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Jin X, Wang Q, Luo F, Pan J, Lu T, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Xiang E, Zhou C, Huang B, Lu G, Chen P, Shao Y. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of tumor heterogeneity and intercellular networks in human urothelial carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:690-706. [PMID: 36939254 PMCID: PMC10129232 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity of tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is significantly associated with clinical outcomes and treatment responses in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC). Comprehensive profiling of the cellular diversity and interactions between malignant cells and TME may clarify the mechanisms underlying UC progression and guide the development of novel therapies. This study aimed to extend our understanding of intra-tumoral heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive TME in UC and provide basic support for the development of novel UC therapies. METHODS Seven patients with UC were included who underwent curative surgery at our hospital between July 2020 and October 2020. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis in seven tumors with six matched adjacent normal tissues and integrated the results with two public scRNA-seq datasets. The functional properties and intercellular interactions between single cells were characterized, and the results were validated using multiplex immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, and bulk transcriptomic datasets. All statistical analyses were performed using the R package with two-sided tests. Wilcoxon-rank test, log-rank test, one-way analysis of variance test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used properly. RESULTS Unsupervised t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding clustering analysis identified ten main cellular subclusters in urothelial tissues. Of them, seven urothelial subtypes were noted, and malignant urothelial cells were characterized with enhanced cellular proliferation and reduced immunogenicity. CD8 + T cell subclusters exhibited enhanced cellular cytotoxicity activities along with increased exhaustion signature in UC tissues, and the recruitment of CD4 + T regulatory cells was also increased in tumor tissues. Regarding myeloid cells, coordinated reprogramming of infiltrated neutrophils, M2-type polarized macrophages, and LAMP3 + dendritic cells contribute to immunosuppressive TME in UC tissues. Tumor tissues demonstrated enhanced angiogenesis mediated by KDR + endothelial cells and RGS5 + /ACTA2 + pericytes. Through deconvolution analysis, we identified multiple cellular subtypes may influence the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy response in patients with UC. CONCLUSION Our scRNA-seq analysis clarified intra-tumoral heterogeneity and delineated the pro-tumoral and immunosuppressive microenvironment in UC tissues, which may provide novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Jin
- Department of Urinary Cancer Multi-Disciplinary Treatment Clinic, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qizhang Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fangxiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junwei Pan
- Department of Urinary Cancer Multi-Disciplinary Treatment Clinic, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Enfei Xiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenghua Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Baoxing Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guoliang Lu
- Department of Urinary Cancer Multi-Disciplinary Treatment Clinic, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Peizhan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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George S, Cassidy RN, Saintilnord WN, Fondufe-Mittendorf Y. Epigenomic reprogramming in iAs-mediated carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 96:319-365. [PMID: 36858778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a naturally occurring metal carcinogen found in the Earth's crust. Millions of people worldwide are chronically exposed to arsenic through drinking water and food. Exposure to inorganic arsenic has been implicated in many diseases ranging from acute toxicities to malignant transformations. Despite the well-known deleterious health effects of arsenic exposure, the molecular mechanisms in arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis are not fully understood. Since arsenic is non-mutagenic, the mechanism by which arsenic causes carcinogenesis is via alterations in epigenetic-regulated gene expression. There are two possible ways by which arsenic may modify the epigenome-indirectly through an arsenic-induced generation of reactive oxygen species which then impacts chromatin remodelers, or directly through interaction and modulation of chromatin remodelers. Whether directly or indirectly, arsenic modulates epigenetic gene regulation and our understanding of the direct effect of this modulation on chromatin structure is limited. In this chapter we will discuss the various ways by which inorganic arsenic affects the epigenome with consequences in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha George
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Richard N Cassidy
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Wesley N Saintilnord
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Chakraborty A, Ghosh S, Biswas B, Pramanik S, Nriagu J, Bhowmick S. Epigenetic modifications from arsenic exposure: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:151218. [PMID: 34717984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a notorious element with the potential to harm exposed individuals in ways that include cancerous and non-cancerous health complications. Millions of people across the globe (especially in South and Southeast Asian countries including China, Vietnam, India and Bangladesh) are currently being unknowingly exposed to precarious levels of arsenic. Among the diverse effects associated with such arsenic levels of exposure is the propensity to alter the epigenome. Although a large volume of literature exists on arsenic-induced genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and inter-individual susceptibility due to active research on these subject areas from the last millennial, it is only recently that attention has turned on the ramifications and mechanisms of arsenic-induced epigenetic changes. The present review summarizes the possible mechanisms involved in arsenic induced epigenetic alterations. It focuses on the mechanisms underlying epigenome reprogramming from arsenic exposure that result in improper cell signaling and dysfunction of various epigenetic components. The mechanistic information articulated from the review is used to propose a number of novel therapeutic strategies with a potential for ameliorating the burden of worldwide arsenic poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Chakraborty
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Soma Ghosh
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Bratisha Biswas
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Sreemanta Pramanik
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Jerome Nriagu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Subhamoy Bhowmick
- Kolkata Zonal Center, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Saintilnord WN, Fondufe-Mittendorf Y. Arsenic-induced epigenetic changes in cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:195-205. [PMID: 33798722 PMCID: PMC8481342 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid whose high levels of toxicity pose major health concerns to millions of people worldwide by increasing susceptibility to various cancers and non-cancer illnesses. Since arsenic is not a mutagen, the mechanism by which it causes changes in gene expression and disease pathogenesis is not clear. One possible mechanism is through generation of reactive oxygen species. Another equally important mechanism still very much in its infancy is epigenetic dysregulation. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries underlying arsenic-induced epigenetic changes in cancer development. Importantly, we highlight the proposed mechanisms targeted by arsenic to drive oncogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley N Saintilnord
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Di Giovanni P, Di Martino G, Scampoli P, Cedrone F, Meo F, Lucisano G, Romano F, Staniscia T. Arsenic Exposure and Risk of Urothelial Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093105. [PMID: 32365627 PMCID: PMC7246722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Arsenic is a toxic metalloid element widely distributed throughout the environment. Arsenic contaminated water has become an ongoing public health issue affecting hundred million people worldwide. The aim of this paper was to summarize the evidence in the association between arsenic metabolites and urinary tract cancer risk. Methods: A systematic review was conducted searching for observational studies that evaluated the association of arsenic metabolites and urinary tract cancer. Risk estimates from individual studies were pooled by using random effects models. Results: All the metabolites considered in this study resulted to be significantly associated to urothelial cancer, respectively: IA% 3.51 (1.21-5.82) (p = 0.003), MMA with WMD = 2.77 (1.67-3.87) (p < 0.001) and DMA with WMD = -4.56 (-7.91-1.22) (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Arsenic metabolites are significantly associated to urothelial cancer. Future studies will help to verify the independent association(s) between arsenic metabolites and urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Di Giovanni
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Di Martino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3908713554118
| | - Piera Scampoli
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.S.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Cedrone
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.S.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Meo
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.S.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Lucisano
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology (CORESEARCH), Via Tiziano Veciello, 65100 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, P.zza Aldo Moro 5, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Staniscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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Zhang JT, Lin YC, Xiao BF, Yu BT. Overexpression of Family with Sequence Similarity 83, Member A (FAM83A) Predicts Poor Clinical Outcomes in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4264-4272. [PMID: 31175804 PMCID: PMC6580865 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to explore the expression levels of family with sequence similarity 83, member A (FAM83A) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and investigate its clinical prognostic value. Material/Methods Bioinformatics mining methods were used to predict the differential expression levels of FAM83A mRNA in LUAD and normal lung tissues based on the TCGA and Oncomine databases. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to demonstrate the FAM83A protein expression levels in 83 cases of LUAD combined with paired normal lung tissues. The correlation between clinicopathologic factors and FAM83A differential expression levels in LUAD was explored by the chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier univariate and Cox multivariate survival analyses were performed to investigate the clinical prognostic value of FAM83A expression in LUAD patients. Results Results from TCGA and Oncomine databases revealed that FAM83A mRNA expression level was significantly higher in LUAD than that in normal lung tissues (both P<0.05). Immunohistochemical findings demonstrated that the high positive rate of FAM83A in LUAD was 73.49% (61/83), while that of matched normal lung tissues was only 22.89% (19/83). Moreover, LUAD patients with FAM83A mRNA or high protein levels had dramatically lower OS times than those with FAM83A mRNA or low protein levels (All P<0.05). Lastly, Cox multivariate survival analysis showed that FAM83A differential expression level (low vs. high) was the only independent factor predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients (P=0.001). Conclusions FAM83A was overexpressed in LUAD, and FAM83A overexpression could be used as an independent factor of poor prognosis in LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Tao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ye-Chun Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Bu-Fan Xiao
