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Pan Y, Zhang H, Zhu L, Tan J, Wang B, Li M. The role of gut microbiota in MP/NP-induced toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124742. [PMID: 39153541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are globally recognized as emerging environmental pollutants in various environmental media, posing potential threats to ecosystems and human health. MPs/NPs are unavoidably ingested by humans, mainly through contaminated food and drinks, impairing the gastrointestinal ecology and seriously impacting the human body. The specific role of gut microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract upon MP/NP exposure remains unknown. Given the importance of gut microbiota in metabolism, immunity, and homeostasis, this review aims to enhance our current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in MP/NP-induced toxicity. First, it discusses human exposure to MPs/NPs through the diet and MP/NP-induced adverse effects on the respiratory, digestive, neural, urinary, reproductive, and immune systems. Second, it elucidates the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and MPs/NPs. MPs/NPs can disrupt gut microbiota homeostasis, while the gut microbiota can degrade MPs/NPs. Third, it reveals the role of the gut microbiota in MP/NP-mediated systematic toxicity. MPs/NPs cause direct intestinal toxicity and indirect toxicity in other organs via regulating the gut-brain, gut-liver, and gut-lung axes. Finally, novel approaches such as dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, engineered bacteria, microalgae, and micro/nanorobots are recommended to reduce MP/NP toxicity in humans. Overall, this review provides a theoretical basis for targeting the gut microbiota to study MP/NP toxicity and develop novel strategies for its mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China.
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological & Chemical engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China; Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
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Zhao L, Zheng J, Gu Y, Xu X, Yu J, Li J, Yang S, Chen B, Du J, Dong R. Quercetin intervention mitigates small intestinal damage and immunologic derangement induced by polystyrene nanoplastics: Insights from multi-omics analysis in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 361:124862. [PMID: 39216663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs), which belong to emerging environmental pollutants, threaten environmental sustainability and human health. Despite recent studies have reported that NPs damage the gastrointestinal tract and immune homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Polyphenols have been found to promote NPs excretion by interacting with intestinal flora (IF). However, the potential mechanisms and action targets of this are still poorly understood. To address these knowledge gaps, we investigated the impact of quercetin and three concentrations of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in mice using an integrated phenotypic and multi-omics analysis. Our findings demonstrated that PS-NPs accumulate within the intestine, resulting in impairments to intestinal tissue and barrier function, as well as disturbing the expression of immune-response small intestinal genes and composition of IF. Exposure to PS-NPs significantly elevate the level of intestinal IgG and CD20+ B cells, while inhibiting T cells activation. Furthermore, PS-NPs could induce systemic immune and serum insulin level disorders. Quercetin might mitigate PS-NPs-induced intestinal damage and immune disorders though reversing IF disorders, gene expression changes, and their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Yiying Gu
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- Zhongshan Community Health Care Center, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Jing Li
- Zhongshan Community Health Care Center, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai 200023, China.
| | - Ruihua Dong
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Wang J, Zhou T. Unveiling gut microbiota's role: Bidirectional regulation of drug transport for improved safety. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39180410 DOI: 10.1002/med.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Drug safety is a paramount concern in the field of drug development, with researchers increasingly focusing on the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota in this context. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining drug safety. It can influence drug transport processes in the body through various mechanisms, thereby modulating their efficacy and toxicity. The main mechanisms include: (1) The gut microbiota directly interacts with drugs, altering their chemical structure to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy, thereby impacting drug transport mechanisms, drugs can also change the structure and abundance of gut bacteria; (2) bidirectional regulation of intestinal barrier permeability by gut microbiota, promoting the absorption of nontoxic drugs and inhibiting the absorption of toxic components; (3) bidirectional regulation of the expression and activity of transport proteins by gut microbiota, selectively promoting the absorption of effective components or inhibiting the absorption of toxic components. This bidirectional regulatory role enables the gut microbiota to play a key role in maintaining drug balance in the body and reducing adverse reactions. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms sheds light on novel approaches to minimize toxic side effects, enhance drug efficacy, and ultimately improve drug safety. This review systematically examines the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota in drug transportation from the aforementioned aspects, emphasizing their significance in ensuring drug safety. Furthermore, it offers a prospective outlook from the standpoint of enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing drug toxicity, underscoring the importance of further exploration in this research domain. It aims to provide more effective strategies for drug development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Chen W, Zheng X, Yan F, Xu L, Ye X. Modulation of Gut Microbial Metabolism by Cyanidin-3- O-Glucoside in Mitigating Polystyrene-Induced Colonic Inflammation: Insights from 16S rRNA Sequencing and Metabolomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7140-7154. [PMID: 38518253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics derived from plastic waste have emerged as a pervasive environmental pollutant with potential transfer and accumulation through the food chain, thus posing risks to both ecosystems and human health. The gut microbiota, tightly intertwined with metabolic processes, exert substantial influences on host physiology by utilizing dietary compounds and generating bacterial metabolites such as tryptophan and bile acid. Our previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to microplastic polystyrene (PS) disrupts the gut microbiota and induces colonic inflammation. Meanwhile, intervention with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), a natural anthocyanin derived from red bayberry, could mitigate colonic inflammation by reshaping the gut bacterial composition. Despite these findings, the specific influence of gut bacteria and their metabolites on alleviating colonic inflammation through C3G intervention remains incompletely elucidated. Therefore, employing a C57BL/6 mouse model, this study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying how C3G modulates gut bacteria and their metabolites to alleviate colonic inflammation. Notably, our findings demonstrated the efficacy of C3G in reversing the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and the upregulation of mRNA expression (Il-6, Il-1β, and Tnf-α) induced by PS exposure. Meanwhile, C3G effectively inhibited the reduction in levels (IL-22, IL-10, and IL-4) and the downregulation of mRNA expression (Il-22, Il-10, and Il-4) of anti-inflammatory cytokines induced by PS exposure. Moreover, PS-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor NF-κB in the nucleus, as well as the increased level of protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in the colon, were inhibited by C3G. Metabolisms of gut bacterial tryptophan and bile acids have been extensively implicated in the regulation of inflammatory processes. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing disclosed that PS treatment significantly increased the abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria (Desulfovibrio, norank_f_Oscillospiraceae, Helicobacter, and Lachnoclostridium) while decreasing the abundance of anti-inflammatory bacteria (Dubosiella, Akkermansia, and Alistipes). Intriguingly, C3G intervention reversed these pro-inflammatory changes in bacterial abundances and augmented the enrichment of bacterial genes involved in tryptophan and bile acid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed the notable upregulation of metabolites associated with tryptophan metabolism (shikimate, l-tryptophan, indole-3-lactic acid, and N-acetylserotonin) and bile acid metabolism (3b-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid, chenodeoxycholate, taurine, and lithocholic acid) following C3G administration. Collectively, these findings shed new light on the protective effects of dietary C3G against PS exposure and underscore the involvement of specific gut bacterial metabolites in the amelioration of colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fujie Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhou Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zha H, Xia J, Wang K, Xu L, Chang K, Li L. Foodborne and airborne polyethersulfone nanoplastics respectively induce liver and lung injury in mice: Comparison with microplastics. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108350. [PMID: 38043322 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics (MNP) are ubiquitous in the environment and multiple living organisms. The toxicity of some common types of MNP, e.g., polyethersulfone (PES) MNP, remains poorly understood. Multi-omics approaches were used in this study to determine the effects of foodborne and airborne PES MNP on liver and lung, respectively. Foodborne MNP were capable of inducing gut microbial dysbiosis, gut and serum metabolic disruption, and liver transcriptomic dysregulation, and affecting serum antioxidant activity and liver function, resulting in liver injury. As for the airborne MNP, they were found to induce nasal and lung microbial dysbiosis, serum and lung metabolic disruption, and liver transcriptome disturbance, and cause disrupted serum antioxidant activity and lung injury. Foodborne and airborne PES NP were found to respectively induce greater liver and lung toxicity than MP, which could be associated with the differences between NP and MP exposures. The relevant results suggest that foodborne PES MNP could disrupt the "gut microbiota-gut-liver" axis and induce hepatic injury, while airborne PES MNP could affect the "airborne microbiota-lung" axis and cause lung injury. The findings could benefit the diagnoses of liver and lung injury respectively induced by foodborne and airborne PES MNP, as well as the proper use of PES in human living environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zha
