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Louie JD, Barrios-Camacho CM, Bromberg BH, Hintschich CA, Schwob JE. Spatiotemporal dynamics exhibited by horizontal basal cells reveal a pro-neurogenic pathway during injury-induced olfactory epithelium regeneration. iScience 2024; 27:109600. [PMID: 38650985 PMCID: PMC11033173 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Horizontal basal cells (HBCs) mediate olfactory epithelium (OE) regeneration following severe tissue injury. The dynamism of the post-injury environment is well illustrated by in silico modeling of RNA sequencing data that demonstrate an evolving HBC transcriptome. Unfortunately, spatiotemporally dynamic processes occurring within HBCs in situ remain poorly understood. Here, we show that HBCs at 24 h post-OE injury spatially redistribute a constellation of proteins, which, in turn, helped to nominate Rac1 as a regulator of HBC differentiation during OE regeneration. Using our primary culture model to activate HBCs pharmacologically, we demonstrate that concurrent Rac1 inhibition attenuates HBC differentiation potential. This in vitro functional impairment manifested in vivo as decreased HBC differentiation into olfactory sensory neurons following HBC-specific Rac1 conditional knockout. Taken together, our data potentiate the design of hyposmia-alleviating therapies and highlight aspects of in situ HBC spatiotemporal dynamics that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Louie
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Camila M. Barrios-Camacho
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Bromberg
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Constantin A. Hintschich
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - James E. Schwob
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Hemsing AL, Førde JL, Reikvam H, Herfindal L. The Rac1-inhibitor EHop-016 attenuates AML cell migration and enhances the efficacy of daunorubicin in MOLM-13 transplanted zebrafish larvae. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101876. [PMID: 38185059 PMCID: PMC10818244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is a GTPase implicated in cell migration and homing of hematopoietic cells to the hematopoietic niche, and is commonly overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This can lead to quiescence of leukemic blasts in the niche and reduced response to therapy. We investigated the Rac1 inhibitor EHop-016 on AML by assessing its effects on MOLM-13 cells in vitro and in zebrafish larvae, regarding cell motility and therapeutic potential in combination with daunorubicin (DNR). In vitro assessment of proliferation and viability was by measurement of 3H-thymidine incorporation and detection of Annexin V/PI positive cells. Cell motility was evaluated by measurement of migration in a transwell system. Fluorescently stained MOLM-13 cells were injected into zebrafish larvae, and individual cells followed by confocal microscopy. Cell accumulation in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) was studied using a 12-hour timelapse, while in vivo efficacy of DNR, EHop-016 or a combination was investigated over 24 h. The in vitro results showed that EHop-016 acted synergistically in combination with DNR in reducing the viability of MOLM-13 cells (Bliss synergy score above 10 %). Non-toxic concentrations of EHop-016 reduced cell migration. These findings were reproduced in zebrafish larvae: larvae receiving both DNR and EHop-016 had significantly reduced tumor burden compared to the untreated control or single treatments. The accumulation of MOLM-13 cells in the CHT was reduced in larvae receiving EHop-016 treatment. Our findings demonstrate that targeting Rac1 in AML holds promise as a complementary treatment to established chemotherapy and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Lodvir Hemsing
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, pb 1400, Bergen 5021, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Jan-Lukas Førde
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, pb 1400, Bergen 5021, Norway; Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, pb 1400, Bergen 5021, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, Bergen 5021, Norway.
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Baba RA, Mir HA, Mokhdomi TA, Bhat HF, Ahmad A, Khanday FA. Quercetin suppresses ROS production and migration by specifically targeting Rac1 activation in gliomas. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1318797. [PMID: 38362155 PMCID: PMC10867961 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1318797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
P66Shc and Rac1 proteins are responsible for tumor-associated inflammation, particularly in brain tumors characterized by elevated oxidative stress and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Quercetin, a natural polyphenolic flavonoid, is a well-known redox modulator with anticancer properties. It has the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and, thus, could be a possible drug against brain tumors. In this study, we explored the effect of quercetin on Rac1/p66Shc-mediated tumor cell inflammation, which is the principal pathway for the generation of ROS in brain cells. Glioma cells transfected with Rac1, p66Shc, or both were treated with varying concentrations of quercetin for different time points. Quercetin significantly reduced the viability and migration of cells in an ROS-dependent manner with the concomitant inhibition of Rac1/p66Shc expression and ROS production in naïve and Rac1/p66Shc-transfected cell lines, suggestive of preventing Rac1 activation. Through molecular docking simulations, we observed that quercetin showed the best binding compared to other known Rac1 inhibitors and specifically blocked the GTP-binding site in the A-loop of Rac1 to prevent GTP binding and, thus, Rac1 activation. We conclude that quercetin exerts its anticancer effects via the modulation of Rac1-p66Shc signaling by specifically inhibiting Rac1 activation, thus restraining the production of ROS and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia A. Baba
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- Cancer Diagnostic & Research Centre, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Hilal A. Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Hina F. Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang H, Liu J, Tang R, Hu J, Liu M, Wang J, Zhang J, Hou H. Deciphering the significance of anoikis in bladder cancer and systematic analysis of S100A7 as a potential therapeutic target. