliorated by intravenous infusion of miR-214-secretome into mice with liver fibrosis, which was demonstrated by significantly lower expression of fibrosis-related markers (alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β, and metalloproteinases-2) in the livers as well as lower fibrotic scores in the special stained livers compared with naïve secretome. The infusion of miR-214-secretome also led to lesser local and systemic inflammation, higher expression of an antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase), and higher liver proliferative and synthetic function. CONCLUSION MicroRNA-214 transfection stimulates ASCs to release the secretome with higher antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties. miR-214-secretome is thus expected to be one of the prominent ways of overcoming liver fibrosis, if further studies consistently validate its safety and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ok Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Eun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeyeon Seo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joseph Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Say June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Central Laboratory of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Industry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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The Roles of GABA in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Organs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4028394. [PMID: 31814874 PMCID: PMC6878816 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4028394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological process, which may lead to dysfunctions and failures of multiple organs. A flawless medical way of endogenous therapeutic target can illuminate accurate clinical applications. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been known as a marker in I/R injury of the central nervous system (mainly in the brain) for a long time, and it may play a vital role in the occurrence of I/R injury. It has been observed that throughout cerebral I/R, levels, syntheses, releases, metabolisms, receptors, and transmissions of GABA undergo complex pathological variations. Scientists have investigated the GABAergic enhancers for attenuating cerebral I/R injury; however, discussions on existing problems and mechanisms of available drugs were seldom carried out so far. Therefore, this review would summarize the process of pathological variations in the GABA system under cerebral I/R injury and will cover corresponding probable issues and mechanisms in using GABA-related drugs to illuminate the concern about clinical illness for accurately preventing cerebral I/R injury. In addition, the study will summarize the increasing GABA signals that can prevent I/R injuries occurring in peripheral organs, and the roles of GABA were also discussed correspondingly.
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16
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Oliva J. Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Organ Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215511. [PMID: 31694240 PMCID: PMC6862572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The shortage of donor organs is a major global concern. Organ failure requires the transplantation of functional organs. Donor’s organs are preserved for variable periods of warm and cold ischemia time, which requires placing them into a preservation device. Ischemia and reperfusion damage the organs, due to the lack of oxygen during the ischemia step, as well as the oxidative stress during the reperfusion step. Different methodologies are developed to prevent or to diminish the level of injuries. Preservation solutions were first developed to maximize cold static preservation, which includes the addition of several chemical compounds. The next chapter of organ preservation comes with the perfusion machine, where mechanical devices provide continuous flow and oxygenation ex vivo to the organs being preserved. In the addition of inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase and inhibitors of the proteasome, mesenchymal stem cells began being used 13 years ago to prevent or diminish the organ’s injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells (e.g., bone marrow stem cells, adipose derived stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells) have proven to be powerful tools in repairing damaged organs. This review will focus upon the use of some bone marrow stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and umbilical cord stem cells on preventing or decreasing the injuries due to ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Oliva
- Emmaus Medical, Inc., 21250 Hawthorne Blvd, Suite 800, Torrance, CA 90503, USA
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17
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Pinheiro D, Dias I, Ribeiro Silva K, Stumbo AC, Thole A, Cortez E, de Carvalho L, Weiskirchen R, Carvalho S. Mechanisms Underlying Cell Therapy in Liver Fibrosis: An Overview. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111339. [PMID: 31671842 PMCID: PMC6912561 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common feature in most pathogenetic processes in the liver, and usually results from a chronic insult that depletes the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes and activates multiple inflammatory pathways, recruiting resident and circulating immune cells, endothelial cells, non-parenchymal hepatic stellate cells, and fibroblasts, which become activated and lead to excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. The ongoing development of liver fibrosis results in a clinically silent and progressive loss of hepatocyte function, demanding the constant need for liver transplantation in clinical practice, and motivating the search for other treatments as the chances of obtaining compatible viable livers become scarcer. Although initially cell therapy has emerged as a plausible alternative to organ transplantation, many factors still challenge the establishment of this technique as a main or even additional therapeutic tool. Herein, the authors discuss the most recent advances and point out the corners and some controversies over several protocols and models that have shown promising results as potential candidates for cell therapy for liver fibrosis, presenting the respective mechanisms proposed for liver regeneration in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Isabelle Dias
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Stumbo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Thole
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Erika Cortez
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Lais de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Simone Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil.
