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Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh, Doustvandi MA, Khiabani NA, Mohammadi M, Dastmalchi N, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. The Effects of siRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing of Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors on Drug Resistance to Oxaliplatin in Colorectal Cancer Cells. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022150109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Cenariu D, Zimta AA, Munteanu R, Onaciu A, Moldovan CS, Jurj A, Raduly L, Moldovan A, Florea A, Budisan L, Pop LA, Magdo L, Albu MT, Tonea RB, Muresan MS, Ionescu C, Petrut B, Buiga R, Irimie A, Gulei D, Berindan-Neagoe I. Hsa-miR-125b Therapeutic Role in Colon Cancer Is Dependent on the Mutation Status of the TP53 Gene. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050664. [PMID: 34066331 PMCID: PMC8148199 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer type worldwide and is highly dependent on DNA mutations that progressively appear and accumulate in the normal colon epithelium. Mutations in the TP53 gene appear in approximately half of these patients and have significant implications in disease progression and response to therapy. miR-125b-5p is a controversial microRNA with a dual role in cancer that has been reported to target specifically TP53 in colon adenocarcinomas. Our study investigated the differential therapeutic effect of miR-125b-5p replacement in colon cancer based on the TP53 mutation status of colon cancer cell lines. In TP53 mutated models, miR-125b-5p overexpression slows cancer cells’ malignant behavior by inhibiting the invasion/migration and colony formation capacity via direct downregulation of mutated TP53. In TP53 wild type cells, the exogenous modulation of miR-125b-5p did not significantly affect the molecular and phenotypic profile. In conclusion, our data show that miR-125b-5p has an anti-cancer effect only in TP53 mutated colon cancer cells, explaining partially the dual behavior of this microRNA in malignant pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cenariu
- MEDFUTURE—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street/Louis Pasteur 4–6 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (A.-A.Z.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (C.S.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimta
- MEDFUTURE—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street/Louis Pasteur 4–6 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (A.-A.Z.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (C.S.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- MEDFUTURE—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street/Louis Pasteur 4–6 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (A.-A.Z.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (C.S.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Anca Onaciu
- MEDFUTURE—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street/Louis Pasteur 4–6 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (A.-A.Z.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (C.S.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Cristian Silviu Moldovan
- MEDFUTURE—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street/Louis Pasteur 4–6 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (A.-A.Z.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (C.S.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (L.A.P.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (L.A.P.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Alin Moldovan
- MEDFUTURE—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street/Louis Pasteur 4–6 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (A.-A.Z.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (C.S.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Liviuta Budisan
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (L.A.P.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Laura Ancuta Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (L.A.P.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (M.T.A.); (R.B.T.)
| | - Mihai Tudor Albu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (M.T.A.); (R.B.T.)
| | - Rares Bogdan Tonea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (M.T.A.); (R.B.T.)
| | - Mihai-Stefan Muresan
- 5th Surgical Department, Municipal Hospital, 11 Tăbăcarilor Street, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-S.M.); (C.I.)
- Surgical and Gynecological Oncology Department, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta” Oncology Institute, Republicii 34–36 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery V, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Calin Ionescu
- 5th Surgical Department, Municipal Hospital, 11 Tăbăcarilor Street, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-S.M.); (C.I.)
- Department of Surgery V, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Petrut
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta” Oncology Institute, Republicii 34–36 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Urology, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rares Buiga
- Department of Pathology, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta” Oncology Institute, Republicii 34–36 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- 11th Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynaecological Oncology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34–36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE—Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu-Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu 23 Street/Louis Pasteur 4–6 Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (A.-A.Z.); (R.M.); (A.O.); (C.S.M.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-597-256
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.J.); (L.R.); (L.B.); (L.A.P.); (I.B.-N.)
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta” Oncology Institute, 34–36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Kashyap D, Garg VK, Goel N. Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis: Role in cancer development and prognosis. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 125:73-120. [PMID: 33931145 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, also named programmed cell death, is a fundament process required for morphogenetic homeostasis during early development and in pathophysiological conditions. It is come into existence in 1972 by work of Kerr, Wyllie and Currie and later on investigated during the research on development of the C. elegans. Trigger by several stimuli, apoptosis is necessary during the embryonic development and aging as homeostatic mechanism to control the cell population and also play a key role as defense mechanism against the immune responses and elimination of damaged cells. Cancer, a genetic disease, is a growing burden on the health and economy of both developing and developed countries. Every year there is tremendously increasing in the number of new cancer cases and mortality rate. Although, there is a significant improvement have been made in biotechnological and bioinformatic fields however, the therapeutic advantages and cancer etiology is still under explored. Several studies determined the deregulation of different apoptotic components during the cancer development and progression. Apoptosis relies on activation of distinct signaling pathways that are often deregulated in cancer. Thus, exploring the single or more than one apoptotic component underlying their expression in carcinogenesis could help to track the disease progression. Current book chapter will provide the several evidences supporting the use of different apoptotic components as prognosis and prediction markers in various human cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir Kashyap
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduation Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Neelam Goel
- Department of Information Technology, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Integrative systematic review meta-analysis and bioinformatics identifies MicroRNA-21 and its target genes as biomarkers for colorectal adenocarcinoma. Int J Surg 2020; 73:113-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Correlation study of GAPDH, Bcl-2, and Bax protein immunoexpression in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2018; 13:322-331. [PMID: 30581507 PMCID: PMC6300847 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2018.79813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide in males and females, respectively. Despite prominent progress in diagnosis and treatment, the recurrence rates are still high. A tumour hypoxic environment leads to an increase in glycolytic metabolism. The crucial intermediate component of glycolysis, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), could play a significant role in cancer progression. An increased level of GAPDH has been described in oncogene-induced transformation and anti-apoptotic function. In other studies, GAPDH has been involved in apoptosis induction. Aim We examined colorectal adenocarcinoma samples to assess the immunoexpression of GAPDH protein. We also evaluated the correlation between the expression of GAPDH protein and apoptotic parameters including expression of Bcl2 and Bax. Material and methods Paraffin sections were incubated for 60 min with primary antibody against GAPDH, Bcl-2, and Bax. Results Results of our study have shown that GAPDH expression in colorectal cancer is upregulated. We revealed significant positive correlation between expression of this protein and grade and size of tumour, and regional lymph node involvement. In the case of apoptosis-associated proteins, e.g. Bcl-2 and Bax, we found negative correlations between expression of these proteins and grade and size of tumour, lymphovascular invasion, and regional lymph node involvement. Finally, we demonstrated that GAPDH up-regulation is connected with down-regulation in Bcl-2 and Bax. Conclusions Up-regulation of GAPDH protein and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax may result in increased of cancer.
