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Płotka-Wasylka J, Jatkowska N, Paszkiewicz M, Caban M, Fares MY, Dogan A, Garrigues S, Manousi N, Kalogiouri N, Nowak PM, Samanidou VF, de la Guardia M. Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis: State of the art and future perspectives – PART 1. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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2
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Tsai PC, Pundi A, Brindhadevi K, Ponnusamy VK. Novel semi-automated graphene nanosheets based pipette-tip assisted micro-solid phase extraction as eco-friendly technique for the rapid detection of emerging environmental pollutant in waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130031. [PMID: 33690040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new semi-automated syringe infusion-pump assisted graphene nanosheets (GNSs) based pipette-tip micro-solid phase extraction (PT-μSPE) as a green sample preparation technique was demonstrated for the sensitive analysis of emerging environmental pollutant in environmental waters using HPLC-UV. Microwave-assisted synthesized GNSs powder was packed into a 100 μL pipette-tip (as PT-μSPE cartridge) connected with a commercial plastic syringe (contains water sample). This setup was attached to a programmable auto-syringe infusion pump for the GNSs-PT-μSPE process. Triclosan (TCS) is an emerging environmental pollutant chosen as a target analyte to examine the extraction capacity and feasibility of GNSs as a sorbent material for PT-μSPE. Parameters affecting the extraction capability were systematically evaluated and thoroughly optimized. At optimized experimental parameters, excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9979) was achieved over the concentration range of 2-250 ng mL-1 for TCS, with a detection limit of 0.5 ng mL-1. Applicability of the presented method was examined with real water samples, and extraction recoveries obtained were ranged between 94.6-102.4% with RSD less than 7.8%. The presented protocol is a simple, semi-automated, eco-friendly, low-cost, and efficient sample pretreatment technique for quick analysis of TCS in environmental wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Arul Pundi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Covalent organic framework Schiff base network-1-based pipette tip solid phase extraction of sulfonamides from milk and honey. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461665. [PMID: 33181355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a covalent organic framework Schiff base network-1 (SNW-1), was synthesized based on the Schiff base reaction between terephthalaldehyde and melamine and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analyses. The prepared SNW-1 was employed as pipette tip solid phase extraction adsorbent for the extraction of sulfonamides (SAs) prior to high performance liquid chromatography analysis. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including the salt concentration, sample pH, amount of adsorbent, and types and volume of eluent were investigated in detail. Good linearities were obtained between the peak area and SAs concentration ranging from 5 to 500 ng mL-1 with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.9998. The limits of detection and RSDs were lower than 0.25 ng mL-1 and 1.9 %, respectively. The developed method was further applied for the determination of SAs in milk and honey samples with recoveries in the range of 85.8 % - 118.0 % and RSDs less than 9.5 %. The results demonstrate that the SNW-1 shows great potential for the enrichment of trace SAs in complex matrices.
