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Andersen AG, Riparbelli AC, Siebner HR, Konge L, Bjerrum F. Using neuroimaging to assess brain activity and areas associated with surgical skills: a systematic review. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:3004-3026. [PMID: 38653901 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-10830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical skills acquisition is under continuous development due to the emergence of new technologies, and there is a need for assessment tools to develop along with these. A range of neuroimaging modalities has been used to map the functional activation of brain networks while surgeons acquire novel surgical skills. These have been proposed as a method to provide a deeper understanding of surgical expertise and offer new possibilities for the personalized training of future surgeons. With studies differing in modalities, outcomes, and surgical skills there is a need for a systematic review of the evidence. This systematic review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the topic and evaluate the potential use of neuroimaging in surgical education. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of neuroimaging studies that mapped functional brain activation while surgeons with different levels of expertise learned and performed technical and non-technical surgical tasks. We included all studies published before July 1st, 2023, in MEDLINE, EMBASE and WEB OF SCIENCE. RESULTS 38 task-based brain mapping studies were identified, consisting of randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and observational cohort or cross-sectional studies. The studies employed a wide range of brain mapping modalities, including electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, activating brain areas involved in the execution and sensorimotor or cognitive control of surgical skills, especially the prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and primary motor area, showing significant changes between novices and experts. CONCLUSION Functional neuroimaging can reveal how task-related brain activity reflects technical and non-technical surgical skills. The existing body of work highlights the potential of neuroimaging to link task-related brain activity patterns with the individual level of competency or improvement in performance after training surgical skills. More research is needed to establish its validity and usefulness as an assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Ghosh Andersen
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Center for Human Resources and Education, The Capital Region of Denmark, Ryesgade 53B, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Agnes Cordelia Riparbelli
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Center for Human Resources and Education, The Capital Region of Denmark, Ryesgade 53B, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Konge
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Center for Human Resources and Education, The Capital Region of Denmark, Ryesgade 53B, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Bjerrum
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Center for Human Resources and Education, The Capital Region of Denmark, Ryesgade 53B, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Gastrounit, Surgical Section, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Sustainable Approach to Certification of Persons: Ensuring Reliability and Quality. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, sustainability issues are gaining more and more topicality in the context of improving organizational processes, including in the field of conformity assessment. In the field of certification of persons, competence assessment institutions have also become interested in using new approaches as the quality of assessment execution does not fully meet the requirements of stakeholders regarding the ability of a person to apply the acquired knowledge and skills in situations related to the professional activity. The aim of the research is to analyze the aspects of professional competence assessment related to the certification of persons and its performance according to the stakeholder requirements in order to develop a new sustainable approach to the process of certification of persons that would ensure the quality and reliability of its execution. Qualitative and quantitative research methods have been used to analyze the elements of the concept of certification of persons and the main elements of the concept of professional competence. As a result of the research, a new sustainable approach to certification of persons is offered, where certification of persons transforms from a conformity assessment procedure into a professional competence assessment process and ensures that a person’s ability is assessed not only in accordance with the industry requirements, but also with the stakeholder needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bilgic
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Education, McGill University, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, #D6.136, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Sofia Valanci-Aroesty
- Department of Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, #D6.136, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Gerald M Fried
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, #D6.136, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
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Bilgic E, Al Mahroos M, Landry T, Fried GM, Vassiliou MC, Feldman LS. Assessment of surgical performance of laparoscopic benign hiatal surgery: a systematic review. Surg Endosc 2019; 33:3798-3805. [PMID: 30671670 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-06662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Operative skills correlate with patient outcomes, yet at the completion of training or after learning a new procedure, these skills are rarely formally evaluated. There is interest in the use of summative video assessment of laparoscopic benign foregut and hiatal surgery (LFS). If this is to be used to determine competency, it must meet the robust criteria established for high-stakes assessments. The purpose of this review is to identify tools that have been used to assess performance of LFS and evaluate the available validity evidence for each instrument. METHODS A systematic search was conducted up to July 2017. Eligible studies reported data on tools used to assess performance in the operating room during LFS. Two independent reviewers considered 1084 citations for eligibility. The characteristics and testing conditions of each assessment tool were recorded. Validity evidence was evaluated using five sources of validity (content, response