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18
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Anger F, Camara M, Ellinger E, Germer CT, Schlegel N, Otto C, Klein I. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve Liver Regeneration After Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1451-1462. [PMID: 31495270 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a major obstacle in liver resection and transplantation surgery, especially in diseased organs. Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are reported to acutely alleviate hepatic IRI in mice by releasing bioactive membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs), but the long-term effects of MSC-derived EV on hepatic IRI are unknown. Given the considerable differentiation capacity of fibroblasts (FBs) during wound healing and their morphological similarities with MSC, the present study aimed to investigate the potential of these two cell types and their cell-derived EV in attenuating liver damage after IRI. EVs were isolated and purified from the supernatant of MSC and FB cultures and, subsequently, characterized by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blot. Liver injury and organ regeneration in a murine in vivo model of IRI were assessed by serum transaminase levels, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Changes in expression of inflammation-associated genes within liver tissue were evaluated by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MSC, MSC-derived EV, FB, and FB-derived EV were systemically administered before hepatic IRI. We found that MSC and MSC-derived EV decreased serum transaminase levels, reduced hepatic necrosis, increased the amount of Ki67-positive hepatocytes, and repressed the transcription of inflammation-associated genes. Although they had no impact on organ damage, FB and FB-derived EV showed some regenerative potential in the late phase of hepatic IRI. Compared to FB, MSC and their derived EV had a stronger potential to attenuate liver damage and improve organ regeneration after hepatic IRI. These results suggest that the key therapeutic factors are located within EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Anger
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Camara
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Ellinger
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Klein
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Shaik S, Martin EC, Hayes DJ, Gimble JM, Devireddy RV. Transcriptomic Profiling of Adipose Derived Stem Cells Undergoing Osteogenesis by RNA-Seq. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11800. [PMID: 31409848 PMCID: PMC6692320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent in nature that can be differentiated into various cells lineages such as adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic. The commitment of a cell to differentiate into a particular lineage is regulated by the interplay between various intracellular pathways and their resultant secretome. Similarly, the interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the ECM bound growth factors instigate several signal transducing events that ultimately determine ASC differentiation. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to identify the transcriptome profile of osteogenic induced ASCs to understand the associated genotype changes. Gene ontology (GO) functional annotations analysis using Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) bioinformatics resources on the differentially expressed genes demonstrated the enrichment of pathways mainly associated with ECM organization and angiogenesis. We, therefore, studied the expression of genes coding for matrisome proteins (glycoproteins, collagens, proteoglycans, ECM-affiliated, regulators, and secreted factors) and ECM remodeling enzymes (MMPs, integrins, ADAMTSs) and the expression of angiogenic markers during the osteogenesis of ASCs. The upregulation of several pro-angiogenic ELR+ chemokines and other angiogenic inducers during osteogenesis indicates the potential role of the secretome from differentiating ASCs in the vascular development and its integration with the bone tissue. Furthermore, the increased expression of regulatory genes such as CTNNB1, TGBR2, JUN, FOS, GLI3, and MAPK3 involved in the WNT, TGF-β, JNK, HedgeHog and ERK1/2 pathways suggests the regulation of osteogenesis through interplay between these pathways. The RNA-Seq data was also validated by performing QPCR on selected up- and down-regulated genes (COL10A1, COL11A1, FBLN, FERMT1, FN1, FOXF1, LAMA3, LAMA4, LAMB1, IGF1, WNT10B, MMP1, MMP3, MMP16, ADAMTS6, and ADAMTS14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahensha Shaik