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Wu K, Zhang N, Ma J, Huang J, Chen J, Wang L, Zhang J. Long noncoding RNA FAL1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of human colon cancer cells. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:1093-1100. [PMID: 30290064 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Wu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen Univesity; Guangdong China
| | - Jiehong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong China
| | - Liang Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong China
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Drouet Y, Treilleux I, Viari A, Léon S, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Voirin N, de la Fouchardière C, Manship B, Puisieux A, Lasset C, Moyret-Lalle C. Integrated analysis highlights APC11 protein expression as a likely new independent predictive marker for colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7386. [PMID: 29743633 PMCID: PMC5943309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), approximately 50% of patients will present distant metastasis. Although significant progress has been made in treatments, most of them will die from the disease. We investigated the predictive and prognostic potential of APC11, the catalytic subunit of APC/C, which has never been examined in the context of CRC. The expression of APC11 was assessed in CRC cell lines, in tissue microarrays (TMAs) and in public datasets. Overexpression of APC11 mRNA was associated with chromosomal instability, lymphovascular invasion and residual tumor. Regression models accounting for the effects of well-known protein markers highlighted association of APC11 protein expression with residual tumor (odds ratio: OR = 6.51; 95% confidence intervals: CI = 1.54–27.59; P = 0.012) and metastasis at diagnosis (OR = 3.87; 95% CI = 1.20–2.45; P = 0.024). Overexpression of APC11 protein was also associated with worse distant relapse-free survival (hazard ratio: HR = 2.60; 95% CI = 1.26–5.37; P = 0.01) and worse overall survival (HR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.31–5.51; P = 0.007). APC11 overexpression in primary CRC thus represents a potentially novel theranostic marker of metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youenn Drouet
- Centre Léon Bérard, Département de Santé Publique, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Lyon, F-69373, France
| | | | - Alain Viari
- INRIA Grenoble-Rhône-Alpes, 655 Avenue de l'Europe, 38330, Montbonnot, Saint Martin, France.,Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique 'Gilles Thomas' Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Léon
- Centre Léon Bérard, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Mojgan Devouassoux-Shisheboran
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France.,INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France.,Université Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon, F-69008, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.,Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Nicolas Voirin
- Centre Léon Bérard, Département de Santé Publique, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service d'Hygiéne, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Lyon, F-69437, France
| | | | | | - Alain Puisieux
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France.,INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France.,Université Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon, F-69008, France.,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Lasset
- Centre Léon Bérard, Département de Santé Publique, Lyon, F-69008, France.,CNRS UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Lyon, F-69373, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France
| | - Caroline Moyret-Lalle
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69622, France. .,Université Lyon1, ISPB, Lyon, F-69008, France. .,LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.
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Angiodrastic Chemokines in Colorectal Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:1616973. [PMID: 29850390 PMCID: PMC5926520 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1616973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To study the expression of angiodrastic chemokines in colorectal tumors and correlate findings with clinicopathological parameters and survival. Methods The proangiogenic factor VEGF, the angiogenic chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL6, and the angiostatic chemokine CXCL4 were measured by ELISA in tumor and normal tissue of 35 stage II and III patients and correlated with the histopathology markers Ki67, p53, p21, bcl2, EGFR, and MLH1 and 5-year survival. The Wilcoxon and chi-square tests were used for statistical comparisons. Results There was a significant increase of CXCL6 (p = 0.005) and VEGF (p = 0.003) in cancerous tissue compared to normal. Patients with lower levels of CXCL8 and CXCL4 lived significantly longer. Patients with loss of EGFR expression had higher levels of CXCL8 while p21 loss was associated with higher levels of CXCL6. Chemokine levels were not correlated with TNM or Dukes classification. Strong expression of p53 was accompanied by decreased survival. Conclusions (1) The angiogenic factors CXCL6 and VEGF are increased in colorectal cancer tissue with no association with the clinical stage of the disease or survival. (2) However, increased levels of tissue CXCL8 and CXCL4 are associated with poor survival. (3) Strong expression of p53 is found in patients with poor survival.
