1
|
Merk R, Heßelbach K, Osipova A, Popadić D, Schmidt-Heck W, Kim GJ, Günther S, Piñeres AG, Merfort I, Humar M. Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) from Biomass Combustion Induces an Anti-Oxidative Response and Cancer Drug Resistance in Human Bronchial Epithelial BEAS-2B Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8193. [PMID: 33171923 PMCID: PMC7664250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half of the world's population relies on combustion of solid biofuels to cover fundamental energy demands. Epidemiologic data demonstrate that particularly long-term emissions adversely affect human health. However, pathological molecular mechanisms are insufficiently characterized. Here we demonstrate that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from biomass combustion had no impact on cellular viability and proliferation but increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Exposure to PM2.5 induced the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and mediated an anti-oxidative response, including enhanced levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and nuclear accumulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Activation of Nrf2 was promoted by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase JNK1/2, but not p38 or Akt, which were also induced by PM2.5. Furthermore, cells exposed to PM2.5 acquired chemoresistance to doxorubicin, which was associated with inhibition of apoptosis and elevated levels of GSH in these cells. Our findings propose that exposure to PM2.5 induces molecular defense mechanisms, which prevent cellular damage and may thus explain the initially relative rare complications associated with PM2.5. However, consistent induction of pro-survival pathways may also promote the progression of diseases. Environmental conditions inducing anti-oxidative responses may have the potential to promote a chemoresistant cellular phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Merk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
| | - Katharina Heßelbach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
| | - Anastasiya Osipova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
| | - Désirée Popadić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Gwang-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (G.-J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefan Günther
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (G.-J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Alfonso García Piñeres
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica;
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matjaz Humar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (R.M.); (K.H.); (A.O.); (D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shang Y, Wu M, Zhou J, Zhang X, Zhong Y, An J, Qian G. Cytotoxicity comparison between fine particles emitted from the combustion of municipal solid waste and biomass. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 367:316-324. [PMID: 30599404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particles (PM2.5) emitted from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) contain high amounts of toxic compounds and pose a serious threat to environment and human health. In this study, entire particles as well as extracted water-soluble and -insoluble fractions of PM2.5 collected from MSWI and biomass incineration (BMI) were subjected to physiochemical characterization and cytotoxic tests in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. MSWI PM2.5 had higher contents of heavy metals (including Pb, Zn, and Cu) and dioxins (PCDD/Fs) than did BMI PM2.5. The metals were enriched in the water-insoluble fraction, as measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. BMI PM2.5 had a higher content of endotoxin, which was also enriched in the water-insoluble fraction. MSWI PM2.5 caused more serious cell injuries, as indicated by the lower viability, higher ROS generation, and DNA damage, whereas BMI PM2.5 presented higher pro-inflammatory potential, as indicated by increased mRNA levels of interleukin 6. Normal human BEAS-2B cells were more sensitive than A549 cells in all these tests. Toxic effects caused by MSWI and BMI PM2.5 were mostly attributable to their water-insoluble fractions. Our results indicate different chemical and biological compositions in MSWI and BMI PM2.5 probably dominate in different toxic endpoints in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Meiying Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yufang Zhong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing An
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|