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Intisar A, Ramzan A, Hafeez S, Hussain N, Irfan M, Shakeel N, Gill KA, Iqbal A, Janczarek M, Jesionowski T. Adsorptive and photocatalytic degradation potential of porous polymeric materials for removal of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and dyes-based emerging contaminants from water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139203. [PMID: 37315851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Life on earth is dependent on clean water, which is crucial for survival. Water supplies are getting contaminated due to the growing human population and its associated industrialization, urbanization, and chemically improved agriculture. Currently, a large number of people struggle to find clean drinking water, a problem that is particularly serious in developing countries. To meet the enormous demand of clean water around the world, there is an urgent need of advanced technologies and materials that are affordable, easy to use, thermally efficient, portable, environmentally benign, and chemically durable. The physical, chemical and biological methods are used to eliminate insoluble materials and soluble pollutants from wastewater. In addition to cost, each treatment carries its limitations in terms of effectiveness, productivity, environmental effect, sludge generation, pre-treatment demands, operating difficulties, and the creation of potentially hazardous byproducts. To overcome the problems of traditional methods, porous polymers have distinguished themselves as practical and efficient materials for the treatment of wastewater because of their distinctive characteristics such as large surface area, chemical versatility, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. This study overviews improvement in manufacturing methods and the sustainable usage of porous polymers for wastewater treatment and explicitly discusses the efficiency of advanced porous polymeric materials for the removal of emerging pollutants viz. pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals whereby adsorption and photocatalytic degradation are considered to be among the most promising methods for their effective removal. Porous polymers are considered excellent adsorbents for the mitigation of these pollutants as they are cost-effective and have greater porosities to facilitate penetration and adhesion of pollutants, thus enhance their adsorption functionality. Appropriately functionalized porous polymers can offer the potential to eliminate hazardous chemicals and making water useful for a variety of purposes thus, numerous types of porous polymers have been selected, discussed and compared especially in terms of their efficiencies against specific pollutants. The study also sheds light on numerous challenges faced by porous polymers in the removal of contaminants, their solutions and some associated toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Intisar
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Arooj Ramzan
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shahzar Hafeez
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biomedical Physics, Doctoral School of Exact Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Poland
| | - Nasir Shakeel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Komal Aziz Gill
- Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Lui's Reis Santos, 3030-788, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcin Janczarek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland.
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Abdel-Salam OME, Sayed MAEBM, Omara EA, Sleem AA. Cardioprotection by methylene Blue Against Epinephrine-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias and Myocardial Injury. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE 2023; 20:64-72. [DOI: 10.37394/23208.2023.20.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Methylene blue is used in the treatment of vasoplegic syndrome after cardiac surgery, anaphylaxis, and septic shock refractory to epinephrine and fluid resuscitation. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of methylene blue on the development of cardiac arrhythmias after injection of epinephrine in rats. Methylene blue was given intraperitoneally at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg. Cardiac arrhythmia was then induced with 10 μg/kg of epinephrine intravenously. In untreated, control rats, epinephrine caused bradycardia (96.48 ± 1.06 vs. 365.03 ± 0.68 beats/min), increased PR interval (0.54 ± 0.04 vs. 0.039 ± 0.004), RR interval (0.64 ± 0.003 vs. 0.16 ± 0.004 sec), shortened QTc interval (0.067 ± 0.05 vs. 0.1 ± 0.004 sec), increased QRS duration (0.048 ± 0.005 vs. 0.028 ± 0.002 sec), decreased R wave amplitude (0.3 ± 0.03 vs. 0.49 ± 0.04 mv), decreased the height of the ST segment (-0.0696 ± 0.004 vs. -0.0054 ± 0.003 mv), and caused ventricular extrasystoles (7.92 ± 0.56 vs. 0.5 ± 0.5). Methylene blue given at 50 or 100 mg/kg increased the heart rate, decreased RR interval, QRS duration and the drop in the ST height, increased duration of QTc interval and R wave amplitude and decreased the number of extrasystoles. The histological study showed that methylene blue protected against myocardial structural disorganization, cellular damage, necrosis, and haemorrhage between muscle fibres induced by epinephrine injection. We conclude that methylene blue dose-dependently prevented epinephrine-induced arrhythmias and cardiac muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. E. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
| | | | - Enayat A Omara
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