process, internal structure, relationship to other variables, and consequences). RESULTS There were six separate tools identified. Two tools were generic to laparoscopy, and four were specific to LFS [two specific to Nissen fundoplication (NF), one heller myotomy (HM), and one paraesophageal hernia repair (PEH)]. Overall, only one assessment was supported by moderate evidence while the others had limited or unknown evidence. Validity evidence was based mainly on internal structure (all tools reporting reliability and item analysis) and content (two studies referencing previous papers for tool development in the context of clinical assessment, and four listing items without specifying the development procedures). There was little or no evidence supporting test response process (one study reporting rater training), relationship to other variables (two comparing scores in subjects with different clinical experience), and consequences (no studies). Two tools were identified to have evidence for video assessment, specific to NF. CONCLUSION There is limited evidence supporting the validity of assessment tools for laparoscopic foregut surgery. This precludes their use for summative video-based assessment to verify competency. Further research is needed to develop an assessment tool designed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bilgic
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al Mahroos
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tara Landry
- Montreal General Hospital Medical Library, McGill University Health Centre, 1650, Cedar Avenue, L9. 309, Montréal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Gerald M Fried
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melina C Vassiliou
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Liane S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Vergis A, Steigerwald S. Skill Acquisition, Assessment, and Simulation in Minimal Access Surgery: An Evolution of Technical Training in Surgery. Cureus 2018; 10:e2969. [PMID: 30221097 PMCID: PMC6136887 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminishing resources and expanding technologies, such as minimal access surgery, have complicated the acquisition and assessment of technical skills in surgical training programs. However, these challenges have been met with both innovation and an evolution in our understanding of how learners develop technical competence and how to better measure it. As these skills continue to grow in breadth and complexity, so too must the surgical education systems’ ability. This literature review examines and describes the pressures placed on surgical education programs and the development of methods to ameliorate them with a focus on surgical simulation.
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A novel assessment tool for evaluating competence in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy. Surg Endosc 2018; 32:4173-4182. [PMID: 29603007 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific assessment tools can accelerate trainees' learning through structured feedback and ensure that trainees attain the knowledge and skills required to practice as competent, independent surgeons (competency-based surgical education). The objective was to develop an assessment tool for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy by achieving consensus within an international group of VATS experts. METHOD The Delphi method was used as a structured process for collecting and distilling knowledge from a group of internationally recognized VATS experts. Opinions were obtained in an iterative process involving answering repeated rounds of questionnaires. Responses to one round were summarized and integrated into the next round of questionnaires until consensus was reached. RESULTS Thirty-one VATS experts were included and four Delphi rounds were conducted. The response rate for each round were 68.9% (31/45), 100% (31/31), 96.8% (30/31), and 93.3% (28/30) for the final round where consensus was reached. The first Delphi round contained 44 items and the final VATS lobectomy Assessment Tool (VATSAT) comprised eight items with rating anchors: (1) localization of tumor and other pathological tissue, (2) dissection of the hilum and veins, (3) dissection of the arteries, (4) dissection of the bronchus, (5) dissection of lymph nodes, (6) retrieval of lobe in bag, (7) respect for tissue and structures, and (8) technical skills in general. CONCLUSION A novel and dedicated assessment tool for VATS lobectomy was developed based on VATS experts' consensus. The VATSAT can support the learning of VATS lobectomy by providing structured feedback and help supervisors make the important decision of when trainees have acquired VATS lobectomy competencies for independent performance.
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Roohipoor R, Yaseri M, Teymourpour A, Kloek C, Miller JB, Loewenstein JI. Early Performance on an Eye Surgery Simulator Predicts Subsequent Resident Surgical Performance. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2017; 74:1105-1115. [PMID: 28434885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine early performance on an eye surgery simulator and its relationship to subsequent live surgical performance in a single large residency program. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology. METHODS In a retrospective study, we compared performance of 30 first-year ophthalmology residents on an eye surgery simulator to their surgical skills as third-year residents. Variables collected from the eye surgery simulator included scores on the following modules of the simulator (Eyesi, VRmagic, Mannheim, Germany): antitremor training level 1, bimanual training level 1, capsulorhexis level 1 (configured), forceps training level 1, and navigation training level 1. Subsequent surgical performance was assessed using the total number of phacoemulsification cataract surgery cases for each resident, as well as the number performed as surgeon during residency and scores on global rating assessment of skills in intraocular surgery (GRASIS) scales during the third year of residency. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between each of the simulator performance and subsequent surgical performance variables. We also compared variables in a small group of residents who needed extra help in learning cataract surgery to the other residents in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relationships between Eyesi scores early in residency and surgical performance measures in the final year of residency. RESULTS A total of 30 residents had Eyesi data from their first year of residency and had already graduated so that all subsequent surgical performance data were available. There was a significant correlation between capsulorhexis task score on the simulator and total surgeries (r = 0.745, p = 0.008). There was a significant correlation between antitremor training level 1 (r = 0.554, p = 0.040), and forceps training level 1 (r = 0.622, p = 0.023) with primary surgery numbers. There was a significant correlation between forceps training level 1 (r = 0.811, p = 0.002), and navigation training level 1 (r = 0.692, p = 0.013) with total GRASIS score. There was a significant inverse correlation between total GRASIS score and residents in need of extra help (r = -0.358, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Module scores on an eye surgery simulator early in residency may predict a resident׳s future performance in the operating room. These scores may allow early identification of residents in need of supplemental training in cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramak Roohipoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biostatistic Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Teymourpour