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ben-Tong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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7
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Alamdar A, Tian M, Huang Q, Du X, Zhang J, Liu L, Shah STA, Shen H. Enhanced histone H3K9 tri-methylation suppresses steroidogenesis in rat testis chronically exposed to arsenic. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:513-520. [PMID: 30557709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic poses a profound health risk including male reproductive dysfunction upon prolonged exposure. Histone methylation is an important epigenetic driver; however, its role in arsenic- induced steroidogenic pathogenesis remains obscure. In current study, we investigated the effect of histone H3K9 tri-methylation (H3K9me3) on expression pattern of steroidogenic genes in rat testis after long-term arsenic exposure. Our results revealed that arsenic exposure down-regulated the mRNA expressions of all studied steroidogenic genes (Lhr, Star, P450scc, Hsd3b, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b and Arom). Moreover, arsenic significantly increased the H3K9me3 level in rat testis. The plausible explanation of increased H3K9me3 was attributable to the up-regulation of histone H3K9me3 methyltransferase, Suv39h1 and down-regulation of demethylase, Jmjd2a. Since H3K9me3 activation leads to gene repression, we further investigated whether the down-regulation of steroidogenic genes was ascribed to the increased H3K9me3 level. To elucidate this, we determined the H3K9me3 levels in steroidogenic gene promoters, which also showed significant increase of H3K9me3 in the investigated regions after arsenic exposure. In conclusion, arsenic exposure suppressed the steroidogenic gene expression by activating H3K9me3 status, which contributed to steroidogenic inhibition in rat testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Alamdar
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Meiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | | | - Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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Lamadema N, Burr S, Brewer AC. Dynamic regulation of epigenetic demethylation by oxygen availability and cellular redox. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:282-298. [PMID: 30572012 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The chromatin structure of the mammalian genome must facilitate both precisely-controlled DNA replication together with tightly-regulated gene transcription. This necessarily involves complex mechanisms and processes which remain poorly understood. It has long been recognised that the epigenetic landscape becomes established during embryonic development and acts to specify and determine cell fate. In addition, the chromatin structure is highly dynamic and allows for both cellular reprogramming and homeostatic modulation of cell function. In this respect, the functions of epigenetic "erasers", which act to remove covalently-linked epigenetic modifications from DNA and histones are critical. The enzymatic activities of the TET and JmjC protein families have been identified as demethylases which act to remove methyl groups from DNA and histones, respectively. Further, they are characterised as members of the Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily. This provides the intriguing possibility that their enzymatic activities may be modulated by cellular metabolism, oxygen availability and redox-based mechanisms, all of which are likely to display dynamic cell- and tissue-specific patterns of flux. Here we discuss the current evidence for such [O2]- and redox-dependent regulation of the TET and Jmjc demethylases and the potential physiological and pathophysiological functional consequences of such regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermina Lamadema
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Burr
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C Brewer
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom.
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Soza-Ried C, Bustamante E, Caglevic C, Rolfo C, Sirera R, Marsiglia H. Oncogenic role of arsenic exposure in lung cancer: A forgotten risk factor. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 139:128-133. [PMID: 30878179 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several drinkable water sources worldwide have been highly contaminated with arsenic, which means that an estimated 160 million people have been exposed to this chemical agent. If we analyse exposure by region, we will find a high correlation between arsenic contamination and the incidence of lung cancer (among other malignancies). In order to determine what the risks of these exposures are, we need to understand how this chemical is processed in our body and how it is linked to cancer. In this article we reviewed how biotransformation of ingested arsenic may lead to cancer by modulating the activation of several essential signalling pathways such as EGFR, PI3K/AKT, RTK/Ras/PI3K, JNK/STAT3 and Nrf2-KEAP1; by producing epigenetics modifications and by disrupting normal expression of miRNAs. In order to design effective health policies, educational strategies, decontaminations plans and effective medical treatments are necessary to understand the impact of arsenic pollution and the relevance of the environment in our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Soza-Ried
- Escuela de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Fundación Oncoloop, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Bustamante
- Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Christian Caglevic
- Departamento Oncología Médica, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Rafael Sirera
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universitat Politenica de Valencia, España
| | - Hugo Marsiglia
- Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López, Santiago, Chile
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Xu Y, Tao Z, Jiang Y, Liu T, Xiang Y. Overexpression of BPIFB1 promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation via the MEK/ERK signal pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:356-364. [PMID: 31933752 PMCID: PMC6944003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a respiratory malignant epithelial carcinoma. Research has indicated that bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing protein B1 (BPIFB1), mostly secreted by nasopharyngeal epithelia, is dysregulated in patients with NPC. This study aimed to explore the effects of BPIFB1 inviability, proliferation, apoptosis and its molecular mechanism. To confirm the effects of BPIFB1 on NPC cells, BPIFB1 was overexpressed or silenced in NPC-KT cells after being transfected with BPIFB1 or siBPIFB1 plasmids. The results showed that BPIFB1 overexpression could induce apoptosis and DNA damage in NPC-KT cells, and silenced BPIFB1 had the opposite effects. BPIFB1 overexpression can inhibit the cell cycle by being arrested at the G0/G1 phase and by regulating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. MEK inhibitor U0126 was used to confirm the effects of BPIFB1 on the MEK/ERK pathway, and U0126 can inverse the effects of siBPIFB1. Additionally, BPIFB1 can enhance the anti-proliferative effect of chemotherapy drugs on NPC-KT cells. All the results indicated that BPIFB1 could be a potential target for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yice Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yinzhou Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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Ge Y, Zhu J, Wang X, Zheng N, Tu C, Qu J, Ren X. Mapping dynamic histone modification patterns during arsenic-induced malignant transformation of human bladder cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:164-173. [PMID: 29966674 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a known potent risk factor for bladder cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations, e.g., DNA methylation and histones posttranslational modifications (PTMs), contribute to arsenic carcinogenesis. Our previous studies have demonstrated that exposure of human urothelial cells (UROtsa cells) to monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII), one of arsenic active metabolites, changes the histone acetylation marks across the genome that are correlated with MMAIII-induced UROtsa cell malignant transformation. In the current study, we employed a high-resolution and high-throughput liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify and quantitatively measure various PTM patterns during the MMAIII-induced malignant transformation. Our data showed that MMAIII exposure caused a time-dependent increase in histone H3 acetylation on lysine K4, K9, K14, K18, K23, and K27, but a decrease in acetylation on lysine K5, K8, K12, and K16 of histone H4. Consistent with this observation, H3K18ac was increased while H4K8ac was decreased in the leukocytes collected from people exposed to high concentrations of arsenic compared to those exposed to low concentrations. MMAIII was also able to alter histone methylation patterns: MMAIII transformed cells experienced a loss of H3K4me1, and an increase in H3K9me1 and H3K27me1. Collectively, our data shows that arsenic exposure causes dynamic changes in histone acetylation and methylation patterns during arsenic-induced cancer development. Exploring the genomic location of the altered histone marks and the resulting aberrant expression of genes will be of importance in deciphering the mechanism of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jinqiu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Nina Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Chengjian Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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12