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Hitge R, Petzer JP, Petzer A. The inhibition of monoamine oxidase by 2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 77:129038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hitge R, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Isatoic anhydrides as novel inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 73:117030. [PMID: 36179486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes metabolise neurotransmitter amines in the central and peripheral tissues, and thereby contribute to the regulation of neurotransmission. Inhibitors of MAO modulate the levels of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, and have been used for several decades for the treatment of depression and Parkinson's disease, while potential new therapeutic applications in other diseases such as prostate cancer and heart failure may exist. In the interest of discovering new classes of chemical compounds that potently inhibit the MAOs, the present study synthesises a series of ten isatoic anhydrides and evaluates their potential as in vitro inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. The isatoic anhydrides bear structural similarity to a series of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinones as well as to series of isatins and phthalimides that have been reported to act as potent MAO-B inhibitors. The results document that the isatoic anhydrides inhibit both MAO isoforms with the most potent inhibitors exhibiting IC50 values of 0.010 µM (1b and 1h) and 0.0047 µM (1j) for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Molecular docking suggests that isatoic anhydrides exhibit similar binding modes and interactions with MAO-A and MAO-B, which may explain their potent inhibition of both isoforms. It may be concluded that the isatoic anhydrides represent a new class of MAO inhibitors, while it is interesting to note that very few studies on the pharmacological actions of isatoic anhydrides have been reported. As a secondary aim, the isatoic anhydrides were also evaluated as potential inhibitors of d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rialette Hitge
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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The photodynamic and intrinsic effects of Azure B on mitochondrial bioenergetics and the consequences of its intrinsic effects on hepatic energy metabolism. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102446. [PMID: 34289416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to characterize the intrinsic and photodynamic effects of azure B (AB) on mitochondrial bioenergetics, as well as the consequences of its intrinsic effects on hepatic energy metabolism. METHODS Two experimental systems were utilized: (a) isolated rat liver mitochondria and (b) isolated perfused rat liver. RESULTS AB interacted with mitochondria regardless of photostimulation, but its binding degree was reduced by mitochondrial energization. Under photostimulation, AB caused lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and decreased the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria. AB impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in at least three distinct ways: (1) uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation; (2) photoinactivation of complexes I and II; and (3) photoinactivation of the FoF1-ATP synthase complex. Without photostimulation, AB also demonstrated mitochondrial toxicity, which was characterized by the induction of lipid peroxidation, loss of inner mitochondrial membrane integrity, and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. The perfused rat liver experiments showed that mitochondria were one of the major targets of AB, even in intact cells. AB inhibited gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis, two biosynthetic pathways strictly dependent on intramitochondrially generated ATP. Contrariwise, AB stimulated glycogenolysis and glycolysis, which are required compensatory pathways for the inhibited oxidative phosphorylation. Similarly, AB reduced the cellular ATP content and the ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios. CONCLUSIONS Although the properties and severe photodynamic effects of AB on rat liver mitochondria might suggest its usefulness in PDT treatment of liver tumors, this possibility should be considered with precaution given the toxic intrinsic effects of AB on mitochondrial bioenergetics and energy-linked hepatic metabolism.
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Cloete SJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Interactions of dye compounds that are structurally related to methylene blue with acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanus J. Cloete
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
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Onder S, Biberoglu K, Tacal O. The kinetics of inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase by methylene violet 3RAX. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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8
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Azure B affects amyloid precursor protein metabolism in PS70 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 299:88-93. [PMID: 30500345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by abundant deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide that is the result of sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase. Several studies have documented that inhibition of Aβ peptide synthesis or facilitating its degradation is one of the attractive therapeutic strategies in AD. Methylene blue (MethB), which has recently been investigated in Phase II clinical trials, is a prominent inhibitor in reducing Aβ oligomers. Herein, we wonder whether the mitigating effects of MethB on amyloid metabolism are related to the activity of its major metabolite, azure B. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of azure B, which is also a cholinesterase inhibitor, on APP processing by using Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human wild-type APP and presenilin 1 (PS70). Azure B significantly decreased the levels of secreted APPα (sAPPα) and Aβ40/42 in culture medium with a dose-dependent manner. A significant decrease was also observed in the levels of intracellular APP without affecting the cell viability. In parallel with the decrease of APP and APP metabolites, the activity of β-secretase 1 (BACE1) was significantly attenuated compared to control. Overall, our results show that azure B has a large contribution for the pharmacological profile of MethB in APP metabolism.