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Daniel J Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- La Cell LLC and Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine and Departments of Medicine, Structural & Cellular Biology, and Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ram V Devireddy
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Kasap B, Kasap Ş, Vatansever S, Kendirci R, Yılmaz O, Çalışır M, Edgünlü T, Akın MN. Effects of adipose and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on vaginal atrophy in a rat menopause model. Gene 2019; 711:143937. [PMID: 31228541 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Vaginal atrophy is characterized by thinning of vaginal epithelial layers and decreased local blood flow. We aimed to evaluate the regenerative effects of Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) and Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDSC) on vaginal atrophy in rat menopause model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 4 (four) groups: sham, control, ADMSC, BMDSC. Vaginal epithelial thickness, structure of the lamina propria, blood vessels in the lamina propria, collagen deposition, and muscle structure were evaluated. Anti ER α, VEGF, VEGFR 1, Bax and bcl-2 antibodies were analyzed. Beta actin gene was used as endogenous control. Genetical differences among the groups were compared by using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U test. p < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS Epithelial thickness of ADMSC group was higher than control group, but less than sham group Epithelial thickness of BMDSC group was less than sham group. Lamina propria and muscle tissue of ADMSC and BMDSC groups were found to be similar to sham group. VEGFR-1, VEGF, Bax and ER-α staining levels were higher in ADMSC and BMDSC groups than control group. ADMSC group stained stronger with VEGFR-1 and VEGF than BMDSC group. Bcl-2 staining level was increased in ADMSC applied group. No statistically significant difference was detected in Bax and Bcl-2 genes and Bax-/Bcl-2 ratio. CONCLUSIONS Although genetic expression might have ended and could not be significantly demonstrated, histological and immunohistochemical results favor ADMSC application in vaginal atrophy rather than BMDSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Kasap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey.
| | - Şükrü Kasap
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| | - Seda Vatansever
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey; Experimental Health Science Research Center, Near East University, Nicoisa, Cyprus
| | - Remziye Kendirci
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Osman Yılmaz
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Meryem Çalışır
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tuba Edgünlü
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Melike Nur Akın
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
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Barzegar M, Kaur G, Gavins FNE, Wang Y, Boyer CJ, Alexander JS. Potential therapeutic roles of stem cells in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Stem Cell Res 2019; 37:101421. [PMID: 30933723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI), produced by an initial interruption of organ blood flow and its subsequent restoration, contributes significantly to the pathophysiologies of stroke, myocardial infarction, renal I/RI, intestinal I/RI and liver I/RI, which are major causes of disability (including transplant failure) and even mortality. While the restoration of blood flow is required to restore oxygen and nutrient requirements, reperfusion often triggers local and systemic inflammatory responses and subsequently elevate the ischemic insult where the duration of ischemia determines the magnitude of I/RI damage. I/RI increases vascular leakage, changes transcriptional and cell death programs, drives leukocyte entrapment and inflammation and oxidative stress in tissues. Therapeutic approaches which reduce complications associated with I/RI are desperately needed to address the clinical and economic burden created by I/RI. Stem cells (SC) represent ubiquitous and uncommitted cell populations with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into one or more developmental 'fates'. Like immune cells, stem cells can home to and penetrate I/R-injured tissues, where they can differentiate into target tissues and induce trophic paracrine signaling which suppress injury and maintain tissue functions