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Tu W, Liu Y, Xie C, Zhou X. Arsenite downregulates H3K4 trimethylation and H3K9 dimethylation during transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 38:480-488. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430030 People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430030 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfeng Xie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430030 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430030 People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhou Y, Zheng L, Li F, Wan M, Fan Y, Zhou X, Du W, Pi C, Cui D, Zhang B, Sun J, Zhou X. Bivalent Histone Codes on WNT5A during Odontogenic Differentiation. J Dent Res 2017; 97:99-107. [PMID: 28880717 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517728910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lineage-committed differentiation is an essential biological program during odontogenesis, which is tightly regulated by lineage-specific genes. Some of these genes are modified by colocalization of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks at promoter regions in progenitors. These modifications, named "bivalent domains," maintain genes in a poised state and then resolve for later activation or repression during differentiation. Wnt5a has been reported to promote odontogenic differentiation in dental mesenchyme. However, relatively little is known about the epigenetic modulations on Wnt5a activation during tooth development. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks in developing mouse molars. Associated H3K4me3 methylases (mixed-lineage leukemia [MLL] complex) and H3K27me3 demethylases (JMJD3 and UTX) were dynamically expressed between early and late bell stage of human tooth germs and in cultured human dental papilla cells (hDPCs) during odontogenic induction. Poised WNT5A gene was marked by bivalent domains containing repressive marks (H3K27me3) and active marks (H3K4me3) on promoters. The bivalent domains tended to resolve during inducted differentiation, with removal of the H3K27me3 mark in a JMJD3-dependent manner. When JMJD3 was knocked down in cultured hDPCs, odontogenic differentiation was suppressed. The depletion of JMJD3 epigenetically repressed WNT5A activation by increased H3K27me3 marks. In addition, JMJD3 could physically interact with ASH2L, a component of the MLL complex, to form a coactivator complex, cooperatively modulating H3K4me3 marks on WNT5A promoters. Overall, our study reveals that transcription activities of WNT5A were epigenetically regulated by the negotiated balance between H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 marks and tightly mediated by JMJD3 and MLL coactivator complex, ultimately modulating odontogenic commitment during dental mesenchymal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zheng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - F Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Wan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Fan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Du
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C Pi
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Cui
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - B Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Sun
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Oliva-González C, Uresti-Rivera EE, Galicia-Cruz OG, Jasso-Robles FI, Gandolfi AJ, Escudero-Lourdes C. The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog protein (PTEN) is negatively regulated by NF-κb p50 homodimers and involves histone 3 methylation/deacetylation in UROtsa cells chronically exposed to monomethylarsonous acid. Toxicol Lett 2017; 280:92-98. [PMID: 28823542 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UROtsa cells have been accepted as a model to study carcinogenicity mechanisms of arsenic-associated human bladder cancer. In vitro continuous exposure to monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII), leads UROtsa cells to commit to malignant transformation. In this process, NF-κβ-associated inflammatory response seems to play an important role since this transcription factor activates some minutes after cells are exposed in vitro to MMAIII and keeps activated during the cellular malignant transformation. It is known that a slight decrease in the protein phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) gene expression is enough for some cells to become malignantly transformed. Interestingly, this tumor suppressor has been proven to be negatively regulated by NF-κβ through binding to its gene promoter. Based on these observations we propose that NF-κβ may be involved in arsenic associated carcinogenesis through the negative regulation of PTEN gene expression. Changes in PTEN expression and the binding of p50 NF-κβ subunit to PTEN promoter were evaluated in UROtsa cells exposed for 4, 12, 20, or 24 wk to 50nM MMAIII. Results showed that MMAIII induced a significant decrease in PTEN expression around 20 wk exposure to MMAIII,which correlated with increased binding of p50 subunit to the PTEN promoter. Consistent with these results, ChIP assays also showed a significant decrease in H3 acetylation (H3ac) but an increase in the repression marks H3k9me3 and H327me3 in PTEN promoter when compared with not treated cells. These results suggest that the activation of NF-κβ by MMAIII may participate in UROtsa cells malignant transformation through the negative regulation of PTEN expression involving p50 homodimers-mediated chromatin remodeling around the PTEN promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oliva-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - E E Uresti-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - O G Galicia-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - F I Jasso-Robles
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - A J Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, USA
| | - C Escudero-Lourdes
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Alamdar A, Xi G, Huang Q, Tian M, Eqani SAMAS, Shen H. Arsenic activates the expression of 3β-HSD in mouse Leydig cells through repression of histone H3K9 methylation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 326:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gamboa-Loira B, Cebrián ME, Franco-Marina F, López-Carrillo L. Arsenic metabolism and cancer risk: A meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:551-558. [PMID: 28433864 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the studies that have reported association measures between risk of cancer and the percentage distribution of urinary inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolites by anatomical site, in non-ecological epidemiological studies. METHODS Studies were identified in the PubMed database in the period from 1990 to 2015. Inclusion criteria were: non-ecological epidemiological study, with histologically confirmed cancer cases, reporting the percentage distribution of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylated (MMA) and dimethylated (DMA) metabolites, as well as association measures with confidence intervals (CI) between cancer and %iAs and/or %MMA and/or %DMA. A descriptive meta-analysis was performed by the method of the inverse of the variance for the fixed effects model and the DerSimonian and Laird's method for the random effects model. Heterogeneity was tested using the Q statistic and stratifying for epidemiological design and total As in urine. The possibility of publication bias was assessed through Begg's test. RESULTS A total of 13 eligible studies were found, most of them were performed in Taiwan and focused on skin and bladder cancer. The positive association between %MMA and various types of cancer was consistent, in contrast to the negative relationship between %DMA and cancer that was inconsistent. The summary risk of bladder (OR=1.79; 95% CI: 1.42, 2.26, n=4 studies) and lung (OR=2.44; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.80, n=2 studies) cancer increased significantly with increasing %MMA, without statistical heterogeneity. In contrast, lung cancer risk was inversely related to %DMA (OR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.93, n=2 studies), also without significant heterogeneity. These results were similar after stratifying by epidemiological design and total As in urine. No evidence of publication bias was found. CONCLUSION These findings provide additional support that methylation needs to be taken into account when assessing the potential iAs carcinogenicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gamboa-Loira
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Mariano E Cebrián
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 D.F., Mexico.
| | - Francisco Franco-Marina
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, C.P. 14080 Tlalpan, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, C.P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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17
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A Tox21 Approach to Altered Epigenetic Landscapes: Assessing Epigenetic Toxicity Pathways Leading to Altered Gene Expression and Oncogenic Transformation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061179. [PMID: 28587163 PMCID: PMC5486002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging vision for toxicity testing in the 21st century foresees in vitro assays assuming the leading role in testing for chemical hazards, including testing for carcinogenicity. Toxicity will be determined by monitoring key steps in functionally validated molecular pathways, using tests designed to reveal chemically-induced perturbations that lead to adverse phenotypic endpoints in cultured human cells. Risk assessments would subsequently be derived from the causal in vitro endpoints and concentration vs. effect data extrapolated to human in vivo concentrations. Much direct experimental evidence now shows that disruption of epigenetic processes by chemicals is a carcinogenic mode of action that leads to altered gene functions playing causal roles in cancer initiation and progression. In assessing chemical safety, it would therefore be advantageous to consider an emerging class of carcinogens, the epigenotoxicants, with the ability to change chromatin and/or DNA marks by direct or indirect effects on the activities of enzymes (writers, erasers/editors, remodelers and readers) that convey the epigenetic information. Evidence is reviewed supporting a strategy for in vitro hazard identification of carcinogens that induce toxicity through disturbance of functional epigenetic pathways in human somatic cells, leading to inactivated tumour suppressor genes and carcinogenesis. In the context of human cell transformation models, these in vitro pathway measurements ensure high biological relevance to the apical endpoint of cancer. Four causal mechanisms participating in pathways to persistent epigenetic gene silencing were considered: covalent histone modification, nucleosome remodeling, non-coding RNA interaction and DNA methylation. Within these four interacting mechanisms, 25 epigenetic toxicity pathway components (SET1, MLL1, KDM5, G9A, SUV39H1, SETDB1, EZH2, JMJD3, CBX7, CBX8, BMI, SUZ12, HP1, MPP8, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, TET1, MeCP2, SETDB2, BAZ2A, UHRF1, CTCF, HOTAIR and ANRIL) were found to have experimental evidence showing that functional perturbations played “driver” roles in human cellular transformation. Measurement of epigenotoxicants presents challenges for short-term carcinogenicity testing, especially in the high-throughput modes emphasized in the Tox21 chemicals testing approach. There is need to develop and validate in vitro tests to detect both, locus-specific, and genome-wide, epigenetic alterations with causal links to oncogenic cellular phenotypes. Some recent examples of cell-based high throughput chemical screening assays are presented that have been applied or have shown potential for application to epigenetic endpoints.