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Suresh J, Baek SC, Ramakrishnan SP, Kim H, Mathew B. Discovery of potent and reversible MAO-B inhibitors as furanochalcones. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:660-664. [PMID: 29195801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of twelve furanochalcones (F1-F12) was synthesized and investigated for their human monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities. Among the series, compound (2E, 4E)-1-(furan-2-yl)-5-phenylpenta-2, 4-dien-1-one (F1), which was analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, showed potent and selective MAO-B inhibitory activity with an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 0.0041 μM and selectivity index of (SI) 172.4, and exhibited competitive inhibition. Introduction of a cinnamyl group to the furanochalcone significantly increased the inhibitory activity. In the dilution-recovery experiments, the residual activities of MAO-A and MAO-B by F1 under the diluted condition fully recovered as compared with the undiluted condition, indicating F1 is a reversible inhibitor. The Ki value of F1 is the lowest among the values of chalcone derivatives and furthermore lower than that (0.0079 μM) of the reversible MAO-B inhibitor, lazabemide, a marketed drug. Molecular docking study against hMAO-B provided the binding site interactions of the lead compound, including strong π-π stacking between the phenyl system and FAD nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerad Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, 600003, India
| | - Seung Cheol Baek
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, 678557, Kerala, India.
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Lee HW, Ryu HW, Baek SC, Kang MG, Park D, Han HY, An JH, Oh SR, Kim H. Potent inhibitions of monoamine oxidase A and B by acacetin and its 7-O-(6-O-malonylglucoside) derivative from Agastache rugosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Delport A, Harvey BH, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Methylene blue and its analogues as antidepressant compounds. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1357-1382. [PMID: 28762173 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylene Blue (MB) is considered to have diverse medical applications and is a well-described treatment for methemoglobinemias and ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy. In recent years the focus has shifted to MB as an antimalarial agent and as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Of interest are reports that MB possesses antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in pre-clinical models and has shown promise in clinical trials for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. MB is a noteworthy inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), which is a well-established target for antidepressant action. MB is also recognized as a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and guanylate cyclase. Dysfunction of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cascade is strongly linked to the neurobiology of mood, anxiety and psychosis, while the inhibition of NOS and/or guanylate cyclase has been associated with an antidepressant response. This action of MB may contribute significantly to its psychotropic activity. However, these disorders are also characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance. By acting as an alternative electron acceptor/donor MB restores mitochondrial function, improves neuronal energy production and inhibits the formation of superoxide, effects that also may contribute to its therapeutic activity. Using MB in depression co-morbid with neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, also represents a particularly relevant strategy. By considering their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, analogues of MB may provide therapeutic potential as novel multi-target strategies in the treatment of depression. In addition, low MAO-A active analogues may provide equal or improved response with a lower risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzelle Delport
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Lee HW, Ryu HW, Kang MG, Park D, Lee H, Shin HM, Oh SR, Kim H. Potent inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by decursin from Angelica gigas Nakai and by wogonin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:598-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lee HW, Ryu HW, Kang MG, Park D, Oh SR, Kim H. Selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase A by purpurin, an anthraquinone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1136-1140. [PMID: 28188065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the oxidation of monoamines that act as neurotransmitters. During a target-based screening of natural products using two isoforms of recombinant human MAO-A and MAO-B, purpurin (an anthraquinone derivative) was found to potently and selectively inhibit MAO-A, with an IC50 value of 2.50μM, and not to inhibit MAO-B. Alizarin (also an anthraquinone) inhibited MAO-A less potently with an IC50 value of 30.1μM. Furthermore, purpurin was a reversible and competitive inhibitor of MAO-A with a Ki value of 0.422μM. A comparison of their chemical structures suggested the 4-hydroxy group of purpurin might play an important role in its inhibition of MAO-A. Molecular docking simulation showed that the binding affinity of purpurin for MAO-A (-40.0kcal/mol) was higher than its affinity for MAO-B (-33.9kcal/mol), and that Ile 207 and Gly 443 of MAO-A were key residues for hydrogen bonding with purpurin. The findings of this study suggest purpurin is a potent, selective, reversible inhibitor of MAO-A, and that it be considered a new potential lead compound for development of novel reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyun Kang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Khadem Sadigh M, Zakerhamidi M, Rezaei B, Milanchian K. Environment effects on the nonlinear absorption properties of Methylene blue under different power of excitation beam. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Paul P, Mati SS, Bhattacharya SC, Kumar GS. Exploring the interaction of phenothiazinium dyes methylene blue, new methylene blue, azure A and azure B with tRNAPhe: spectroscopic, thermodynamic, voltammetric and molecular modeling approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6636-6653. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07888e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA targeting by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Paul
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | | | | | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
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Zhang Z, Chen R, An W, Wang C, Liao G, Dong X, Bi A, Yin Z, Luo L. A novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and calcium channel blocker SCR-1693 improves Aβ25-35-impaired mouse cognitive function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:599-613. [PMID: 26554390 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The mechanism involved in AD is complex, which has prompted to develop compounds that could simultaneously interact with several potential targets. Here, we report a new synthesized compound SCR-1693 which is designed to target both AChE and calcium channels that are potential for AD therapy. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of SCR-1693 on AChE and calcium channels, the effects of neuroprotection and anti-amnesia in icv-Aβ25-35-injected mice, and the potential mechanisms. METHODS AChE activity assay, intracellular Ca(2+) content and calcium currents measurement, and Aβ25-35-induced cellular death determine were performed for validation of designed targets and neuroprotection of SCR-1693. Mice were orally administrated with SCR-1693 once daily after an Aβ25-35 injection. The Morris water maze and Y-maze test, and hippocampal protein detection were conducted on days 5-10, day 11, and day 8. The pyramidal neuron number, hippocampal AChE activity, and synaptic transmission were measured on day 12. RESULTS SCR-1693 acted as a selective, reversible, and noncompetitive inhibitor of AChE, and a nonselective voltage-gated calcium channel blocker. SCR-1693 also inhibited the increase of AChE activity in the mouse hippocampus. SCR-1693 was more effective than donepezil and memantine in preventing Aβ25-35-induced long-term and short-term memory impairment, maintaining the basal transmission of Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses, and sustaining LTP in mouse hippocampus. SCR-1693 attenuated Aβ25-35-induced death of SH-SY5Y cell and the loss of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and regulated Aβ25-35-induced signal cascade in neurons. CONCLUSIONS All these findings indicated that SCR-1693, as a double-target-direction agent, is a considerable candidate for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenji An
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoyong Liao
- Jiangsu Simovay Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
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Pakavathkumar P, Sharma G, Kaushal V, Foveau B, LeBlanc AC. Methylene Blue Inhibits Caspases by Oxidation of the Catalytic Cysteine. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13730. [PMID: 26400108 PMCID: PMC4585840 DOI: 10.1038/srep13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue, currently in phase 3 clinical trials against Alzheimer Disease, disaggregates the Tau protein of neurofibrillary tangles by oxidizing specific cysteine residues. Here, we investigated if methylene blue can inhibit caspases via the oxidation of their active site cysteine. Methylene blue, and derivatives, azure A and azure B competitively inhibited recombinant Caspase-6 (Casp6), and inhibited Casp6 activity in transfected human colon carcinoma cells and in serum-deprived primary human neuron cultures. Methylene blue also inhibited recombinant Casp1 and Casp3. Furthermore, methylene blue inhibited Casp3 activity in an acute mouse model of liver toxicity. Mass spectrometry confirmed methylene blue and azure B oxidation of the catalytic Cys163 cysteine of Casp6. Together, these results show a novel inhibitory mechanism of caspases via sulfenation of the active site cysteine. These results indicate that methylene blue or its derivatives could (1) have an additional effect against Alzheimer Disease by inhibiting brain caspase activity, (2) be used as a drug to prevent caspase activation in other conditions, and (3) predispose chronically treated individuals to cancer via the inhibition of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateep Pakavathkumar
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gyanesh Sharma
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vikas Kaushal
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bénédicte Foveau
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea C. LeBlanc
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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