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:52. [PMID: 38217031 PMCID: PMC10785515 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is an epidemic and life-threating urologic carcinoma. Anoikis is a unusual type of programmed cell death which plays a vital role in tumor survival, invasion and metastasis. Nevertheless, the relationship between anoikis and bladder cancer has not been understood thoroughly. METHODS We downloaded the transcriptome and clinical information of BLCA patients from TCGA and GEO databases. Then, we analyzed different expression of anoikis-related genes and established a prognostic model based on TCGA database by univariate Cox regression, lasso regression, and multivariate Cox regression. Then the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed. GEO database was used for external validation. BLCA patients in TCGA database were divided into two subgroups by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) classification. Survival analysis, different gene expression, immune cell infiltration and drug sensitivity were calculated. Finally, we verified the function of S100A7 in two BLCA cell lines. RESULTS We developed a prognostic risk model based on three anoikis-related genes including TPM1, RAC3 and S100A7. The overall survival of BLCA patients in low-risk groups was significantly better than high-risk groups in training sets, test sets and external validation sets. Subsequently, the checkpoint and immune cell infiltration had significant difference between two groups. Then we identified two subtypes (CA and CB) through NMF analysis and found CA had better OS and PFS than CB. Besides, the accuracy of risk model was verified by ROC analysis. Finally, we identified that knocking down S100A7 gene expression restrained the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSION We established and validated a bladder cancer prognostic model consisting of three genes, which can effectively evaluate the prognosis of bladder cancer patients. Additionally, through cellular experiments, we demonstrated the significant role of S100A7 in the metastasis and invasion of bladder cancer, suggesting its potential as a novel target for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Runhua Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huimin Hou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 DaHua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 DongDan SANTIAO, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Santos JC, Profitós-Pelejà N, Sánchez-Vinces S, Roué G. RHOA Therapeutic Targeting in Hematological Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030433. [PMID: 36766776 PMCID: PMC9914237 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primarily identified as an important regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, the small GTPase Ras homolog gene family member A (RHOA) has been implicated in the transduction of signals regulating a broad range of cellular functions such as cell survival, migration, adhesion and proliferation. Deregulated activity of RHOA has been linked to the growth, progression and metastasis of various cancer types. Recent cancer genome-wide sequencing studies have unveiled both RHOA gain and loss-of-function mutations in primary leukemia/lymphoma, suggesting that this GTPase may exert tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive functions depending on the cellular context. Based on these observations, RHOA signaling represents an attractive therapeutic target for the development of selective anticancer strategies. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying RHOA GTPase functions in immune regulation and in the development of hematological neoplasms and will discuss the current strategies aimed at modulating RHOA functions in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Carvalho Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Núria Profitós-Pelejà
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Salvador Sánchez-Vinces
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 01246-100, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935572835
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Zhang J, Wang YJ, Han YQ. Identification of autophagy-associated genes and prognostic implications in adults with acute myeloid leukemia by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1074057. [PMID: 36727051 PMCID: PMC9885263 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1074057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common malignant blood neoplasma in adults. The prominent disease heterogeneity makes it challenging to foresee patient survival. Autophagy, a highly conserved degradative process, played indispensable and context-dependent roles in AML. However, it remains elusive whether autophagy-associated stratification could accurately predict prognosis of AML patients. Here, we developed a prognostic model based on autophagy-associated genes, and constructed scoring systems that help to predicte the survival of AML patients in both TCGA data and independent AML cohorts. The Nomogram model also confirmed the autophagy-associated model by showing the high concordance between observed and predicted survivals. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network unveiled functional signaling pathways that were associated with autophagy. Altogether, we constructed the autophagy-associated prognostic model that might be likely to predict outcome for AML patients, providing insights into the biological risk stratification strategies and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jun Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Han
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Yan-Qiu Han,
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Bailly C, Beignet J, Loirand G, Sauzeau V. Rac1 as a therapeutic anticancer target: Promises and limitations. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115180. [PMID: 35853497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of GTPases are increasingly considered for the treatment of multiple human pathologies. The GTPase Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) plays major roles in vital cellular processes, notably in the control cell motility and dynamic, the regulation of oxidative stress, and in inflammatory and immune surveillance. As such, Rac1 is viewed as a potential target to combat cancers but also diverse inflammatory, metabolic, neurodegenerative, respiratory, cardiovascular, viral, and parasitic diseases. Potent and selective Rac1 inhibitors have been identified and designed, such as compounds GYS32661 and MBQ-167 both in preclinical development for the treatment of advanced solid tumors. The pleiotropic roles and ubiquitous expression of the protein can be viewed as limitations for anticancer approaches. However, the frequent overexpression and/or hyperactivation of the Rac1 in difficult-to-treat chemoresistant cancers, make Rac1 an attractive target in oncology. The key roles of Rac1 in multiple cellular pathways, together with its major implications in carcinogenesis, tumor proliferation and metastasis, support the development of small molecule inhibitors. The challenge is high and the difficulty shall not be underestimated, but the target is innovative and promising in combination with chemo- and/or immuno-therapy. Opportunities and challenges associated with the targeting of Rac1 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Lille (Wasquehal), 59290, France.
| | - Julien Beignet
- SATT Ouest Valorisation, 30 boulevard Vincent Gâche, CS 70211, 44202 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
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The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cancer: Molecular mechanisms and possible therapeutic interventions. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 127:104787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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