perturbed by ischemia-reperfusion. This review article summarizes the present use and possible protective mechanisms underlying stem cell protection in diverse forms of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barzegar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - G Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - F N E Gavins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - C J Boyer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J S Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Peng CK, Wu SY, Tang SE, Li MH, Lin SS, Chu SJ, Huang KL. Protective Effects of Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cell-Conditioned Media against Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Lung Injury in Rats. Inflammation 2018; 40:1532-1542. [PMID: 28534140 PMCID: PMC7102066 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced acute lung injury are limited. Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (CM) has been reported to attenuate lung injury. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), a type of multipotent stem cells, are more easily obtained than mesenchymal stem cells. We hypothesize that NCSC-CM has anti-inflammatory properties that could protect against IR-induced lung injury in rats. In this study, NCSC-CM was derived from rat NCSCs. Typical acute lung injury was induced by 30-min ischemia followed by 90-min reperfusion in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected to analyze the degree of lung injury after the experiment. NCSC-CM was administered before ischemia and after reperfusion. NCSC-CM treatment significantly attenuated IR-induced lung edema, as indicated by decreases in pulmonary vascular permeability, lung weight gain, wet to dry weight ratio, lung weight to body weight ratio, pulmonary arterial pressure, and protein level in BALF. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the BALF were also significantly decreased. Additionally, NCSC-CM improved lung pathology and neutrophil infiltration in the lung tissue, and significantly suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and IκB-α degradation in the lung. However, heating NCSC-CM eliminated these protective effects. Our experiment demonstrates that NCSC-CM treatment decreases IR-induced acute lung injury and that the protective mechanism may be attributable to the inhibition of NF-κB activation and the inflammatory response. Therefore, NCSC-CM may be a novel approach for treating IR-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Kan Peng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shiuan Lin
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jye Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 161 Ming-Chuan East Road, Section 6, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, 161 Ming-Chuan East Road, Section 6, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Dubey NK, Mishra VK, Dubey R, Deng YH, Tsai FC, Deng WP. Revisiting the Advances in Isolation, Characterization and Secretome of Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082200. [PMID: 30060511 PMCID: PMC6121360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) seems to be a promising regenerative therapeutic agent due to the minimally invasive approach of their harvest and multi-lineage differentiation potential. The harvested adipose tissues are further digested to extract stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which is cultured, and the anchorage-dependent cells are isolated in order to characterize their stemness, surface markers, and multi-differentiation potential. The differentiation potential of ASCs is directed through manipulating culture medium composition with an introduction of growth factors to obtain the desired cell type. ASCs have been widely studied for its regenerative therapeutic solution to neurologic, skin, wound, muscle, bone, and other disorders. These therapeutic outcomes of ASCs are achieved possibly via autocrine and paracrine effects of their secretome comprising of cytokines, extracellular proteins and RNAs. Therefore, secretome-derivatives might offer huge advantages over cells through their synthesis and storage for long-term use. When considering the therapeutic significance and future prospects of ASCs, this review summarizes the recent developments made in harvesting, isolation, and characterization. Furthermore, this article also provides a deeper insight into secretome of ASCs mediating regenerative efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Viraj Krishna Mishra
- Applied Biotech Engineering Centre (ABEC), Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala 133101, India.