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18
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Abdel-Gawad M, Elsobky E, Shalaby MM, Abd-Elhameed M, Abdel-Rahim M, Ali-El-Dein B. Quantitative Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in the Urinary Bladder: Comparison Between Cancerous, Adjacent Non-cancerous and Normal Cadaveric Tissue. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:280-286. [PMID: 27147435 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of heavy metals and trace elements (HMTE) in the development of some cancers has been previously reported. Bladder carcinoma is a frequent malignancy of the urinary tract. The most common risk factors for bladder cancer are exposure to industrial carcinogens, cigarette smoking, gender, and possibly diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate HTME concentrations in the cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues and compare them with those of normal cadaveric bladder. This prospective study included 102 paired samples of full-thickness cancer and adjacent non-cancerous bladder tissues of radical cystectomy (RC) specimens that were histologically proven as invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We used 17 matched controls of non-malignant bladder tissue samples from cadavers. All samples were processed and evaluated for the concentration of 22 HMTE by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Outcome analysis was made by the Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests. When compared with cadaveric control or cancerous, the adjacent non-cancerous tissue had higher levels of six elements (arsenic, lead, selenium, strontium, zinc, and aluminum), and when compared with the control alone, it had a higher concentration of calcium, cadmium, chromium, potassium, magnesium, and nickel. The cancerous tissue had a higher concentration of cadmium, lead, chromium, calcium, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, nickel, selenium, strontium, and zinc than cadaveric control. Boron level was higher in cadaveric control than cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissue. Cadmium level was higher in cancerous tissue with node-positive than node-negative cases. The high concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, and zinc, in the cancerous together with arsenic in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues of RC specimens suggest a pathogenic role of these elements in BC. However, further work-up is needed to support this conclusion by the application of these HMTE on BC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdel-Gawad
- Department of Urology, Emirates International Hospital (M A-G), Al Jimi, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Emad Elsobky
- Department of Urology, Al-Noor Hospital (EE), Khalifa Street, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmoud M Shalaby
- Assiut Urology and Nephrology Hospital (MMS), Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elhameed
- Urology and Nephrology Center (M A-E, M A-R, BA), Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona Abdel-Rahim
- Urology and Nephrology Center (M A-E, M A-R, BA), Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bedeir Ali-El-Dein
- Urology and Nephrology Center (M A-E, M A-R, BA), Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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19
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Yu CW, Liao VHC. Transgenerational Reproductive Effects of Arsenite Are Associated with H3K4 Dimethylation and SPR-5 Downregulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10673-10681. [PMID: 27579588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a prevalent environmental toxin. Arsenic is associated with a wide variety of adverse effects; however, studies on whether As-induced toxicities can be transferred from parents to offspring have received little attention. Caenorhabditis elegans has become an important animal model in biomedical and environmental toxicology research. In this study, transgenerational reproductive toxicity by arsenite exposure and the underlying mechanisms in C. elegans were investigated over six generations (F0-F5). Following arsenite maternal exposure of the F0 generation, subsequent generations (F1-F5) were cultured under arsenite-free conditions. We found that the brood size of C. elegans was significantly reduced by arsenite exposure in F0 and that this reduction in brood size was also observed in the offspring generations (F1-F5), after the toxicant had been removed from the diet. In addition, adult worms from F0 and F1 generations accumulated arsenite and arsenate when F0 L4 larvae were exposed to arsenite for 24 h. We found that the mRNA level of H3K4me2 demethylase LSD/KDM1, spr-5, was significantly reduced in the F0 exposed generation and subsequent unexposed generations (F1-F3). Likewise, the mRNA levels of spr-5 were also significantly decreased in the F1-F3 generations. Moreover, dimethylation of global H3K4 was increased in the F0-F3 generations. Our study demonstrates that maternal arsenite exposure causes transgenerational reproductive effects in C. elegans, which might be associated with H3K4 dimethylation and SPR-5 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Wei Yu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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20
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Rea M, Jiang T, Eleazer R, Eckstein M, Marshall AG, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN. Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Reveals Changes in Histone H2B Variants as Cells Undergo Inorganic Arsenic-Mediated Cellular Transformation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2411-22. [PMID: 27169413 PMCID: PMC4937513 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic, a ubiquitous environmental toxic metalloid, leads to carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism is unknown. Several studies have shown that inorganic arsenic exposure alters specific gene expression patterns, possibly through alterations in chromatin structure. While most studies on understanding the mechanism of chromatin-mediated gene regulation have focused on histone post-translational modifications, the role of histone variants remains largely unknown. Incorporation of histone variants alters the functional properties of chromatin. To understand the global dynamics of chromatin structure and function in arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis, analysis of the histone variants incorporated into the nucleosome and their covalent modifications is required. Here we report the first global mass spectrometric analysis of histone H2B variants as cells undergo arsenic-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We used electron capture dissociation-based top-down tandem mass spectrometry analysis validated with quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify changes in the expression levels of H2B variants in inorganic arsenic-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We identified changes in the expression levels of specific histone H2B variants in two cell types, which are dependent on dose and length of exposure of inorganic arsenic. In particular, we found increases in H2B variants H2B1H/1K/1C/1J/1O and H2B2E/2F, and significant decreases in H2B1N/1D/1B as cells undergo inorganic arsenic-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The analysis of these histone variants provides a first step toward an understanding of the functional significance of the diversity of histone structures, especially in inorganic arsenic-mediated gene expression and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rea
- From the ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Tingting Jiang
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Rebekah Eleazer
- From the ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Meredith Eckstein
- From the ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Alan G Marshall
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306; ¶Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| | - Yvonne N Fondufe-Mittendorf
- From the ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536;
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Recio-Vega R, Dena-Cazares JA, Ramirez-de la Peña JL, Jacobo-Ávila A, Portales-Castanedo A, Gallegos-Arreola MP, Ocampo-Gomez G, Michel-Ramirez G. MRP1 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells in subjects with lung cancer who were chronically exposed to arsenic. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:759-766. [PMID: 26031227 DOI: 10.1002/em.21960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP1) expression has been associated with certain lung diseases, and this protein may be pivotal in protecting the lungs against endogenous or exogenous toxic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression of MRP1 in bronchoalveolar cells from subjects with and without lung cancer who had been chronically exposed to arsenic through drinking water. MRP1 expression was assessed in bronchoalveolar cells in a total of 102 participants. MRP1 expression was significantly decreased in those with arsenic urinary levels >50 μg/L when compared with the controls. In conclusion, chronic arsenic exposure negatively correlates with the expression of MRP1 in BAL cells in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Recio-Vega
- Department of Environmental Health, Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine at Torreón, University of Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Jose Angel Dena-Cazares
- Department of Environmental Health, Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine at Torreón, University of Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Ramirez-de la Peña
- Department of Environmental Health, Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine at Torreón, University of Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Antonio Jacobo-Ávila
- Department of Pneumology, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Torreón, Coahuila, México
| | | | - Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centro De Investigación Biomédica De Occidente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Ocampo-Gomez
- Department of Environmental Health, Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine at Torreón, University of Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Gladis Michel-Ramirez
- Department of Environmental Health, Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine at Torreón, University of Coahuila, Mexico
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Gonzalez H, Lema C, Kirken RA, Maldonado RA, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ. Arsenic-exposed Keratinocytes Exhibit Differential microRNAs Expression Profile; Potential Implication of miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 in Melanoma Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:138-147. [PMID: 27054085 DOI: 10.2174/2212697x02666150629174704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to arsenic has been linked to cancer in different organs and tissues, including skin. Here, non-malignant human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were exposed to arsenic and its effects on microRNAs (miRNAs; miR) expression were analyzed via miRCURY LNA array analyses. A total of 30 miRNAs were found differentially expressed in arsenic-treated cells, as compared to untreated controls. Among the up-regulated miRNAs, miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141, are well known to be involved in carcinogenesis. Additional findings confirmed that those three miRNAs were indeed up-regulated in arsenic-stimulated keratinocytes as demonstrated by quantitative PCR assay. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis of both potential cancer-related pathways and targeted genes affected by miR-21, miR-200a and/or miR-141 was performed. Results revealed that miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 are implicated in skin carcinogenesis related with melanoma development. Conclusively, our results indicate that arsenic-treated keratinocytes exhibited alteration in the miRNAs expression profile and that miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 could be promising early biomarkers of the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells and they could be potential novel targets for melanoma therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Carolina Lema
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Robert A Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Rosa A Maldonado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
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Paul S, Giri AK. Epimutagenesis: A prospective mechanism to remediate arsenic-induced toxicity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 81:8-17. [PMID: 25898228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a global issue, addressed by the World Health Organization as one of the major natural calamities faced by humans. More than 137 million individuals in 70 nations are affected by arsenic mainly through drinking water and also through diet. Chronic arsenic exposure leads to various types of patho-physiological end points in humans including cancers. Arsenic, a xenobiotic substance, is biotransformed in the body to its methylated species by using the physiological S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). SAM dictates methylation status of the genome and arsenic metabolism leads to depletion of SAM leading to an epigenetic disequilibrium. Since epigenetics is one of the major phenomenon at the interface between the environment and human health impact, its disequilibrium by arsenic inflicts upon the chromatin compaction, gene expression, genomic stability and a host of biomolecular interactions, the interactome within the cell. Since arsenic is not mutagenic but is carcinogenic in nature, arsenic induced epimutagenesis has come to the forefront since it determines the transcriptional and genomic integrity of the cell. Arsenic toxicity brings forth several pathophysiological manifestations like dermatological non-cancerous, pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions, peripheral neuropathy, DNA damage, respiratory disorders and cancers of several internal organs. Recently, several diseases of similar manifestations have been explained with the relevant epigenetic perspectives regarding the possible molecular mechanism for their onset. Hence, in the current review, we comprehensively try to intercalate the information on arsenic-induced epigenetic alterations of DNA, histones and microRNA so as to understand whether the arsenic-induced toxic manifestations are brought about by the epigenetic changes. We highlight the need to understand the aspect of epimutagenesis and subsequent alterations in the cellular interactome due to arsenic-induced molecular changes, which may be utilized to develop putative therapeutic strategies targeting both oxidative potential and epimutagenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Paul
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ashok K Giri
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Brocato J, Fang L, Chervona Y, Chen D, Kiok K, Sun H, Tseng HC, Xu D, Shamy M, Jin C, Costa M. Arsenic induces polyadenylation of canonical histone mRNA by down-regulating stem-loop-binding protein gene expression. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31751-31764. [PMID: 25266719 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The replication-dependent histone genes are the only metazoan genes whose messenger RNA (mRNA) does not terminate with a poly(A) tail at the 3'-end. Instead, the histone mRNAs display a stem-loop structure at their 3'-end. Stem-loop-binding protein (SLBP) binds the stem-loop and regulates canonical histone mRNA metabolism. Here we report that exposure to arsenic, a carcinogenic metal, decreased cellular levels of SLBP by inducing its proteasomal degradation and inhibiting SLBP transcription via epigenetic mechanisms. Notably, arsenic exposure dramatically increased polyadenylation of canonical histone H3.1 mRNA possibly through down-regulation of SLBP expression. The polyadenylated H3.1 mRNA induced by arsenic was not susceptible to normal degradation that occurs at the end of S phase, resulting in continued presence into mitosis, increased total H3.1 mRNA, and increased H3 protein levels. Excess expression of canonical histones have been shown to increase sensitivity to DNA damage as well as increase the frequency of missing chromosomes and induce genomic instability. Thus, polyadenylation of canonical histone mRNA following arsenic exposure may contribute to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Brocato
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Yana Chervona
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Danqi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Kathrin Kiok
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Hsiang-Chi Tseng
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Dazhong Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
| | - Magdy Shamy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and.