- Biostatistic Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carolyn Kloek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John B Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John I Loewenstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Systematic review of the implementation of simulation training in surgical residency curriculum. Surg Today 2016; 47:777-782. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-016-1455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Blackmon SH, Cooke DT, Whyte R, Miller D, Cerfolio R, Farjah F, Rocco G, Blum M, Hazelrigg S, Howington J, Low D, Swanson S, Fann JI, Ikonomidis JS, Wright C, Grondin SC. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Expert Consensus Statement: A Tool Kit to Assist Thoracic Surgeons Seeking Privileging to Use New Technology and Perform Advanced Procedures in General Thoracic Surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2016; 101:1230-7. [PMID: 27124326 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanda H Blackmon
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - David T Cooke
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Richard Whyte
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Miller
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, WellStar Health System, Marietta, Georgia
| | - Robert Cerfolio
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Farhood Farjah
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- National Cancer Institute, Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy
| | - Matthew Blum
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Hospital-University of Colorado Health, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Stephen Hazelrigg
- Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois
| | - John Howington
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Donald Low
- Esophageal Center of Excellence, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Scott Swanson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James I Fann
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - John S Ikonomidis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Cameron Wright
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sean C Grondin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Bilgic E, Watanabe Y, McKendy KM, Ito Y, Vassiliou MC. Reliable Assessment of Performance in Surgery: A Practical Approach to Generalizability Theory. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2015; 72:774-775. [PMID: 26117079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Ni M, Mackenzie H, Widdison A, Jenkins JT, Mansfield S, Dixon T, Slade D, Coleman MG, Hanna GB. What errors make a laparoscopic cancer surgery unsafe? An ad hoc analysis of competency assessment in the National Training Programme for laparoscopic colorectal surgery in England. Surg Endosc 2015; 30:1020-7. [PMID: 26099620 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Training Programme for laparoscopic colorectal surgery in England was implemented to ensure training was supervised, structured, safe and effective. Delegates were required to pass a competency assessment (sign-off) before undertaking independent practice. This study described the types of errors identified and associated these errors with competency to progress to independent laparoscopic colorectal practice. METHODS All sign-off submissions from the start of the process in January 2008 until July 2013 were included. Content analysis was used to categorise errors. Bayes factor (BF) was used to measure the impact of individual error on assessment outcome. A smaller BF indicates that an error has stronger associations with unsuccessful assessments. Bayesian network was employed to graphically represent the reasoning process whereby the chance of successful assessment diminished with the identification of each error. Quality of the error feedback was measured by the area under the ROC curve which linked the predictions from the Bayesian model to the expert verdict. RESULTS Among 370 assessments analysed, 240 passed and 130 failed. On average, 2.5 different types of error were identified in each assessment. Cases that were more likely to fail had three or more different types of error (χ(2) = 72, p < 0.0001) and demonstrated poorer technical skills (CAT score <2.7, χ(2) = 164, p < 0.0001). Case complexity or right- versus left-sided resection did not have a significant impact. Errors associated with dissection (BF = 0.18), anastomosis (BF = 0.23) and oncological quality (BF = 0.19) were critical determinants of surgical competence, each reducing the odds of pass by at least fourfold. The area under the ROC curve was 0.84. CONCLUSIONS Errors associated with dissection, anastomosis and oncological quality were critical determinants of surgical competency. The detailed error analysis reported in this study can guide the design of future surgical education and clinical training programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Ni
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, QEQM, St Mary's Hospital, Praed St, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Hugh Mackenzie
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, QEQM, St Mary's Hospital, Praed St, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Adam Widdison
- Department of Surgery, Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust, Cornwall, UK
| | | | - Steve Mansfield
- Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Tony Dixon
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Dominic Slade
- Department of Surgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Mark G Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - George B Hanna
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, QEQM, St Mary's Hospital, Praed St, London, W2 1NY, UK.