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Abstract
Background Patients with positive lymph nodal involvement in colon cancer have always been deemed to fare worse than those without. However, questions have been increasingly raised on the true prognosis of T4N0 disease. We conducted this study to investigate how T4N0 disease would compare with T3N1 disease. Methods All patients with colon cancer treated from 2008 to 2014 was collected. Preoperative, intraoperative and histological information was compared between patients with T4N0 and T3N1 disease. Variables which significantly differed were included in multivariate analysis for recurrence and survival. Kaplan-Meier curves and cox regression analysis for time to recurrence and survival were evaluated. Results Seventy-eight patients had T4N0 colon cancer, while 160 had T3N1 disease. Vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion, total lymph node yield, and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy were identified as variables for evaluation. Over a median follow-up of 41.4 (range, 21.6-65.0) months for T4N0 patients and 42.4 (range, 21.1-63.8) months for T3N1 patients, there was no statistically significant difference in the association of stage of cancer with survival [overall survival (OS): 0.97 (95% CI, 0.38-2.45), P=0.94]. Kaplan-Meier curves also showed no difference in time to death (P=0.867). There was no statistically significant difference in the time to death [hazard ratio (HR): 0.56 (95% CI, 0.20-1.55), P=0.26]. Conclusions T4N0 colon cancers have similar outcomes to T3N1 disease and should be considered as stage III disease in future classification. Patients diagnosed with T4N0 disease should receive similar treatment as those with T3N1 disease and counselled accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedrick Kok Hong Chan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tian-Zhi Lim
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Expression and prognostic relevance of STAT3 and cyclin D1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 27:e132-8. [PMID: 22467101 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2012.9146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aim To guide clinicians in selecting treatment options for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is desirable to have reliable markers predicting clinical outcome. This study analyzed the correlation between signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and cyclin D1 in NSCLC and their association with clinicopathological features and survival. Methods We investigated 65 specimens of NSCLC tissues by immunohistochemistry using STAT3 and cyclin D1 antibodies. First we determined the correlation between STAT3 and cyclin D1 expression and the clinicopathological features of the tumor. Then we assessed the prognostic relevance of STAT3 and cyclin D1. Results A significant correlation was found between high levels of STAT3 expression and the degree of tumor differentiation. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between the expression of STAT3 and cyclin D1 (r=0.405, p=0.001). The overexpression of STAT3 and the presence of metastasis were significantly associated with shorter overall survival in univariate analysis (p=0.028 and p=0.036, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed that STAT3 expression was an independent prognostic factor (p=0.001). Conclusions STAT3 might be correlated with tumor differentiation, and its elevated expression may be an adverse prognostic indicator for patients with NSCLC. Activation of the STAT3/cyclin D1 signaling pathway may be attributed to the malignant transformation of NSCLC and may represent a possible target for therapy.
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Nagheh Z, Irani S, Mirfakhraie R, Dinarvand R. SN38-PEG-PLGA-verapamil nanoparticles inhibit proliferation and downregulate drug transporter ABCG2 gene expression in colorectal cancer cells. Prog Biomater 2017; 6:137-145. [PMID: 28948511 PMCID: PMC5700907 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-017-0073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are recognized to reduce the therapeutic side effects. One of the common problems in cancer treatment is cancer drug resistance, resulting from the over-expression of one energy-dependent transporter that enhances drug efflux. Irinotecan is used for metastatic colorectal cancer. The involvement of ABCG2 transporter in irinotecan resistance has been established. The current study was designed to characterize SN38-loaded pegylated (polyethylene glycol) PLGA [poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)]-verapamil nanoparticles (NPs), and to distinguish the cytotoxic effect of SN38-PEG-PLGA-Ver NPs and the ability of SN38-PEG-PLGA-Ver NPs to inhibit drug resistance through the inhibition of ABCG2 expression. The surface morphology of nanoparticles was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The drug cytotoxicity of SN38-PEG-PLGA-verapamil nanoparticles was measured by MTT assay with desired concentrations and SN38-PEG-PLGA-Ver at different incubation times. Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA level of ABCG2, BAX, and BCL2. The cellular uptake assay was performed to show the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. The size of NPs used in this study was about 179 nm with surface charge of -17.1 mV. MTT assay results showed that 1 μmol/L of free drug and 3 μmol/L of NPs could reduce HT29 cells by half (IC50) after 48 and 96 h, respectively. An increase in expression of BAX and a decrease in expression of ABCG2 were observed according to the real-time PCR. No significant change was detected in expression of BCL2. In conclusion, sufficient uptake of SN38-PEG-PLGA-Ver NPs and a significant decrease in expression of ABCG2 and an increase in expression of BAX and BAX/BCL2 ratio was observed after treatment with nanoparticles compared with free SN38. These results reveal that SN38-PEG-PLGA-Ver NPs can be an effective therapeutic method in colon cancer treatments and also may prevent anticancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nagheh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Saghapour E, Kermani S, Sehhati M. A novel feature ranking method for prediction of cancer stages using proteomics data. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184203. [PMID: 28934234 PMCID: PMC5608217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of cancers' stages has provided new opportunities for the development of novel, highly sensitive diagnostic tools which helps early detection of cancer. This paper introduces a new feature ranking approach called FRMT. FRMT is based on the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method (TOPSIS) which select the most discriminative proteins from proteomics data for cancer staging. In this approach, outcomes of 10 feature selection techniques were combined by TOPSIS method, to select the final discriminative proteins from seven different proteomic databases of protein expression profiles. In the proposed workflow, feature selection methods and protein expressions have been considered as criteria and alternatives in TOPSIS, respectively. The proposed method is tested on seven various classifier models in a 10-fold cross validation procedure that repeated 30 times on the seven cancer datasets. The obtained results proved the higher stability and superior classification performance of method in comparison with other methods, and it is less sensitive to the applied classifier. Moreover, the final introduced proteins are informative and have the potential for application in the real medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Saghapour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Kermani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohammadreza Sehhati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nandi D, Cheema PS, Jaiswal N, Nag A. FoxM1: Repurposing an oncogene as a biomarker. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:74-84. [PMID: 28855104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a tremendous progress in understanding the biology of cancer, which has led to more comprehensive approaches for global gene expression profiling and genome-wide analysis. This has helped to determine more sophisticated prognostic and predictive signature markers for the prompt diagnosis and precise screening of cancer patients. In the search for novel biomarkers, there has been increased interest in FoxM1, an extensively studied transcription factor that encompasses most of the hallmarks of malignancy. Considering the attractive potential of this multifarious oncogene, FoxM1 has emerged as an important molecule implicated in initiation, development and progression of cancer. Bolstered with the skill to maneuver the proliferation signals, FoxM1 bestows resistance to contemporary anti-cancer therapy as well. This review sheds light on the large body of literature that has accumulated in recent years that implies that FoxM1 neoplastic functions can be used as a novel predictive, prognostic and therapeutic marker for different cancers. This assessment also highlights the key features of FoxM1 that can be effectively harnessed to establish FoxM1 as a strong biomarker in diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptashree Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Neha Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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14
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Wang T, Jin Y, Yang W, Zhang L, Jin X, Liu X, He Y, Li X. Necroptosis in cancer: An angel or a demon? Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28651499 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317711539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, apoptosis has been regarded as the only form of programmed cell death. However, the traditional view has been challenged by the identification of several forms of regulated necrosis, including necroptosis. Necroptosis is typified by a necrotic cell death morphology and is controlled by RIP1, RIP3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. The physiological role of necroptosis is to serve as a "fail-safe" form of cell death for cells that fail to undergo apoptosis during embryonic development and disease defense. Currently, established studies have indicated that necroptosis is involved in cancer initiation and progression. Although elevated necroptosis contributes to cancer cell death, extensive cell death also increases the risk of proliferation and metastasis of the surviving cells by inducing the generation reactive oxygen species, activation of inflammation, and suppression of the immune response. Thus, questions regarding the overall impact of necroptosis on cancer remain open. In this review, we introduce the basic knowledge regarding necroptosis, summarize its dual effects on cancer progression, and analyze its advantages and disadvantages in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Wang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinji Jin
- 1 Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- 1 Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Liu
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan He
- 1 Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- 1 Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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15
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Son JC, Jeong HO, Park D, No SG, Lee EK, Lee J, Chung HY. miR-10a and miR-204 as a Potential Prognostic Indicator in Low-Grade Gliomas. Cancer Inform 2017; 16:1176935117702878. [PMID: 28469392 PMCID: PMC5397276 DOI: 10.1177/1176935117702878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and characterize microRNAs (miRNAs) that are related to radiosensitivity in low-grade gliomas (LGGs). The miRNA expression levels in radiosensitive and radioresistant LGGs were compared using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using the EBSeq package. The miRNA target genes were predicted using Web databases. Fifteen miRNAs were differentially expressed between the groups, with miR-10a and miR-204 being related to overall survival (OS) of patients with LGG. Patients with upregulated miR-10a expression had a higher mortality rate and shorter OS time, whereas patients with downregulated miR-204 expression had a lower mortality rate and longer OS time. Two genes, HSP90AA1 and CREB5, were targets for both miRNAs. Thus, this study suggests that expression of miR-10a and miR-204 is significantly related to both radiosensitivity and the survival of patients with LGG. These miRNAs could therefore act as clinical biomarkers for LGG prognosis and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Cheol Son
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Oh Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Deaui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Koera Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyoon No
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Koera Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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16
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Unler GK, Gokturk HS, Toprak E, Erinanc OH, Korkmaz H. Does the Presence of Endometrial Polyp Predict Colorectal Polyp? Am J Med Sci 2016; 351:129-32. [PMID: 26897266 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometrial polyps (EPs) and colorectal polyps (CPs) are common disorders and the incidence of both increase rapidly with aging. CPs are focal lesions and incidence increases with age. AIM In this study, we aimed to analyze retrospectively the relationship between the EPs and CPs sharing similar clinical and genetic factors in their etiopathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was retrospectively performed between 2010 and 2013 and it included patients diagnosed to have eEPs. The study group and the control group consisted of patients who were diagnosed with or without EPs and who underwent colonoscopy at the same period. RESULTS The study group was formed by 57 patients with diagnosis of EP who underwent colonoscopy during the same period. The control group consisted of 71 patients without EP examined with colonoscopy. Among 128 patients assessed in this study, 24 were diagnosed with CPs, all of which were adenomatous polyps smaller than 1cm. No hyperplastic or inflammatory polyps were diagnosed. While 18 of 57 patients with EPs had CPs, 6 of 71 control subjects had CPs. Hence, the risk of having CP was 5 times greater in patients with EP compared to those without (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that the prevalence of CPs increased significantly in postmenopausal patients with EPs. Recommending colonoscopy to these patients irrespective of age may be beneficial for detecting more CPs and preventing colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulhan Kanat Unler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Savas Gokturk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Erzat Toprak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Hilal Erinanc
- Department of Pathology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Korkmaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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17