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and
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Ray PD, Yosim A, Fry RC. Incorporating epigenetic data into the risk assessment process for the toxic metals arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury: strategies and challenges. Front Genet 2014; 5:201. [PMID: 25076963 PMCID: PMC4100550 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to toxic metals poses a serious human health hazard based on ubiquitous environmental presence, the extent of exposure, and the toxicity and disease states associated with exposure. This global health issue warrants accurate and reliable models derived from the risk assessment process to predict disease risk in populations. There has been considerable interest recently in the impact of environmental toxicants such as toxic metals on the epigenome. Epigenetic modifications are alterations to an individual's genome without a change in the DNA sequence, and include, but are not limited to, three commonly studied alterations: DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression. Given the role of epigenetic alterations in regulating gene and thus protein expression, there is the potential for the integration of toxic metal-induced epigenetic alterations as informative factors in the risk assessment process. In the present review, epigenetic alterations induced by five high priority toxic metals/metalloids are prioritized for analysis and their possible inclusion into the risk assessment process is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Ray
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Yosim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC, USA
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26
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Brocato J, Costa M. 10th NTES Conference: Nickel and Arsenic Compounds Alter the Epigenome of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 31:209-13. [PMID: 24837610 PMCID: PMC4201979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie metal carcinogenesis are the subject of intense investigation; however, data from in vitro and in vivo studies are starting to piece together a story that implicates epigenetics as a key player. Data from our lab has shown that nickel compounds inhibit dioxygenase enzymes by displacing iron in the active site. Arsenic is hypothesized to inhibit these enzymes by diminishing ascorbate levels--an important co-factor for dioxygenases. Inhibition of histone demethylase dioxygenases can increase histone methylation levels, which also may affect gene expression. Recently, our lab conducted a series of investigations in human subjects exposed to high levels of nickel or arsenic compounds. Global levels of histone modifications in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from exposed subjects were compared to low environmentally exposed controls. Results showed that nickel increased H3K4me3 and decreased H3K9me2 globally. Arsenic increased H3K9me2 and decreased H3K9ac globally. Other histone modifications affected by arsenic were sex-dependent. Nickel affected the expression of 2756 genes in human PBMCs and many of the genes were involved in immune and carcinogenic pathways. This review will describe data from our lab that demonstrates for the first time that nickel and arsenic compounds affect global levels of histone modifications and gene expression in exposed human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Brocato
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA.
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Bustaffa E, Stoccoro A, Bianchi F, Migliore L. Genotoxic and epigenetic mechanisms in arsenic carcinogenicity. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1043-67. [PMID: 24691704 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a human carcinogen with weak mutagenic properties that induces tumors through mechanisms not yet completely understood. People worldwide are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water, and epidemiological studies showed a high percentage of lung, bladder, liver, and kidney cancer in these populations. Several mechanisms by which arsenical compounds induce tumorigenesis were proposed including genotoxic damage and chromosomal abnormalities. Over the past decade, a growing body of evidence indicated that epigenetic modifications have a role in arsenic-inducing adverse effects on human health. The main epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation in gene promoter regions that regulate gene expression, histone tail modifications that regulate the accessibility of transcriptional machinery to genes, and microRNA activity (noncoding RNA able to modulate mRNA translation). The "double capacity" of arsenic to induce mutations and epimutations could be the main cause of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to better clarify the mechanisms of the initiation and/or the promotion of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis in order to understand the best way to perform an early diagnosis and a prompt prevention that is the key point for protecting arsenic-exposed population. Studies on arsenic-exposed population should be designed in order to examine more comprehensively the presence and consequences of these genetic/epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bustaffa
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Diseases Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Via Moruzzi 1, 56123, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) poses a major threat to worldwide human health, and yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects associated with iAs exposure are not well understood. There is increasing experimental evidence indicating that epigenetic modifications may play a major role in the development of diseases associated with exposure to environmental toxicants. Research in the field has firmly established that iAs exposure is associated with epigenetic alterations including changes in DNA methylation, miRNA abundance, and post-translational histone modifications. Here, we summarize recent studies that have expanded the current knowledge of these relationships. These studies have pinpointed specific regions of the genome and genes that are targets of arsenical-induced epigenetic changes, including those associated with in utero iAs exposure. The recent literature indicates that iAs biotransformation likely plays an important role in the relationship between iAs exposure and the epigenome, in addition to the sex and genetic background of individuals. The research also shows that relatively low to moderate exposure to iAs is associated with epigenetic effects. However, while it is well established that arsenicals can alter components of the epigenome, in many cases, the biological significance of these alterations remains unknown. The manner by which these and future studies may help inform the role of epigenetic modifications in the development of iAs-associated disease is evaluated and the need for functional validation emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Bailey
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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Yang TY, Hsu LI, Chiu AW, Pu YS, Wang SH, Liao YT, Wu MM, Wang YH, Chang CH, Lee TC, Chen CJ. Comparison of genome-wide DNA methylation in urothelial carcinomas of patients with and without arsenic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 128:57-63. [PMID: 24268366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is a well-documented carcinogen of human urothelial carcinoma (UC) with incompletely understood mechanisms. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of arsenic-induced UC (AsUC) and non-arsenic-induced UC (Non-AsUC), and to assess associations between site-specific methylation levels and cumulative arsenic exposure. METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in 14 AsUC and 14 non-AsUC were analyzed by Illumina Infinium methylation27 BeadChip and validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Mean methylation levels (β¯) in AsUC and non-AsUC were compared by their ratio (β¯ ratio) and difference (Δβ¯). Associations between site-specific methylation levels in UC and cumulative arsenic exposure were examined. RESULTS Among 27,578 methylation sites analyzed, 231 sites had β¯ ratio >2 or <0.5 and 45 sites had Δβ¯ >0.2 or <-0.2. There were 13 sites showing statistically significant (q<0.05) differences in β¯ between AsUC and non-AsUC including 12 hypermethylation sites in AsUC and only one hypermethylation site in non-AsUC. Significant associations between cumulative arsenic exposure and DNA methylation levels of 28 patients were observed in nine CpG sites of nine gens including PDGFD (Spearman rank correlation, 0.54), CTNNA2 (0.48), KCNK17 (0.52), PCDHB2 (0.57), ZNF132 (0.48), DCDC2 (0.48), KLK7 (0.48), FBXO39 (0.49), and NPY2R (0.45). These associations remained statistically significant for CpG sites in CTNNA2, KLK7, NPY2R, ZNF132 and KCNK17 in 20 non-smoking women after adjustment for tumor stage and age. CONCLUSIONS Significant associations between cumulative arsenic exposure and methylation level of CTNNA2, KLK7, NPY2R, ZNF132 and KCNK17 were found in smoking-unrelated urothelial carcinoma. Arsenic exposure may cause urothelial carcinomas through the hypermethylation of genes involved in cell adhesion, proteolysis, transcriptional regulation, neuronal pathway, and ion transport. The findings of this study, which are limited by its small sample size and moderate dose-response relation, remain to be validated by further studies with large sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Yen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-I Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Allen W Chiu
- College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsin Wang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Tang Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Maan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hao Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chang Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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30
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Biase FH, Rabel C, Guillomot M, Sandra O, Andropolis K, Olmstead C, Oliveira R, Wallace R, Le Bourhis D, Richard C, Campion E, Chaulot-Talmon A, Giraud-Delville C, Taghouti G, Jammes H, Hue I, Renard JP, Lewin HA. Changes in WNT signaling-related gene expression associated with development and cloning in bovine extra-embryonic and endometrial tissues during the peri-implantation period. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 80:977-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando H. Biase
- Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Chanaka Rabel
- Department of Animal Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Michel Guillomot
- INRA; UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Olivier Sandra
- INRA; UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Kalista Andropolis
- Department of Animal Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Colleen Olmstead
- Department of Animal Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Rosane Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Richard Wallace
- Department of Animal Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
| | - Daniel Le Bourhis
- INRA; UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction; Jouy-en-Josas France
- ENVA; Maisons Alfort France
| | - Christophe Richard
- INRA; UE1298 Unité Commune d'Expérimentation Animale de Bressonvilliers; Leudeville France
| | - Evelyne Campion
- INRA; UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | | | | | - Géraldine Taghouti
- INRA; UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Hélène Jammes
- INRA; UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Isabelle Hue
- INRA; UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Jean Paul Renard
- INRA; UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction; Jouy-en-Josas France
| | - Harris A. Lewin
- Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Department of Animal Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and The Genome Center; University of California; Davis, Davis California