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Watanabe Y, Bilgic E, Lebedeva E, McKendy KM, Feldman LS, Fried GM, Vassiliou MC. A systematic review of performance assessment tools for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2015; 30:832-44. [PMID: 26092014 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple tools are available to assess clinical performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), but there are no guidelines on how best to implement and interpret them in educational settings. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise LC assessment tools and their measurement properties, in order to make recommendations for their implementation in surgical training. METHODS A systematic search (1989-2013) was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and grey literature sources. Evidence for validity (content, response process, internal structure, relations to other variables, and consequences) and the conditions in which the evidence was obtained were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 54 articles were included for qualitative synthesis. Fifteen technical skills and two non-technical skills assessment tools were identified. The 17 tools were used for either: recorded procedures (nine tools, 60%), direct observation (five tools, 30%), or both (three tools, 18%). Fourteen (82%) tools reported inter-rater reliability and one reported a Generalizability Theory coefficient. Nine (53%) had evidence for validity based on clinical experience and 11 (65%) compared scores to other assessments. Consequences of scores, educational impact, applications to residency training, and how raters were trained were not clearly reported. No studies mentioned cost. CONCLUSIONS The most commonly reported validity evidence was inter-rater reliability and relationships to other known variables. Consequences of assessments and rater training were not clearly reported. These data and the evidence for validity should be taken into consideration when deciding how to select and implement a tool to assess performance of LC, and especially how to interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watanabe
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650, Cedar Avenue, L9. 316, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Elif Bilgic
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650, Cedar Avenue, L9. 316, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Lebedeva
- The Henry K.M. De Kuyper Education Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katherine M McKendy
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650, Cedar Avenue, L9. 316, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Liane S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650, Cedar Avenue, L9. 316, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Gerald M Fried
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650, Cedar Avenue, L9. 316, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Melina C Vassiliou
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, 1650, Cedar Avenue, L9. 316, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
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Mackenzie H, Ni M, Miskovic D, Motson RW, Gudgeon M, Khan Z, Longman R, Coleman MG, Hanna GB. Clinical validity of consultant technical skills assessment in the English National Training Programme for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery. Br J Surg 2015; 102:991-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The English National Training Programme for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery introduced a validated objective competency assessment tool to accredit surgeons before independent practice. The aim of this study was to determine whether this technical skills assessment predicted clinical outcomes.
Methods
Established consultants, training in laparoscopic colorectal surgery, were asked to submit two operative videos for evaluation by two blinded assessors using the competency assessment tool. A mark of 2·7 or above was considered a pass. Clinical and oncological outcomes were compared above and below this mark, including regression analysis.
Results
Eighty-five consultant surgeons submitted 171 videos. Of these, 44 (25·7 per cent) were in the fail group (score less than 2·7). This low scoring group had more postoperative morbidity (25 versus 8·7 per cent; P = 0·005), including surgical complications (18 versus 6·3 per cent; P = 0·020) and fewer lymph nodes harvested (median 13 versus 18; P = 0·004). A score of less than 2·7 was an independent predictor of surgical complication, lymph node yield and distal resection margin clearance. Consultants with higher scores had performed similar numbers of laparoscopic colorectal operations (median 37 versus 40; P = 0·373) but more structured training operations (18 versus 9; P < 0·001).
Conclusion
An objective technical skills assessment provided a discriminatory tool with which to accredit laparoscopic colorectal surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mackenzie
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M Ni
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - D Miskovic
- John Goligher Colorectal Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - R W Motson
- ICENI Centre, Colchester Hospital, Colchester, UK
| | - M Gudgeon
- Colorectal Unit, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, UK
| | - Z Khan
- Colorectal Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King's Lynn, UK
| | - R Longman
- Colorectal Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - M G Coleman
- Colorectal Unit, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - G B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
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Steigerwald SN, Park J, Hardy KM, Gillman LM, Vergis AS. Does laparoscopic simulation predict intraoperative performance? A comparison between the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery and LapVR evaluation metrics. Am J Surg 2015; 209:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Crochet P, Aggarwal R, Berdah S, Yaribakht S, Boubli L, Gamerre M, Agostini A. Utilisation des simulateurs pour former les internes de chirurgie gynécologique en France : un état des lieux en 2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 43:379-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Training faculty in nontechnical skill assessment: national guidelines on program requirements. Ann Surg 2013; 258:370-5. [PMID: 23222032 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318279560b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop guidelines for a faculty training program in nontechnical skill assessment in surgery. BACKGROUND Nontechnical skills in the operating room are critical for patient safety. The successful integration of these skills into workplace-based assessment is dependent upon the availability of faculty who are able to teach and assess them. At present, no guidelines exist regarding the training requirements for such faculty in surgical contexts. METHODS The development of the guidelines was carried out in several stages: stage 1-a detailed literature review on current training for nontechnical skill assessors; stage 2-semistructured interviews with a multidisciplinary panel (consisting of clinicians and psychologists/human factors specialists) of experts in surgical nontechnical skills; and stage 3-interview findings fed into an Expert Consensus Panel (ECP) Delphi approach to establish consensus regarding training requirements for faculty assessing nontechnical skills in surgery. RESULTS The ECP agreed that training in nontechnical skill assessment should be delivered by a multidisciplinary team consisting of clinicians and psychologists/human factors specialists. The ECP reached consensus regarding who should be targeted to be trained as faculty (including proficiency and revalidation requirements). Consensus was reached on 7 essential training program content elements (including training in providing feedback/debriefing) and 8 essential methods of evaluating the effectiveness of a "train-the-trainers" program. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence-based guidelines that can be used to guide the development and evaluation of programs to educate faculty in the training and assessment of nontechnical skills. Uptake of these guidelines could accelerate the development of surgical expertise required for safe and high-quality patient care.