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Min KW, Kim DH, Do SI, Pyo JS, Chae SW, Sohn JH, Kim K, Lee HJ, Kim DH, Oh S, Choi SH, Park YL, Park CH, Kwon MJ, Moon KM. High Ki67/BCL2 index is associated with worse outcome in early stage breast cancer. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:707-714. [DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Wan G, Mahajan A, Lidke D, Rajput A. Bcl-2 together with PI3K p110α regulates cell morphology and cell migration. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e2006. [PMID: 26633712 PMCID: PMC4720881 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Wan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - A Mahajan
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - D Lidke
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - A Rajput
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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19
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The H1047R point mutation in p110 alpha changes the morphology of human colon HCT116 cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15044. [PMID: 27551473 PMCID: PMC4979441 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) is involved in controlling changes in cell morphology, which is a highly coordinated cellular event. This event is powered by actin filament polymerization and remodeling. The gain-of-function mutations in the catalytic subunit of p110α of class IA PI3K, which occur in up to one-third of human colorectal cancers (CRCs), are capable of causing dysregulation of cell signaling and thus may result in the alteration in cell morphology and motility and in turn cause cancer metastasis. In vivo studies have demonstrated that cell lines bearing the H1047R point mutation, the most frequent cancer-specific mutation in the kinase domain of p110α, are more metastatic than cells carrying wild-type p110α. In the current study, we show that the H1047R in p110α of PI3K decreases F-actin polymerization, increases the formation of filopodia and significantly changes the cell morphology in HCT116 cancer cells. The anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), which is also involved in actin polymerization and cell migration, is downregulated by the H1047R mutation in p110α. Our data suggest that the H1047R mutation in PI3K is responsible for the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, alteration in cell morphology and enhancing cell motility, and that Bcl-2 may be involved in the H1047R mutation-mediated morphological changes and increased migratory capability.
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20
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Benard A, Janssen CM, van den Elsen PJ, van Eggermond MCJA, Hoon DSB, van de Velde CJH, Kuppen PJK. Chromatin status of apoptosis genes correlates with sensitivity to chemo-, immune- and radiation therapy in colorectal cancer cell lines. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1769-78. [PMID: 25292014 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The apoptosis pathway of programmed cell death is frequently deregulated in cancer. An intact apoptosis pathway is required for proper response to anti-cancer treatment. We investigated the chromatin status of key apoptosis genes in the apoptosis pathway in colorectal cancer cell lines in relation to apoptosis induced by chemo-, immune- or radiation therapy. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we measured the presence of transcription-activating histone modifications H3Ac and H3K4me3 and silencing modifications H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 at the gene promoter regions of key apoptosis genes Bax, Bcl2, Caspase-9, Fas (CD95) and p53. Cell lines DLD1, SW620, Colo320, Caco2, Lovo and HT29 were treated with cisplatin, anti-Fas or radiation. The apoptotic response was measured by flow cytometry using propidium iodide and annexin V-FITC. The chromatin status of the apoptosis genes reflected the activation status of the intrinsic (Bax, Bcl2, Caspase-9 and p53) and extrinsic (Fas) pathways. An active intrinsic apoptotic pathway corresponded to sensitivity to cisplatin and radiation treatment of cell lines DLD1, SW620 and Colo320. An active Fas promoter corresponded to an active extrinsic apoptotic pathway in cell line DLD1. mRNA expression data correlated with the chromatin status of the apoptosis genes as measured by ChIP. In conclusion, the results presented in this study indicate that the balance between activating and silencing histone modifications, reflecting the chromatin status of apoptosis genes, can be used to predict the response of tumor cells to different anti-cancer therapies and could provide a novel target to sensitize tumors to obtain adequate treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Benard
- Department of Surgery, K6-R, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Li T, Yuan G, Zhang L, Ye L, Li S, Fan Y, Sun J. ApoG2 inhibits the antiapoptotic protein, Mcl‑1, and induces mitochondria‑dependent apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6976-84. [PMID: 26352605 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide malignancy of high incidence and mortality. At present, there is a lack of effective drugs against CRC. The B‑cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) protein family members are considered to be closely associated with tumorigenesis and the chemoresistance of CRC. As a novel gossypol derivative targeting antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl‑2 family, apogossypolone (ApoG2) exhibits antitumor properties in various cancer types, although its effects against CRC remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of ApoG2 in vitro on CRC cells was investigated, with the aim of elucidating the underlying mechanism. Using an MTT assay, ApoG2 was revealed to inhibit the growth of the HT29, SW480 and HCT116 CRC cell lines in a dose‑ and a time‑dependent manner. Hoechst staining revealed that ApoG2 induced CRC cell apoptosis, marked by morphological changes, including cell shrinkage and nuclear fragmentation. Flow cytometric analysis also detected a higher apoptotic ratio following treatment with ApoG2. The ratio was dependent upon the concentration of ApoG2, which the cells were exposed to, and the duration of the exposure. Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that ApoG2 treatment led to the downregulation of the protein expression of Mcl‑1, and the interruption of the binding of Mcl‑1 to the protein Bax. Furthermore, treatment with ApoG2 led to the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and the activation of caspases 3 and 7. The present study revealed that ApoG2 inhibited the proliferation of the CRC cell lines through mitochondrial signaling pathway‑dependent apoptosis, which may be associated with the disruption of the function of the Mcl‑1 protein by ApoG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shuxia Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat‑sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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Benard A, Zeestraten ECM, Goossens-Beumer IJ, Putter H, van de Velde CJH, Hoon DSB, Kuppen PJK. DNA methylation of apoptosis genes in rectal cancer predicts patient survival and tumor recurrence. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1581-93. [PMID: 25064172 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of the apoptotic pathway, one of the hallmarks of tumor growth and -progression, has been shown to have prognostic value for tumor recurrence in rectal cancer. In order to develop clinically relevant biomarkers, we studied the methylation status of promoter regions of key apoptosis genes in rectal cancer patients, using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. DNA was extracted from fresh-frozen tumor tissues of 49 stage I-III rectal cancer patients and 10 normal rectal tissues. The results of this pilot study were validated in 88 stage III tumor tissues and 18 normal rectal tissues. We found that methylation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway genes Apaf1, Bcl2 and p53 correlated with the apoptotic status (M30) of the tumor. Combined survival analyses of these three genes, based on the number of genes showing high methylation (all low, 1 high, 2 high or all high), showed shorter patient survival and recurrence-free periods with an increasing number of methylated markers. Multivariate analyses showed significant differences for overall survival (p = 0.01; HR = 0.28 (0.09-0.83)), cancer-specific survival (p = 0.004; HR = 0.13 (0.03-0.67)) and distant recurrence-free survival (p = 0.001; HR = 0.22(0.05-0.94)). The shortest survival was observed for patients showing low methylation of all markers, which-as was expected-correlated with high apoptosis (M30), but also with high proliferation (Ki-67). The study of epigenetic regulation of apoptosis genes provides more insight in the tumorigenic process in rectal cancer and might be helpful in further refining treatment regimens for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Benard
- Department of Surgery, K6-R, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Wang RA, Lu YY, Fan DM. Reasons for cancer metastasis: A holistic perspective. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1199-1202. [PMID: 26807220 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over several years, scientists investigating cancer have focused their efforts on elucidating the mechanisms underlying cancer metastasis, with the aim of finding a way to inhibit this process. These mechanisms, however, only explain the process of cancer metastasis, but do not explain why cancer would metastasize in the first place. Cancer metastasizes due to several factors, namely attack by the immune system, lack of oxygen and necessary nutrients, large amounts of lactic acid produced by glycolysis and increased cell death. Therefore, the majority of the presently available treatments for cancer also bear the potential to induce metastasis. Thus, it is crucial in medical practice to minimize the risk of cancer metastasis during a time when there are no effective means to inhibit this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-An Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - You-Yong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Dai-Ming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China; Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Menon DB, Gopalakrishnan VK. Terpenoids Isolated From the Shoot ofPlectranthus hadiensisInduces Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells Via the Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:697-705. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1019631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Gene mutation's role in initiating carcinogenesis has been controversial, but it is consensually accepted that both carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis are gene-regulated processes. MTA1, a metastasis-associated protein, has been extensively researched, especially regarding its role in cancer metastasis. In this review, I try to elucidate MTA1's role in both carcinogenesis and metastasis from a different angle. I propose that MTA1 is a stress response protein that is upregulated in various stress-related situations such as heat shock, hypoxia, and ironic radiation. Cancer cells are mostly living in a stressful environment of hypoxia, lack of nutrition, and immune reaction attacks. To cope with all these stresses, MTA1 expression is upregulated, plays a role of master regulator of gene expression, and helps cancer cells to survive and migrate out of their original dwelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-An Wang
- State Key Lab for Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China,
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26
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Nicholson AD, Guo X, Sullivan CA, Cha CH. Automated Quantitative Analysis of Tissue Microarray of 443 Patients with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Low Expression of Bcl-2 Predicts Poor Survival. J Am Coll Surg 2014; 219:977-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Shanmugam V, Ramanathan RK, Lavender NA, Sinari S, Chadha M, Liang WS, Kurdoglu A, Izatt T, Christoforides A, Benson H, Phillips L, Baker A, Murray C, Hostetter G, Von Hoff DD, Craig DW, Carpten JD. Whole genome sequencing reveals potential targets for therapy in patients with refractory KRAS mutated metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2014; 7:36. [PMID: 24943349 PMCID: PMC4074842 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) following first line therapy is poor, with median survival of less than one year. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate therapeutically targetable somatic events in mCRC patient samples by whole genome sequencing (WGS), so as to obtain targeted treatment strategies for individual patients. Methods Four patients were recruited, all of whom had received > 2 prior therapy regimens. Percutaneous needle biopsies of metastases were performed with whole blood collection for the extraction of constitutional DNA. One tumor was not included in this study as the quality of tumor tissue was not sufficient for further analysis. WGS was performed using Illumina paired end chemistry on HiSeq2000 sequencing systems, which yielded coverage of greater than 30X for all samples. NGS data were processed and analyzed to detect somatic genomic alterations including point mutations, indels, copy number alterations, translocations and rearrangements. Results All 3 tumor samples had KRAS mutations, while 2 tumors contained mutations in the APC gene and the PIK3CA gene. Although we did not identify a TCF7L2-VTI1A translocation, we did detect a TCF7L2 mutation in one tumor. Among the other interesting mutated genes was INPPL1, an important gene involved in PI3 kinase signaling. Functional studies demonstrated that inhibition of INPPL1 reduced growth of CRC cells, suggesting that INPPL1 may promote growth in CRC. Conclusions Our study further supports potential molecularly defined therapeutic contexts that might provide insights into treatment strategies for refractory mCRC. New insights into the role of INPPL1 in colon tumor cell growth have also been identified. Continued development of appropriate targeted agents towards specific events may be warranted to help improve outcomes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John D Carpten
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is a key transcription factor that regulates the expression of over a hundred cytoprotective and antioxidant genes that provide cellular protection from reactive oxygen species. Chemotherapy resistance in several cancers has been linked to dysregulation of the NRF2 signalling pathway, moreover there is growing evidence that NRF2 may contribute to tumorigenesis. MicroRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA sequences that post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA sequences. In cancer pathogenesis, aberrantly expressed miRNAs can act as either tumor suppressor or oncogenic miRNA. Recent evidence has been described that identifies a number of miRNA that can be regulated by NRF2. This review outlines the importance of NRF2 in regulating miRNA, and the functional role this may have in the tumorigenesis of human malignancies and their chemotherapy resistance.