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Muñiz Ortiz JG, Wallace KA, Leinisch F, Kadiiska MB, Mason RP, Kligerman AD. Catalase has a key role in protecting cells from the genotoxic effects of monomethylarsonous acid: a highly active metabolite of arsenic. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:317-326. [PMID: 23640787 DOI: 10.1002/em.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although it is widely known that arsenic-contaminated drinking water causes many diseases, arsenic's exact mode of action (MOA) is not fully understood. Induction of oxidative stress has been proposed as an important key event in the toxic MOA of arsenic. The authors' studies are centered on identifying a reactive species involved in the genotoxicity of arsenic using a catalase (CAT) knockout mouse model that is impaired in its ability to breakdown hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). The authors assessed the induction of DNA damage using the Comet assay following exposure of mouse Cat(+/) (+) and Cat(-) (/) (-) primary splenic lymphocytes to monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III) ) to identify the potential role of H2 O2 in mediating cellular effects of this metalloid. The results showed that the Cat(-) (/) (-) lymphocytes are more susceptible to MMA(III) than the Cat(+/) (+) lymphocytes by a small (1.5-fold) but statistically significant difference. CAT activity assays demonstrated that liver tissue has approximately three times more CAT activity than lymphocytes. Therefore, Comet assays were performed on primary Cat(+/) (+) , Cat(+/) (-) , and Cat(-) (/) (-) hepatocytes to determine if the Cat(-) (/) (-) cells were more susceptible to MMA(III) than lymphocytes. The results showed that the Cat(-) (/) (-) hepatocytes exhibit higher levels of DNA strand breakage than the Cat(+/) (+) (approximately fivefold) and Cat(+/) (-) (approximately twofold) hepatocytes exposed to MMA(III) . Electron spin resonance using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as the spin-trap agent detected the generation of ·OH via MMA(III) when H2 O2 was present. These experiments suggest that CAT is involved in protecting cells against the genotoxic effects of the ·OH generated by MMA(III) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Muñiz Ortiz
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
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Hubaux R, Becker-Santos DD, Enfield KS, Rowbotham D, Lam S, Lam WL, Martinez VD. Molecular features in arsenic-induced lung tumors. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:20. [PMID: 23510327 PMCID: PMC3626870 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen, which potentially affects ~160 million people worldwide via exposure to unsafe levels in drinking water. Lungs are one of the main target organs for arsenic-related carcinogenesis. These tumors exhibit particular features, such as squamous cell-type specificity and high incidence among never smokers. Arsenic-induced malignant transformation is mainly related to the biotransformation process intended for the metabolic clearing of the carcinogen, which results in specific genetic and epigenetic alterations that ultimately affect key pathways in lung carcinogenesis. Based on this, lung tumors induced by arsenic exposure could be considered an additional subtype of lung cancer, especially in the case of never-smokers, where arsenic is a known etiological agent. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the various mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenicity and the specific roles of this metalloid in signaling pathways leading to lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hubaux
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
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33
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Chervona Y, Hall MN, Arita A, Wu F, Sun H, Tseng HC, Ali E, Uddin MN, Liu X, Zoroddu MA, Gamble MV, Costa M. Associations between arsenic exposure and global posttranslational histone modifications among adults in Bangladesh. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:2252-60. [PMID: 23064002 PMCID: PMC3518638 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to arsenic (As) is associated with an increased risk of several cancers as well as cardiovascular disease, and childhood neuro-developmental deficits. Arsenic compounds are weakly mutagenic, alter gene expression and posttranslational histone modifications (PTHMs) in vitro. METHODS Water and urinary As concentrations as well as global levels of histone 3 lysine 9 di-methylation and acetylation (H3K9me2 and H3K9ac), histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation and acetylation (H3K27me3 and H3K27ac), histone 3 lysine 18 acetylation (H3K18ac), and histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a subset of participants (N = 40) of a folate clinical trial in Bangladesh (FACT study). RESULTS Total urinary As (uAs) was positively correlated with H3K9me2 (r = 0.36, P = 0.02) and inversely with H3K9ac (r = -0.47, P = 0.002). The associations between As and other PTHMs differed in a gender-dependent manner. Water As (wAs) was positively correlated with H3K4me3 (r = 0.45, P = 0.05) and H3K27me3 (r = 0.50, P = 0.03) among females and negatively correlated among males (H3K4me3: r = -0.44, P = 0.05; H3K27me3: r = -0.34, P = 0.14). Conversely, wAs was inversely associated with H3K27ac among females (r = -0.44, P = 0.05) and positively associated among males (r = 0.29, P = 0.21). A similar pattern was observed for H3K18ac (females: r = -0.22, P = 0.36; males: r = 0.27, P = 0.24). CONCLUSION Exposure to As is associated with alterations of global PTHMs; gender-specific patterns of association were observed between As exposure and several histone marks. IMPACT These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence linking As exposure to epigenetic dysregulation, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of As toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Chervona
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Megan N. Hall
- Departments of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Adriana Arita
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Fen Wu
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Hong Sun
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Hsiang-Chi Tseng
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Eunus Ali
- Columbia University Arsenic Project in Bangladesh
| | | | - Xinhua Liu
- Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Mary V. Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Max Costa
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York, NY
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34
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Hubaux R, Becker-Santos DD, Enfield KSS, Lam S, Lam WL, Martinez VD. Arsenic, asbestos and radon: emerging players in lung tumorigenesis. Environ Health 2012; 11:89. [PMID: 23173984 PMCID: PMC3534001 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cause of lung cancer is generally attributed to tobacco smoking. However lung cancer in never smokers accounts for 10 to 25% of all lung cancer cases. Arsenic, asbestos and radon are three prominent non-tobacco carcinogens strongly associated with lung cancer. Exposure to these agents can lead to genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor genomes, impacting genes and pathways involved in lung cancer development. Moreover, these agents not only exhibit unique mechanisms in causing genomic alterations, but also exert deleterious effects through common mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, commonly associated with carcinogenesis. This article provides a comprehensive review of arsenic, asbestos, and radon induced molecular mechanisms responsible for the generation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in lung cancer. A better understanding of the mode of action of these carcinogens will facilitate the prevention and management of lung cancer related to such environmental hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hubaux
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - Katey SS Enfield
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Victor D Martinez
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
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Severson PL, Tokar EJ, Vrba L, Waalkes MP, Futscher BW. Agglomerates of aberrant DNA methylation are associated with toxicant-induced malignant transformation. Epigenetics 2012; 7:1238-48. [PMID: 22976526 PMCID: PMC3499325 DOI: 10.4161/epi.22163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysfunction is a known contributor in carcinogenesis, and is emerging as a mechanism involved in toxicant-induced malignant transformation for environmental carcinogens such as arsenicals or cadmium. In addition to aberrant DNA methylation of single genes, another manifestation of epigenetic dysfunction in cancer is agglomerative DNA methylation, which can participate in long-range epigenetic silencing that targets many neighboring genes and has been shown to occur in several types of clinical cancers. Using in vitro model systems of toxicant-induced malignant transformation, we found hundreds of aberrant DNA methylation events that emerge during malignant transformation, some of which occur in an agglomerative fashion. In an arsenite-transformed prostate epithelial cell line, the protocadherin (PCDH), HOXC and HOXD gene family clusters are targeted for agglomerative DNA methylation. The agglomerative DNA methylation changes induced by arsenicals appear to be common and clinically relevant events, since they occur in other human cancer cell lines and models of malignant transformation, as well as clinical cancer specimens. Aberrant DNA methylation in general occurred more often within histone H3 lysine-27 trimethylation stem cell domains. We found a striking association between enrichment of histone H3 lysine-9 trimethylation stem cell domains and toxicant-induced agglomerative DNA methylation, suggesting these epigenetic modifications may become aberrantly linked during malignant transformation. In summary, we found an association between toxicant-induced malignant transformation and agglomerative DNA methylation, which lends further support to the hypothesis that epigenetic dysfunction plays an important role in toxicant-induced malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Severson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Chervona Y, Costa M. The control of histone methylation and gene expression by oxidative stress, hypoxia, and metals. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1041-7. [PMID: 22841757 PMCID: PMC3432141 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The harmful consequences of carcinogenic metals, such as nickel, arsenic, and chromium, are thought to be in part due to their ability to induce oxidative stress. The ubiquity of oxidative stress in biological systems has made it a fairly obvious culprit in causing cellular damage and/or development of disease. However, the full extent of oxidative stress-induced damage is not limited to its direct effects on cellular components, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, but may extend to its ability to alter gene expression. Gene expression regulation is an important component of cellular and/or tissue homeostasis, and its alteration can have detrimental consequences. Therefore, a growing amount of interest is being paid to understanding how oxidative stress can influence gene expression. Oxidative stress-induced epigenetic dysregulation in the form of posttranslational histone modifications, in particular, is a popular topic of research. This review will therefore primarily focus on discussing the role of oxidative stress and hypoxia on histone methylation and/or gene expression alterations. The sources of oxidative stress discussed here are carcinogenic metals, such as, nickel, arsenic, and chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Chervona
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA
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Treas JN, Tyagi T, Singh KP. Effects of chronic exposure to arsenic and estrogen on epigenetic regulatory genes expression and epigenetic code in human prostate epithelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43880. [PMID: 22952798 PMCID: PMC3428278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposures to arsenic and estrogen are known risk factors for prostate cancer. Though the evidence suggests that exposure to arsenic or estrogens can disrupt normal DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications, the mechanisms by which these chemicals induce epigenetic changes are not fully understood. Moreover, the epigenetic effects of co-exposure to these two chemicals are not known. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to arsenic and estrogen, both alone and in combination, on the expression of epigenetic regulatory genes, their consequences on DNA methylation, and histone modifications. Human prostate epithelial cells, RWPE-1, chronically exposed to arsenic and estrogen alone and in combination were used for analysis of epigenetic regulatory genes expression, global DNA methylation changes, and histone modifications at protein level. The result of this study revealed that exposure to arsenic, estrogen, and their combination alters the expression of epigenetic regulatory genes and changes global DNA methylation and histone modification patterns in RWPE-1 cells. These changes were significantly greater in arsenic and estrogen combination treated group than individually treated group. The findings of this study will help explain the epigenetic mechanism of arsenic- and/or estrogen-induced prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N. Treas