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4
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Seidi S, Tajik M, Baharfar M, Rezazadeh M. Micro solid-phase extraction (pipette tip and spin column) and thin film solid-phase microextraction: Miniaturized concepts for chromatographic analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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5
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Jeong SH, Jang JH, Lee YB. A novel and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method to determine mequitazine in rat plasma and urine: Validation and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4627. [PMID: 31222787 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method to determine mequitazine in rat plasma and urine. Mequitazine was separated by UPLC-MS/MS equipped with a Kinetex core-shell C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) using 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as a mobile phase by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Quantitation of this analysis was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer employing electrospray ionization technique operating in multiple reaction monitoring positive ion mode. Mass transitions were m/z 323.3 → 83.1 for mequitazine and 281.3 → 86.3 for imipramine as internal standard. Liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and protein precipitation with methanol were used for sample extraction. Chromatograms showed that the method had high resolution, sensitivity and selectivity without interference from plasma constituents. Calibration curves for mequitazine in rat plasma and urine were 0.02-200 ng/mL, showing excellent linearity with correlation coefficients (r2 ) >0.99. Both intra- and inter-day precisions (CV%) were within 4.08% for rat plasma and urine. The accuracies were 99.58-102.03%. The developed analytical method satisfied the criteria of international guidance. It could be successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of mequitazine after oral and intravenous administration to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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6
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Three-dimensional ionic liquid-ferrite functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite for pipette-tip solid phase extraction of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human blood sample. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1552:1-9. [PMID: 29673765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitously found in the environment and have been proved to be prospectively associated with the risk of cancer. In this study, a simple method based on pipette-tip solid phase extraction (PT-SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been firstly developed for the determination of 16 PAHs in human whole blood. Three-dimensional ionic liquid-ferrite functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite (3D-IL-Fe3O4-GO) was used as sorbent in PT-SPE. Compared with conventional SPE method, the PT-SPE method was solvent-saving (1.0 mL), reusable (at least 10 times) and required less blood sample (200 μL). Affecting parameters on extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, a good linearity was obtained and the recoveries of 16 PAHs at three spiked levels ranged from 85.0% to 115%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 0.007-0.013 μg/L. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of 16 PAHs in 14 human blood samples. The results showed that the predominant PAHs in human whole blood was low-molecular-weight PAHs, with the rank order phenanthrene (PHE)> naphthalene (NAP)> fluorene (FLU)> fluoranthene (FLT)> pyrene (PYR). Because of its simplicity, accuracy and reliability, the PT-SPE method combined with GC-MS demonstrated the applicability for clinical analysis and provided more information for PAHs exposure studies.
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7
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Rezaei Kahkha MR, Daliran S, Oveisi AR, Kaykhaii M, Sepehri Z. The Mesoporous Porphyrinic Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework for Pipette-Tip Solid-Phase Extraction of Mercury from Fish Samples Followed by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Luo YB, Chen XJ, Zhang HF, Jiang XY, Li X, Li XY, Zhu FP, Pang YQ, Hou HW. Simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke using in-pipette-tip solid-phase extraction and on-line gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1460:16-23. [PMID: 27435688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a silica/primary secondary amine (SiO2/PSA) was used as an in-pipette-tip solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for the simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) in mainstream cigarette smoke (MSS). We investigated several parameters including an extraction procedure of total particulate matter, type and amount of sorbent and on-line gel permeation chromatography parameters to obtain optimum conditions for a new strategy to target analytes. Under the optimized conditions, we developed a method for the simultaneous determination of PAHs and TSNAs in MSS by coupling in-pipette-tip SPE procedures to an on-line gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (on-line GPC-GC-MS(2)). Our method had limits of detection for target analytes ranging from 0.01 to 0.23ng/cig. Good linearities were obtained with coefficients of determination (R(2)) greater than 0.9984 for all target analytes. Good reproducibility was obtained as intra- and inter-day precisions, and the relative standard deviations were less than 11.4 and 13.3%, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 77.1-108.6% at different concentrations for real samples. Compared to previous standard methods for the determination of PAHs and TSNAs in MSS, our method was highly effective, fast, and had low consumption of organic solvent and a high degree of automation. Finally, our method successfully analyzed PAHs and TSNAs in real samples, and no significant deviations were observed when compared to similar analysis using standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Luo
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong-Fei Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xing-Yi Jiang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feng-Peng Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Pang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hong-Wei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, No. 2 Fengyang Street, Zhengzhou High and New Technology Industries Development Zone, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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9