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29
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Maness L, Goktepe I, Chen H, Ahmedna M, Sang S. Impact of Phytolacca americana
Extracts on Gene Expression of Colon Cancer Cells. Phytother Res 2013; 28:219-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Maness
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Food and Nutritional Sciences Program; Greensboro NC 27411 USA
| | - I. Goktepe
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Food and Nutritional Sciences Program; Greensboro NC 27411 USA
| | - H. Chen
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Center of Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Research Campus; Kannapolis NC 28081 USA
| | - M. Ahmedna
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Center of Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Research Campus; Kannapolis NC 28081 USA
| | - S. Sang
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University; Center of Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Research Campus; Kannapolis NC 28081 USA
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Wang RA, Li QL, Li ZS, Zheng PJ, Zhang HZ, Huang XF, Chi SM, Yang AG, Cui R. Apoptosis drives cancer cells proliferate and metastasize. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:205-11. [PMID: 23305095 PMCID: PMC3823150 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been considered to be the result of accumulated gene mutations, which result in uncontrolled cell proliferations for a long time. Cancers are also regarded to be capable of immune evasion. Furthermore, resistance to apoptosis was recognized as an important trait of cancer in the last score of years. However, there are numerous paradoxical issues in this whole set of theory. For example, there is no known set of genes of which mutations are responsible for human cancers. As for the trait of ‘resistance to apoptosis’, the fact is that cancer has increased frequency of apoptosis. The more malignant the tumour is, the more apoptosis shows. In this study, we propose a new theory that apoptosis plays a key role in the malignant progression and metastasis of cancer. The growth of tumour is the difference between tumour cell proliferation and attrition plus the hyperplastic growth of stroma. Increased and unpreventable death caused by innate or environmental factors such as ischaemia and inflammation drives the tumour cells to proliferate relentlessly, move to new lands to establish colonies. In short, increased cell death is the origin of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-An Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Peng Y, Wang L, Gu J. Elevated preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Ki67 is predictor of decreased survival in IIA stage colon cancer. World J Surg 2013; 37:208-13. [PMID: 23052808 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to investigate the prognostic factors of stage IIA (pT3N0M0) colon cancer. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with stage IIA colon cancer treated with curative surgery alone from January 2004 to June 2008 in Peking University Cancer Hospital. Patient demographics, and clinical, histopathologic, and laboratory data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to identify prognostic factors associated with 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS For the 84 valid cases reviewed in this study, the 3-year DFS was 88.1 %. That for a group with elevated CEA was 77.1 % and for a group with a normal CEA level, it was 95.9 %, with statistical difference (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CEA level (p = 0.012, OR = 8.013, 1.573-40.817), expression of Ki67 (p = 0.099, OR = 3.298, 0.799-3.610), male gender (p = 0.024, OR = 7.212, 1.293-40.237), and anemia (p = 0.011, OR = 6.461, 1.537-27.151) were the independent prognostic factors for 3-year DFS. Stratified analysis revealed that an elevated CEA level combined with high expression of Ki67 was associated with poorer prognosis (3-year DFS 70 %). CONCLUSIONS An elevated preoperative serum level of CEA and high expression of Ki67 in tumor tissue were predictors of poor prognosis for patients with stage IIA colon cancer. These patients should therefore be considered candidates for receiving intensive surveillance. Future clinical trials using multicenter patient cohorts should be prospectively performed to evaluate whether these high-risk patients could benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Pradhan MP, Prasad NKA, Palakal MJ. A systems biology approach to the global analysis of transcription factors in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:331. [PMID: 22852817 PMCID: PMC3539921 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biological entities do not perform in isolation, and often, it is the nature and degree of interactions among numerous biological entities which ultimately determines any final outcome. Hence, experimental data on any single biological entity can be of limited value when considered only in isolation. To address this, we propose that augmenting individual entity data with the literature will not only better define the entity’s own significance but also uncover relationships with novel biological entities. To test this notion, we developed a comprehensive text mining and computational methodology that focused on discovering new targets of one class of molecular entities, transcription factors (TF), within one particular disease, colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods We used 39 molecular entities known to be associated with CRC along with six colorectal cancer terms as the bait list, or list of search terms, for mining the biomedical literature to identify CRC-specific genes and proteins. Using the literature-mined data, we constructed a global TF interaction network for CRC. We then developed a multi-level, multi-parametric methodology to identify TFs to CRC. Results The small bait list, when augmented