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Denadai R, Saad-Hossne R, Martinhão Souto LR. Simulation-based cutaneous surgical-skill training on a chicken-skin bench model in a medical undergraduate program. Indian J Dermatol 2013; 58:200-7. [PMID: 23723471 PMCID: PMC3667283 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.110829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of ethical and medico-legal aspects involved in the training of cutaneous surgical skills on living patients, human cadavers and living animals, it is necessary the search for alternative and effective forms of training simulation. AIMS To propose and describe an alternative methodology for teaching and learning the principles of cutaneous surgery in a medical undergraduate program by using a chicken-skin bench model. MATERIALS AND METHODS One instructor for every four students, teaching materials on cutaneous surgical skills, chicken trunks, wings, or thighs, a rigid platform support, needled threads, needle holders, surgical blades with scalpel handles, rat-tooth tweezers, scissors, and marking pens were necessary for training simulation. RESULTS A proposal for simulation-based training on incision, suture, biopsy, and on reconstruction techniques using a chicken-skin bench model distributed in several sessions and with increasing levels of difficultywas structured. Both feedback and objective evaluations always directed to individual students were also outlined. CONCLUSION The teaching of a methodology for the principles of cutaneous surgery using a chicken-skin bench model versatile, portable, easy to assemble, and inexpensive is an alternative and complementary option to the armamentarium of methods based on other bench models described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Denadai
- Institute of Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, Brazilian Society of Research and Assistance to Craniofacial Rehabilitation Hospital (SOBRAPAR), Campinas Brazil ; Department of Surgery, Botucatu Medical School, University of the State of São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil ; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Marilia University (UNIMAR), Marilia, SP, Brazil
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Acquisition of suture skills during medical graduation by instructor-directed training: a randomized controlled study comparing senior medical students and faculty surgeons. Updates Surg 2013; 65:131-40. [PMID: 23404432 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-013-0199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Winkel AF, Lerner V, Zabar SR, Szyld D. A simple framework for assessing technical skills in a resident observed structured clinical examination (OSCE): vaginal laceration repair. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2013; 70:10-14. [PMID: 23337664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Educators of trainees in procedure-based specialties need focused assessment tools that are valid, objective, and assess technical skills in a realistic context. A framework for hybrid assessment using standardized patient scenarios and bench skills testing might facilitate evaluation of competency. METHODS Seven PGY-1 obstetrics and gynecology residents participated in a hybrid assessment that used observed structured clinical examination (OSCE) by a standardized patient who had sustained a vaginal laceration during vaginal delivery. The residents elicited a history and counseled the patient, and then completed a laceration repair on a pelvic model. The residents were rated on their performance in the scenario, which included issues of cultural competency, rapport-building, patient counseling. The technical skills were videotaped and rated using a modified global assessment form by 2 faculty members on a 3-point scale from "not done" to "partly done" to "well-done." Residents also completed a subjective assessment of the station. RESULTS Mean technical performance of the residents on the technical skills was 55% "well-done," with a range of 20%-90%. The assessment identified 3 residents as below the mean, and 1 resident with areas of deficiency. Subjective assessment by the residents was that juggling the technical, cognitive, and affective components of the examination was challenging. CONCLUSIONS Technical skills can be included in a case-based assessment using scenarios that address a range of cognitive and affective skills required of physicians. Results may help training programs assess individuals' abilities as well as identify program needs for curricular improvement. This framework might be useful in setting standards for competency and identifying poor performers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Ford Winkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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