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tulika Tyagi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kamaleshwar P. Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
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Kile ML, Baccarelli A, Hoffman E, Tarantini L, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Mahiuddin G, Mostofa G, Hsueh YM, Wright RO, Christiani DC. Prenatal arsenic exposure and DNA methylation in maternal and umbilical cord blood leukocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:1061-6. [PMID: 22466225 PMCID: PMC3404653 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is an epigenetic toxicant and could influence fetal developmental programming. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association between arsenic exposure and DNA methylation in maternal and umbilical cord leukocytes. METHODS Drinking-water and urine samples were collected when women were at ≤ 28 weeks gestation; the samples were analyzed for arsenic using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. DNA methylation at CpG sites in p16 (n = 7) and p53 (n = 4), and in LINE-1 and Alu repetitive elements (3 CpG sites in each), was quantified using pyrosequencing in 113 pairs of maternal and umbilical blood samples. We used general linear models to evaluate the relationship between DNA methylation and tertiles of arsenic exposure. RESULTS Mean (± SD) drinking-water arsenic concentration was 14.8 ± 36.2 μg/L (range: < 1-230 μg/L). Methylation in LINE-1 increased by 1.36% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52, 2.21%] and 1.08% (95% CI: 0.07, 2.10%) in umbilical cord and maternal leukocytes, respectively, in association with the highest versus lowest tertile of total urinary arsenic per gram creatinine. Arsenic exposure was also associated with higher methylation of some of the tested CpG sites in the promoter region of p16 in umbilical cord and maternal leukocytes. No associations were observed for Alu or p53 methylation. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to higher levels of arsenic was positively associated with DNA methylation in LINE-1 repeated elements, and to a lesser degree at CpG sites within the promoter region of the tumor suppressor gene p16. Associations were observed in both maternal and fetal leukocytes. Future research is needed to confirm these results and determine if these small increases in methylation are associated with any health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Kile
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
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Suzuki T, Nohara K. Long-term arsenic exposure induces histone H3 Lys9 dimethylation without altering DNA methylation in the promoter region of p16INK4aand down-regulates its expression in the liver of mice. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:951-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Suzuki
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba; 305-8506; Japan
| | - Keiko Nohara
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba; 305-8506; Japan
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Arita A, Shamy MY, Chervona Y, Clancy HA, Sun H, Hall MN, Qu Q, Gamble MV, Costa M. The effect of exposure to carcinogenic metals on histone tail modifications and gene expression in human subjects. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2012; 26:174-8. [PMID: 22633395 PMCID: PMC3620044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanisms by which nickel and arsenic compounds exert their carcinogenic properties are not completely understood. In recent years, alterations of epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in the carcinogenesis of compounds of these two metals. In vitro exposure to certain nickel or arsenic compounds induces changes in both DNA methylation patterns, as well as, in the levels of posttranslational modifications of histone tails. Changes in DNA methylation patterns have been reported in human subjects exposed to arsenic. Here we review our recent reports on the alterations in global levels of posttranslational histone modifications in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of subjects with occupational exposure to nickel and subjects exposed to arsenic in their drinking water. Occupational exposure to nickel was associated with an increase in H3K4me3 and decrease in H3K9me2. A global increase in H3K9me2 and decrease in H3K9ac was found in subjects exposed to arsenic. Additionally, exposure to arsenic resulted in opposite changes in a number of histone modifications in males when compared with females in the arsenic population. The results of these two studies suggest that exposure to nickel or arsenic compounds, and possibly other carcinogenic metal compounds, can induce changes in global levels of posttranslational histone modifications in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arita
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Magdy Y. Shamy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yana Chervona
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Harriet A. Clancy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Megan N. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qingshan Qu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
| | - Mary V. Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA
- Corresponding author: Max Costa; New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, New York, 10987, USA.
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Li Q, Chen H. Silencing of Wnt5a during colon cancer metastasis involves histone modifications. Epigenetics 2012; 7:551-8. [PMID: 22522911 DOI: 10.4161/epi.20050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the United States. Approximately 90% of colon cancer deaths arise from the metastasis of primary tumors. Aberrant expression of Wnt5a, one of the WNT signaling factors, has been reported during colon cancer development and progression. We found that both mRNA and protein expression of Wnt5a were decreased in the highly metastatic human colon cancer cell line SW620 compared with the non-metastatic human colon cancer cell SW480. This study tested the hypothesis that the silencing of Wnt5a in metastatic human colon cancer cells is related to altered epigenetic modifications. Wnt5a expression was not responsive to DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-cytidine treatment. However, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaBt) significantly increased Wnt5a mRNA expression in SW620. Importantly, lower transcription of Wnt5a in SW620 than SW480 corresponded to multiple histone modifications, including lower levels of acetylated histone H3, H4 and H3K4me2 and higher levels of H3K27me3 in the promoter region. The increase of H3Ac, H4Ac and H3K4me2 after NaBt treatment in SW620 confirmed the involvement of histone modifications in the transcriptional regulation of Wnt5a. Additionally, NaBt treatment increased β-catenin signaling and diminished the difference in cell adhesion ability between non-metastatic SW480 and metastatic SW620, suggesting that the HDAC inhibitor plays critical roles in the WNT signaling pathway and cell physiology that relate to metastasis. In conclusion, our study suggests the importance of Wnt5a in colon cancer metastasis and also indicates that Wnt5a silencing in the highly invasive human colon cancer cell line might result from transcriptional regulation of the gene by histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Jasso-Pineda Y, Díaz-Barriga F, Calderón J, Yáñez L, Carrizales L, Pérez-Maldonado IN. DNA damage and decreased DNA repair in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in individuals exposed to arsenic and lead in a mining site. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 146:141-9. [PMID: 22016027 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA damage and the capacity for DNA repair in children exposed to arsenic and lead. During 2006, we studied a total of 85 healthy children (aged 4-11 years) who were residents of Villa de la Paz (community A), Matehuala (community B), and Soledad de Graciano Sanchez (community C) in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The quantification of arsenic in urine (AsU) and lead in blood (PbB) was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The alkaline comet assay was used to evaluate DNA damage and DNA repair. The highest levels of AsU and PbB in children were found in community A (44.5 μg/g creatinine for arsenic and 11.4 μg/dL for lead), followed by community B (16.8 μg/g creatinine for arsenic and 7.3 μg/dL for lead) and finally by children living in community C (12.8 μg/g creatinine for arsenic and 5.3 μg/dL for lead). When DNA damage was assessed, children living in community A had the highest DNA damage. Analysis of these same cells 1 h after a challenge with H(2)O(2) 10 μM showed a dramatic increase in DNA damage in the cells of children living in community B and community C, but not in the cells of children living in community A. Moreover, significantly higher levels of DNA damage were observed 3 h after the challenge ended (repair period) in cells from individuals living in community A. Our results show that children exposed to metals might be more susceptible to DNA alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Jasso-Pineda
- Departamento Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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Abstract
To elucidate the effect of cigarette smoke on developing lung cancer among individuals, numerous genetic and epigenetic factors related to cigarette smoke-induced lung cancers have been widely investigated and a various genes, loci and pathways have been identified as candidates to date. However, the importance of these molecular alterations in the initiation and progression of lung cancer still remains imprecise and different molecules altered in lung cancer are being used for stratification of patients for targeted therapy. There are a number of molecular pathways involved in the development of lung cancer, and environmental factors related to these alterations are still unclear. Furthermore, various genetic alterations determined by candidate gene approach have not been re-evaluated for their functional significance together with epigenetic alterations in the same population. Accumulated evidence suggested that lung cancer in ever smokers and never smokers follow distinct molecular pathways and may therefore respond to distinct therapy. Therefore, additional studies will be essential to re-evaluate the individual risk of developing lung cancer based on the combination of genetic and epigenetic alterations and to set up a guideline to assess the individual risk for lung cancer and for its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Begum
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Nutritional manipulation of one-carbon metabolism: effects on arsenic methylation and toxicity. J Toxicol 2012; 2012:595307. [PMID: 22523489 PMCID: PMC3317163 DOI: 10.1155/2012/595307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As) through drinking water is a substantial problem worldwide. The methylation of As, a reactive metalloid, generates monomethyl- (MMA) and dimethyl-arsenical (DMA) species. The biochemical pathway that catalyzes these reactions, one-carbon metabolism, is regulated by folate and other micronutrients. Arsenic methylation exerts a critical influence on both its urinary elimination and chemical reactivity. Mice having the As methyltransferase null genotype show reduced urinary As excretion, increased As retention, and severe systemic toxicity. The most toxic As metabolite in vitro is MMAIII, an intermediate in the generation of DMAV, a much less toxic metabolite. These findings have raised the question of whether As methylation is a detoxification or bioactivation pathway. Results of population-based studies suggest that complete methylation of inorganic As to DMA is associated with reduced risk for As-induced health outcomes, and that nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism, such as folate, can facilitate As methylation and elimination.