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Graduate Institute Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yue-Hua Deng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Chou Tsai
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Basic medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
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Human Adipose Stromal Cells Increase Survival and Mesenteric Perfusion Following Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. Shock 2018; 46:75-82. [PMID: 26796571 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal ischemia can quickly escalate to bowel necrosis and perforation. Transplantation of stem cells presents a novel treatment modality for this problem. We hypothesized that: human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) would increase survival and mesenteric perfusion to a greater degree compared with differentiated cellular controls following ischemic intestinal injury, and improved outcomes with hASC therapy would be associated with preservation of intestinal histological and tight junction architecture, and lower levels of systemic inflammation following intestinal injury. METHODS hASCs and keratinocytes (differentiated cellular control) were cultured on polystyrene flasks at 37°C in 5% CO2 in air. Adult male C57Bl6J mice were anesthetized and a midline laparotomy performed. The intestines were eviscerated, the small bowel mesenteric root identified, and intestinal ischemia was established by temporarily occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min with a noncrushing vascular clamp. Following ischemia, the clamp was removed, and the intestines were returned to the abdominal cavity. Before abdominal closure, 2 million hASCs or keratinocytes in 250 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (carrier for cells and control solution) were infused into the peritoneum. Animals were allowed to recover for 12 or 24 h (perfusion, histology, cytokine, and immunofluoresence studies), or 7 days (survival studies). Intestinal perfusion was assessed by laser Doppler imaging. Intestinal tissue segments were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as antibodies for the tight junction protein claudin-1. Separate aliquots of intestine, liver, and lung tissue were homogenized and assessed for inflammatory cytokines via multiplex beaded assay. RESULTS Animals administered hASCs following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury had significantly greater 7-day survival and better postischemic recovery of mesenteric perfusion compared with vehicle or keratinocyte therapy. hASCs also abated intestinal mucosal destruction, facilitated preservation of intestinal tight junctions, and decreased the systemic inflammatory response to injury. CONCLUSIONS Human adipose-derived stromal cells improved survival and mesenteric perfusion and attenuated the mucosal damage associated with intestinal I/R injury. hASCs should be considered as a plausible cell source for novel cellular treatment plans following intestinal ischemia.
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Lee SC, Kim KH, Kim OH, Lee SK, Hong HE, Won SS, Jeon SJ, Choi BJ, Jeong W, Kim SJ. Determination of optimized oxygen partial pressure to maximize the liver regenerative potential of the secretome obtained from adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:181. [PMID: 28774345 PMCID: PMC5543744 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hypoxic-preconditioned secretome from stem cells reportedly promotes the functional and regenerative capacity of the liver more effectively than a control secretome. However, the optimum oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in the cell culture system that maximizes the therapeutic potential of the secretome has not yet been determined. METHODS We first determined the cellular alterations in adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) cultured under different pO2 (21%, 10%, 5%, and 1%). Subsequently, partially hepatectomized mice were injected with the secretome of ASCs cultured under different pO2, and then sera and liver specimens were obtained for analyses. RESULTS Of all AML12 cells cultured under different pO2, the AML12 cells cultured under 1% pO2 showed the highest mRNA expression of proliferation-associated markers (IL-6, HGF, and VEGF). In the cell proliferation assay, the AML12 cells cultured with the secretome of 1% pO2 showed the highest cell proliferation, followed by the cells cultured with the secretome of 21%, 10%, and 5% pO2, in that order. When injected into the partially hepatectomized mice, the 1% pO2 secretome most significantly increased the number of Ki67-positive cells, reduced serum levels of proinflammatory mediators (IL-6 and TNF-α), and reduced serum levels of liver transaminases. In addition, analysis of the liver specimens indicated that injection with the 1% pO2 secretome maximized the expression of the intermediate molecules of the PIP3/Akt and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways, all of which are known to promote liver regeneration. CONCLUSIONS The data of this study suggest that the secretome of ASCs cultured under 1% pO2 has the highest liver reparative and regenerative potential of all the secretomes tested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kuon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Won
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jo Choi
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Oses C, Olivares B, Ezquer M, Acosta C, Bosch P, Donoso M, Léniz P, Ezquer F. Preconditioning of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells with deferoxamine increases the production of pro-angiogenic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors: Potential application in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178011. [PMID: 28542352 PMCID: PMC5438173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most frequent and troublesome complications of diabetes mellitus. Evidence from diabetic animal models and diabetic patients suggests that reduced availability of neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic factors in the nerves in combination with a chronic pro-inflammatory microenvironment and high level of oxidative stress, contribute to the pathogenesis of DN. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of great interest as therapeutic agents for regenerative purposes, since they can secrete a broad range of cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory factors. Therefore, the use of the MSC secretome may represent a promising approach for DN treatment. Recent data indicate that the paracrine potential of MSCs could be boosted by preconditioning these cells with an environmental or pharmacological stimulus, enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, we observed that the preconditioning of human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) with 150μM or 400μM of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFX) for 48 hours, increased the abundance of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in a concentration dependent manner, without affecting MSC morphology and survival. Activation of HIF-1α led to the up-regulation of the mRNA levels of pro-angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor alpha and angiopoietin 1. Furthermore this preconditioning increased the expression of potent neuroprotective factors, including nerve growth factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3, and cytokines with anti-inflammatory activity like IL4 and IL5. Additionally, we observed that these molecules, which could also be used as therapeutics, were also increased in the secretome of MSCs preconditioned with DFX compared to the secretome obtained from non-preconditioned cells. Moreover, DFX preconditioning significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity of the MSC secretome and they showed neuroprotective effects when evaluated in an in vitro model of DN. Altogether, our findings suggest that DFX preconditioning of AD-MSCs improves their therapeutic potential and should be considered as a potential strategy for the generation of new alternatives for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Oses
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belén Olivares
- Centro de Química Médica, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Acosta
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Paul Bosch
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Plaza, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Donoso
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Plaza, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Léniz
- Unidad de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética, Clínica Alemana. Av. Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo. Av. Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Ma HC, Wang X, Wu MN, Zhao X, Yuan XW, Shi XL. Interleukin-10 Contributes to Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Acute Liver Failure via Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling Pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:967-75. [PMID: 27064043 PMCID: PMC4831533 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.179794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has been proven to have therapeutic potential for acute liver failure (ALF). However, the mechanism remains controversial. Recently, modulation of inflammation by MSCs has been regarded as a crucial mechanism. The aim of the present study was to explore the soluble cytokines secreted by MSCs and their therapeutic effects in ALF. Methods: MSCs isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats were identified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Conditioned medium derived from MSCs (MSCs-CM) was collected and analyzed by a cytokine microarray. MSCs and MSCs-CM were transplanted into rats with D-galactosamine-induced ALF. Liver function, survival rate, histology, and inflammatory factors were determined. Exogenous recombinant rat interleukin (IL)-10, anti-rat IL-10 antibody, and AG490 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 [STAT3] signaling pathway inhibitor) were administered to explore the therapeutic mechanism of MSCs-CM. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 19.0, and all data were analyzed by the independent-sample t-test. Results: There are statistical differences of the survival curve between ALF+MSCs group and ALF+Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) group, as well as ALF+MSCs-CM group and ALF+DMEM group (all P < 0.05). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in the ALF+MSCs and ALF+MSCs-CM groups was lower than that in the ALF+DMEM group (865.53±52.80 vs. 1709.75±372.12 U/L and 964.72±414.59 vs. 1709.75±372.12 U/L, respectively, all P < 0.05); meanwhile, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level in the ALF+MSCs and ALF+MSCs-CM groups was lower than that in the ALF+DMEM group (2440.83±511.94 vs. 4234.35±807.30 U/L and 2739.83±587.33 vs. 4234.35±807.30 U/L, respectively, all P < 0.05). Furthermore, MSCs or MSCs-CM treatment significantly reduced serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1β, IL-6 levels and increased serum IL-10 level compared with DMEM (all P < 0.05). Proteome profile analysis of MSCs-CM indicated the presence of anti-inflammatory factors and IL-10 was the most distinct. Blocking of IL-10 confirmed the therapeutic significance of this cytokine. Phosphorylated STAT3 was upregulated after IL-10 infusion and inhibition of STAT3 by AG490 reversed the therapeutic effect of IL-10. Conclusions: The factors released by MSCs, especially IL-10, have the potential for therapeutic recovery of ALF, and the STAT3 signaling pathway may mediate the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Lei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
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Conditioned Media From Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Accelerates Healing in 3-Dimensional Skin Cultures. Ann Plast Surg 2016; 76:446-52. [PMID: 26954733 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing involves a number of factors that results in the production of a "closed" wound. Studies have shown, in animal models, acceleration of wound healing with the addition of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSC). The cause for the positive effect which these cells have on wound healing has not been elucidated. We have previously shown that addition of ADSC to the dermal equivalent in 3-dimensional skin cultures accelerates reepithelialization. We now demonstrate that conditioned media (CM) from cultured ADSC produced a similar rate of healing. This result suggests that a feedback from the 3-dimensional epithelial cultures to ADSC was not necessary to effect the accelerated reepithelialization. Mass spectrometry of CM from ADSC and primary human fibroblasts revealed differences in secretomes, some of which might have roles in the accelerating wound healing. Thus, the use of CM has provided some preliminary information on a possible mode of action.