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaicen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lvwan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Tu P, Zheng X, Niu H, Chen Z, Wang X, Wu L, Tang Q. Characterizing the Gut Microbial Metabolic Profile of Mice with the Administration of Berry-Derived Cyanidin-3-Glucoside. Metabolites 2023; 13:818. [PMID: 37512525 PMCID: PMC10386377 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota has recently received considerable attention. It is well established that consumption of berries confers a number of health benefits. We previously reported that a black raspberry (BRB)-rich diet effectively modulates the gut microbiota. Given the role of anthocyanins in the health benefits of berries, coupled with interactions of gut microbial metabolites with host health, the objective of this follow-up study was to further characterize the profile of functional metabolites in the gut microbiome modulated by anthocyanins. We utilized a berry-derived classic anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), combined with a mouse model to probe C3G-associated functional metabolic products of gut bacteria through a mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling technique. Results showed that C3G substantially changed the gut microbiota of mice, including its composition and metabolic profile. A distinct metabolic profile in addition to a variety of key microbiota-related metabolites was observed in C3G-treated mice. Microbial metabolites involved in protein digestion and absorption were differently abundant between C3G-treated and control mice, which may be linked to the effects of berry consumption. Results of the present study suggest the involvement of the gut microbiota in the health benefits of C3G, providing evidence connecting the gut microbiota with berry consumption and its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huixia Niu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Qiong Tang
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Niu H, Liu S, Jiang Y, Hu Y, Li Y, He L, Xing M, Li X, Wu L, Chen Z, Wang X, Lou X. Are Microplastics Toxic? A Review from Eco-Toxicity to Effects on the Gut Microbiota. Metabolites 2023; 13:739. [PMID: 37367897 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have presented an initial picture of the toxic effects of exposure to environmental micro- and nanoplastics. They have indicated that micro- and nanoplastics may induce toxicity by leading to oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorders, gene damage, and so forth in environmental organisms, marine invertebrates and vertebrates, and laboratory mouse models. In recent years, micro- and nanoplastics have been discovered in human fecal samples, placentas, lung tissue, and even blood; thus, micro- and nanoplastics pose an alarming and ever-increasing threat to global public health. However, current research on the health effects of micro- and nanoplastics and the possible adverse outcomes in humans has only presented the tip of the iceberg. More robust clinical data and basic experiments are still warranted to elucidate the specific relationships and mechanisms. In this paper, we review studies on micro- and nanoplastic toxicity from the perspectives of eco-toxicity, the adverse effects on invertebrates and vertebrates, and the impact of micro- and nanoplastics on the gut microbiota and its metabolites. In addition, we evaluate the toxicological role of micro- and nanoplastic exposure and its potential implications in respect to human health. We also summarize studies regarding preventive strategies. Overall, this review provides insights on micro- and nanoplastic toxicity and its underlying mechanisms, opening up scientific avenues for future in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Niu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Luyang He
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Mingluan Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China
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Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U, Patowary P, Chattopadhyay P, Das A. Therapeutic potential of bioactive phytoconstituents found in fruits in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15347. [PMID: 37101636 PMCID: PMC10123163 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver condition affects a large number of people around the world with a frequency of 25% of all the chronic liver disease worldwide. Several targets viz. anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and, anti-fibrotic factors, anti-oxidant and insulin-sensitizing pathways, metabolic regulators as well as repurposing traditional medications have been studied for the pharmacologic therapy of NAFLD. Newer pharmacotherapies like caspases blockade, agonists of PPAR and farnesoid X receptor agonists are currently being investigated in treating human NAFLD. However, NAFLD has no FDA-approved pharmacological therapy, therefore there is a considerable unmet therapy need. Apart from the conventional treatment regime, the current approaches to treating NAFLD include lifestyle interventions including healthy diet with adequate nutrition and physical activity. Fruits are known to play a key role in the well-being of human health. Fruits are loaded with a repertoire of bioactive phytoconstituents like catechins, phytosterols, proanthocyanidin, genestin, daidzen, resveratrol, magiferin found in fruits like pear, apricot, strawberries, oranges, apples, bananas, grapes, kiwi, pineapple, watermelon, peach, grape seed and skin, mango, currants, raisins, dried dates, passion fruit and many more. These bioactive phytoconstituents are reported to demonstrate promising pharmacological efficacy like reduction in fatty acid deposition, increased lipid metabolism, modulation of insulin signaling pathway, gut microbiota and hepatic inflammation, inhibition of histone acetyltransferase enzymatic activity to name a few. Not only fruits, but their derivatives like oils, pulp, peel, or their preparations are also found to be equally beneficial in various liver diseases like NAFLD, NASH. Although most of the fruits contains potent bioactive phytoconstituents, however, the presence of sugar in fruits put a question mark on the ameliorative property of the fruits and there has been contrasting reports on the glycemic control post fruit consumption in type 2 diabetic patients. This review is an attempt to summarize the beneficial effects of fruit phytoconstituents on NAFLD based on epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence, focusing especially on their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-781026, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Pompy Patowary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
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