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Li G, Lee LS, Li M, Tsao SW, Chiu JF. Molecular changes during arsenic-induced cell transformation. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:3225-32. [PMID: 21344382 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic and its derivatives are naturally occurring metalloid compounds widely distributed in the environment. Arsenics are known to cause cancers of the skin, liver, lung, kidney, and bladder. Although numerous carcinogenic pathways have been proposed, the exact molecular mechanisms remain to be delineated. To further characterize the role of oxidative stress in arsenite-induced cell transformation via the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated Ras/Erk pathway, here we demonstrated arsenite-induced rat lung epithelial cell (LEC) transformation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stimulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway, and enhancement of cell proliferation. However, there was no evidence of activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in arsenite-induced transformed LECs. Since ROS is involved in arsenite-induced LEC cell transformation, Redox-status regulatory proteins (Cu/Zn SOD and thioredoxin) and arsenite-induced LEC cell transformation were significantly inhibited by concurrent treatment with the antioxidants. Our experimental results clearly demonstrated that induction of p-ERK and cell proliferation by arsenite is mediated via oxidative stress, since antioxidants can inhibit arsenite-induced cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanwu Li
- Department of Biochemistry/Open Laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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States JC, Barchowsky A, Cartwright IL, Reichard JF, Futscher BW, Lantz RC. Arsenic toxicology: translating between experimental models and human pathology. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1356-63. [PMID: 21684831 PMCID: PMC3230447 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic arsenic exposure is a worldwide health problem. How arsenic exposure promotes a variety of diseases is poorly understood, and specific relationships between experimental and human exposures are not established. We propose phenotypic anchoring as a means to unify experimental observations and disease outcomes. OBJECTIVES We examined the use of phenotypic anchors to translate experimental data to human pathology and investigated research needs for which phenotypic anchors need to be developed. METHODS During a workshop, we discussed experimental systems investigating arsenic dose/exposure and phenotypic expression relationships and human disease responses to chronic arsenic exposure and identified knowledge gaps. In a literature review, we identified areas where data exist to support phenotypic anchoring of experimental results to pathologies from specific human exposures. DISCUSSION Disease outcome is likely dependent on cell-type-specific responses and interaction with individual genetics, other toxicants, and infectious agents. Potential phenotypic anchors include target tissue dosimetry, gene expression and epigenetic profiles, and tissue biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Translation to human populations requires more extensive profiling of human samples along with high-quality dosimetry. Anchoring results by gene expression and epigenetic profiling has great promise for data unification. Genetic predisposition of individuals affects disease outcome. Interactions with infectious agents, particularly viruses, may explain some species-specific differences between human pathologies and experimental animal pathologies. Invertebrate systems amenable to genetic manipulation offer potential for elaborating impacts of specific biochemical pathways. Anchoring experimental results to specific human exposures will accelerate understanding of mechanisms of arsenic-induced human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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Liao WT, Lan CCE, Lee CH, Yu HS. Concentration-dependent cellular responses of arsenic in keratinocytes. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:390-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Cyr AR, Domann FE. The redox basis of epigenetic modifications: from mechanisms to functional consequences. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:551-89. [PMID: 20919933 PMCID: PMC3118659 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications represent mechanisms by which cells may effectively translate multiple signaling inputs into phenotypic outputs. Recent research is revealing that redox metabolism is an increasingly important determinant of epigenetic control that may have significant ramifications in both human health and disease. Numerous characterized epigenetic marks, including histone methylation, acetylation, and ADP-ribosylation, as well as DNA methylation, have direct linkages to central metabolism through critical redox intermediates such as NAD(+), S-adenosyl methionine, and 2-oxoglutarate. Fluctuations in these intermediates caused by both normal and pathologic stimuli may thus have direct effects on epigenetic signaling that lead to measurable changes in gene expression. In this comprehensive review, we present surveys of both metabolism-sensitive epigenetic enzymes and the metabolic processes that may play a role in their regulation. To close, we provide a series of clinically relevant illustrations of the communication between metabolism and epigenetics in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer disease, cancer, and environmental toxicity. We anticipate that the regulatory mechanisms described herein will play an increasingly large role in our understanding of human health and disease as epigenetics research progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Cyr
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1181, USA
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Cantone L, Nordio F, Hou L, Apostoli P, Bonzini M, Tarantini L, Angelici L, Bollati V, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Bertazzi PA, Baccarelli A. Inhalable metal-rich air particles and histone H3K4 dimethylation and H3K9 acetylation in a cross-sectional study of steel workers. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:964-9. [PMID: 21385672 PMCID: PMC3222996 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiology investigations have linked exposure to ambient and occupational air particulate matter (PM) with increased risk of lung cancer. PM contains carcinogenic and toxic metals, including arsenic and nickel, which have been shown in in vitro studies to induce histone modifications that activate gene expression by inducing open-chromatin states. Whether inhalation of metal components of PM induces histone modifications in human subjects is undetermined. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether the metal components of PM determined activating histone modifications in 63 steel workers with well-characterized exposure to metal-rich PM. METHODS We determined histone 3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) and histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) on histones from blood leukocytes. Exposure to inhalable metal components (aluminum, manganese, nickel, zinc, arsenic, lead, iron) and to total PM was estimated for each study subject. RESULTS Both H3K4me2 and H3K9ac increased in association with years of employment in the plant (p-trend = 0.04 and 0.006, respectively). H3K4me2 increased in association with air levels of nickel [β = 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.03-0.3], arsenic (β = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.02-0.3), and iron (β = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.01-0.26). H3K9ac showed nonsignificant positive associations with air levels of nickel (β = 0.24; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.51), arsenic (β = 0.21; 95% CI, -0.06 to 0.48), and iron (β = 0.22; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.47). Cumulative exposures to nickel and arsenic, defined as the product of years of employment by metal air levels, were positively correlated with both H3K4me2 (nickel: β = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.01-0.3; arsenic: β = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.29) and H3K9ac (nickel: β = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.01-0.54; arsenic: β = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.04-0.51). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate histone modifications as a novel epigenetic mechanism induced in human subjects by long-term exposure to inhalable nickel and arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cantone
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Università di Milano and Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, and Maggiore Hospital, Mangiagalli and Regina Elena Foundation, Milan, Italy
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50
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Koturbash I, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. Role of epigenetic events in chemical carcinogenesis—a justification for incorporating epigenetic evaluations in cancer risk assessment. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:289-97. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.557881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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