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Lee SC, Jeong HJ, Lee SK, Kim SJ. Hypoxic Conditioned Medium From Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promotes Mouse Liver Regeneration Through JAK/STAT3 Signaling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:816-25. [PMID: 27102647 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) mainly exert their function by secreting materials that are collectively termed the secretome. Despite recent attention to the secretome as an alternative to stem cell therapy, the culture conditions for generating optimal secretome contents have not been determined. Therefore, we investigated the role of hypoxic-conditioned media (HCM) from ASCs. Normoxic-conditioned media (NCM) and HCM were obtained after culturing ASCs in 20% O2 or 1% O2 for 24 hours, respectively. Subsequently, partially hepatectomized mice were infused with saline, control medium, NCM, or HCM, and then sera and liver specimens were obtained for analyses. Hypoxia (1% O2) significantly increased mRNA expression of mediators from ASCs, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). HCM infusion significantly increased the number of Ki67-positive cells in the liver (p < .05). HCM infusion significantly increased phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and decreased suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in the liver (p < .05). To determine the role of IL-6 in liver regeneration, we then performed IL-6 RNA interference study. Conditioned media (CM) obtained from ASCs, which were transfected with either siIL-6 or siControl, were administered to partially hepatectomized mice. The siIL-6 CM groups exhibited lower liver proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) and markers of regeneration (protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, p-STAT3, HGF, and VEGF and liver weights) than the siControl CM groups (p < .05). Taken together, hypoxic preconditioning of ASCs increased expression of mediators promoting anti-inflammatory and regenerative responses. The liver regenerative effects of HCM appear to be mediated by persistent and uninhibited expression of STAT3 in the liver, which results from decreased expression of SOCS3. SIGNIFICANCE In this study, it was found that treatment with the medium from hypoxic-preconditioned adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) increased the viability of hepatotoxic hepatocytes and enhance liver regeneration in partially hepatectomized mice. In addition, the researchers first revealed that the hepatoprotective effects of hypoxic-conditioned media are mediated by persistent and uninhibited expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in the liver, which result from a decreased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. Therefore, the hypoxic preconditioning of ASCs is expected to play a crucial role in regenerative medicine by optimizing the production of a highly effective secretome from ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kuon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Transplantation of Immortalized CD34+ and CD34- Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improve Cardiac Function and Mitigate Systemic Pro-Inflammatory Responses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147853. [PMID: 26840069 PMCID: PMC4740491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various cell lineages and they are easily obtainable from patients, which makes them a promising candidate for cell therapy. However, a drawback is their limited life span during in vitro culture. Therefore, hTERT-immortalized CD34+ and CD34- mouse ADSC lines (mADSCshTERT) tagged with GFP were established. We evaluated the proliferation capacity, multi-differentiation potential, and secretory profiles of CD34+ and CD34- mADSCshTERTin vitro, as well as their effects on cardiac function and systemic inflammation following transplantation into a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to assess whether these cells could be used as a novel cell source for regeneration therapy in the cardiovascular field. CD34+ and CD34- mADSCshTERT demonstrated phenotypic characteristics and multi-differentiation potentials similar to those of primary mADSCs. CD34+ mADSCshTERT exhibited a higher proliferation ability compared to CD34- mADSCshTERT, whereas CD34- mADSCshTERT showed a higher osteogenic differentiation potential compared to CD34+ mADSCshTERT. Primary mADSCs, CD34+, and CD34- mADSCshTERT