with literature-mined data, identified a large number of biological entities associated with CRC. The relative importance of these TF and their associated modules was identified using functional and topological features. Additional validation of these highly-ranked TF using the literature strengthened our findings. Some of the novel TF that we identified were: SLUG, RUNX1, IRF1, HIF1A, ATF-2, ABL1, ELK-1 and GATA-1. Some of these TFs are associated with functional modules in known pathways of CRC, including the Beta-catenin/development, immune response, transcription, and DNA damage pathways. Conclusions Our methodology of using text mining data and a multi-level, multi-parameter scoring technique was able to identify both known and novel TF that have roles in CRC. Starting with just one TF (SMAD3) in the bait list, the literature mining process identified an additional 116 CRC-associated TFs. Our network-based analysis showed that these TFs all belonged to any of 13 major functional groups that are known to play important roles in CRC. Among these identified TFs, we obtained a novel six-node module consisting of ATF2-P53-JNK1-ELK1-EPHB2-HIF1A, from which the novel JNK1-ELK1 association could potentially be a significant marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeta P Pradhan
- School of Informatics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Marin JJG, Sanchez de Medina F, Castaño B, Bujanda L, Romero MR, Martinez-Augustin O, Moral-Avila RD, Briz O. Chemoprevention, chemotherapy, and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Drug Metab Rev 2012; 44:148-72. [PMID: 22497631 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2011.638303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Nakagawa M, Bando Y, Nagao T, Takai C, Ohnishi T, Honda J, Moriya T, Izumi K, Takahashi M, Tangoku A, Sasa M. Among triple-negative breast cancers, HER2(0) breast cancer shows a strong tendency to be basal-like compared with HER2(1+) breast cancer: preliminary results. Breast Cancer 2011; 19:54-9. [PMID: 21465226 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-011-0265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer (ER-negative, PgR-negative, HER2-negative; TNBC) is performed by means of immunohistological staining. HER2-negative includes HER2(0) and HER2(1+), based on differences in the staining intensity, but there have been no reports on comparison of these two types in TNBC. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the possible differences in the biological characteristics of HER2(0) breast cancer and HER2(1+) breast cancer in TNBC. METHODS Tissue specimens from 89 TNBC patients were immunohistochemically stained for CK5/6, EGFR, p53, Ki67, E-cadherin, TOP2A and Bcl-2. The expressions of these markers and the clinicopathological findings were compared between the HER2(0) patient group and the HER2(1+) patient group. When either CK5/6 or EGFR was positive, the specimen was judged to be the basal-like phenotype of breast cancer. RESULTS The percentages of CK5/6- and/or EGFR-positive specimens in the HER2(0) and HER2(1+) groups were 44.9 and 16.8%, respectively, showing that there was a significantly greater number of basal-like phenotype patients in the HER2(0) group (p < 0.01). The percentage of E-cadherin-positive specimens in the HER2(0) group was 66.6%, which was significantly greater than the 40.0% recorded in the HER2(1+) group (p < 0.05). The respective percentages of TOP2A-positive specimens in the HER2(0) and HER2(1+) groups were 55.0 and 30.0%, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In TNBC, HER2(0) breast cancer showed a strong tendency to include more of the basal-like phenotype compared with HER2(1+) breast cancer. The staining results indicated the possibility that HER2(0) breast cancer and HER2(1+) breast cancer have different characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nakagawa
- Department of Thoracic, Endocrine Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Health Bioscience, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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Fibroblast and prostate tumor cell cross-talk: fibroblast differentiation, TGF-β, and extracellular matrix down-regulation. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:3207-26. [PMID: 20727350 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Growth and survival of tumors at a site of metastasis involve interactions with stromal cells in the surrounding environment. Stromal cells aid tumor cell growth by producing cytokines as well as by modifying the environment surrounding the tumor through modulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are biologically active components of the ECM which can be altered in the stroma surrounding tumors. The influence tumor cells have on stromal cells has been well elucidated. However, little is understood about the effect metastatic cancer cells have on the cell biology and behavior of the local stromal cells. Our data reveal a significant down-regulation in the expression of ECM components such as collagens I, II, III, and IV, and the SLRPs, decorin, biglycan, lumican, and fibromodulin in stromal cells when grown in the presence of two metastatic prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145. Interestingly, TGF-β down-regulation was observed in stromal cells, as well as actin depolymerization and increased vimentin and α5β1 integrin expression. MT1-MMP expression was upregulated and localized in stromal cell protrusions which extended into the ECM. Moreover, enhanced stromal cell migration was observed after cross-talk with metastatic prostate tumor cells. Xenografting metastatic prostate cancer cells together with "activated" stromal cells led to increased tumorigenicity of the prostate cancer cells. Our findings suggest that metastatic prostate cancer cells create a metastatic niche by altering the phenotype of local stromal cells, leading to changes in the ECM.
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