primarily secreted EGF, TGF-β1, IGF-1, IGF-2, MCP-1, and HGFR. CD34+ mADSCshTERT had higher secretion of VEGF and SDF-1 compared to CD34- mADSCshTERT. IL-6 secretion was severely reduced in both CD34+ and CD34- mADSCshTERT compared to primary mADSCs. Transplantation of CD34+ and CD34- mADSCshTERT significantly improved the left ventricular ejection fraction and reduced infarct size compared to AMI-induced rats after 28 days. At 28 days after transplantation, engraftment of CD34+ and CD34- mADSCshTERT was confirmed by positive Y chromosome staining, and differentiation of CD34+ and CD34- mADSCshTERT into endothelial cells was found in the infarcted myocardium. Significant decreases were observed in circulating IL-6 levels in CD34+ and CD34- mADSCshTERT groups compared to the AMI-induced control group. Transplantation of CD34- mADSCshTERT significantly reduced circulating MCP-1 levels compared to the AMI control and CD34+ mADSCshTERT groups. GFP-tagged CD34+ and CD34- mADSCshTERT are valuable resources for cell differentiation studies in vitro as well as for regeneration therapy in vivo.
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Factors Promote Tissue Repair in a Small-for-Size Ischemic Liver Model but Do Not Protect against Early Effects of Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:202975. [PMID: 26380314 PMCID: PMC4561317 DOI: 10.1155/2015/202975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of liver mass and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) are major contributors to postresectional liver failure and small-for-size syndrome. Mesenchymal stromal cell- (MSC-) secreted factors are described to stimulate regeneration after partial hepatectomy. This study investigates if liver-derived MSC-secreted factors also promote liver regeneration after resection in the presence of IRI.
C57BL/6 mice underwent IRI of 70% of their liver mass, alone or combined with 50% partial hepatectomy (PH). Mice were treated with MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) or unconditioned medium (UM) and sacrificed after 6 or 24 hours (IRI group) or after 48 hours (IRI + PH group). Blood and liver tissue were analyzed for tissue injury, hepatocyte proliferation, and gene expression. In the IRI alone model, serum ALT and AST levels, hepatic tissue damage, and inflammatory cytokine gene expression showed no significant differences between both treatment groups. In the IRI + PH model, significant reduction in hepatic tissue damage as well as a significant increase in hepatocyte proliferation was observed after MSC-CM treatment. Conclusion. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived factors promote tissue regeneration of small-for-size livers exposed to ischemic conditions but do not protect against early ischemia and reperfusion injury itself. MSC-derived factors therefore represent a promising treatment strategy for small-for-size syndrome and postresectional liver failure.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Hepatic Differentiation of Adult Somatic Stem Cells and Extraembryonic Stem Cells for Treating End Stage Liver Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:871972. [PMID: 26347063 PMCID: PMC4541019 DOI: 10.1155/2015/871972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortage of liver donors is a major handicap that prevents most patients from receiving liver transplantation and places them on a waiting list for donated liver tissue. Then, primary hepatocyte transplantation and bioartificial livers have emerged as two alternative treatments for these often fatal diseases. However, another problem has emerged. Functional hepatocytes for liver regeneration are in short supply, and they will dedifferentiate immediately in vitro after they are isolated from liver tissue. Alternative stem-cell-based therapeutic strategies, including hepatic stem cells (HSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are more promising, and more attention has been devoted to these approaches because of the high potency and proliferation ability of the cells. This review will focus on the general characteristics and the progress in hepatic differentiation of adult somatic stem cells and extraembryonic stem cells
in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of end stage liver diseases. The hepatic differentiation of stem cells would offer an ideal and promising source for cell therapy and tissue engineering for treating liver diseases.
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