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Płotka-Wasylka J, Szczepańska N, de la Guardia M, Namieśnik J. Modern trends in solid phase extraction: New sorbent media. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Ahn SH, Maeng HJ. Quantification of mequitazine in human plasma by gas chromatography- quadrupole mass spectrometry and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:574-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hoon Ahn
- College of Pharmacy; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon 200-701 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Seoul National University; San 56-1, Shinlim-dong, Kwanak-gu Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; 191 Hambakmoei-ro, Yeonsu-gu Incheon 406-799 Republic of Korea
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11
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Yuan Y, Liang S, Yan H, Ma Z, Liu Y. Ionic liquid-molecularly imprinted polymers for pipette tip solid-phase extraction of (Z)-3-(chloromethylene)-6-flourothiochroman-4-one in urine. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1408:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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12
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Wang L, Wang M, Yan H, Yuan Y, Tian J. A new graphene oxide/polypyrrole foam material with pipette-tip solid-phase extraction for determination of three auxins in papaya juice. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1368:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Liu S, Yan H, Wang M, Wang L. Water-compatible molecularly imprinted microspheres in pipette tip solid-phase extraction for simultaneous determination of five fluoroquinolones in eggs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11974-11980. [PMID: 24229364 DOI: 10.1021/jf403759t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
New water-compatible molecularly imprinted microspheres were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using 3-(2-carboxyethylsulfanylthiocarbonyl-sulfanyl) propionic acid as a hydrophilic chain-transfer agent, and employed as the sorbent of pipet tip molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (PT-MISPE) for rapid extraction and screening of ofloxacin, pefloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin in eggs. In comparison to conventional SPE methods, the presented PT-MISPE showed special selectivity, easy operation, and accessible device without expensive SPE apparatus. The presented PT-MISPE method combined advantages of dummy molecularly imprinted polymers and pipet tip solid-phase extraction. The presented method was linear over a calibration range of 25-2500 μg/kg with the limits of detections of 0.53-1.07 μg/kg. Good recoveries (89.1-102.5%) were achieved with relative standard deviations of 2.6-4.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province & College of Pharmacy, Hebei University , Baoding, 071002, China
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14
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San Román I, Alonso ML, Bartolomé L, Galdames A, Goiti E, Ocejo M, Moragues M, Alonso RM, Vilas JL. Relevance study of bare and coated zero valent iron nanoparticles for lindane degradation from its by-product monitorization. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1324-1332. [PMID: 23972910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI) as well as polymer-stabilized nanoparticles were synthesized and used for lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) degradation in aqueous solution. To study the effectiveness of the different coated nanoparticles, simple and rapid analytical methods have been developed to measure and to detect lindane and its by-products. For the monitorization of lindane degradation solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used, while volatile by-products formation measurement was carried out by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by GC/MS. The SPE-GC/MS method provides low detection limits (0.2 μg L(-1)), high recovery (above 95%) and it is a valuable tool for kinetic studies of the degradation process for each polymer used, while HS-SPME-GC/MS has proved to be an effective tool for the extraction and evaluation of volatile degradation by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- I San Román
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Basque Country/EHU, Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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15
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Advances in monolithic materials for sample preparation in drug and pharmaceutical analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Applications of monolithic solid-phase extraction in chromatography-based clinical chemistry assays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3021-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Zhang HW, Li K, Liang ZX, Wang FY, Lu QW. Development of a monolithic polymer pipette for solid-phase extraction of liquiritigenin in rat plasma. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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A simple and reliable method for quantifying plasma concentrations of tetracyclic antidepressants using monolithic silica solid-phase extraction tips. Forensic Toxicol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-012-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Namera A, Nakamoto A, Saito T, Miyazaki S. Monolith as a new sample preparation material: Recent devices and applications. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:901-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Alwael H, Connolly D, Clarke P, Thompson R, Twamley B, O'Connor B, Paull B. Pipette-tip selective extraction of glycoproteins with lectin modified gold nano-particles on a polymer monolithic phase. Analyst 2011; 136:2619-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Porous monoliths: sorbents for miniaturized extraction in biological analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3345-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Kumazawa T, Hasegawa C, Lee XP, Sato K. New and unique methods of solid-phase extraction for use before instrumental analysis of xenobiotics in human specimens. Forensic Toxicol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-010-0097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Abdel-Moety EM, Ibrahim MA, Rezk MR. Photodegradation and photostability-indication of mequitazine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 74:740-745. [PMID: 19729339 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 07/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical behavior is investigated for mequitazine (MQ) illustrating possible mechanisms and photodegradation products formed. Accelerated photolysis is done for MQ under justified stress conditions by subjecting aqueous drug solutions to radiation for specified period of time. Synthesis of the main photodegradants, the sulfoxide, is achieved. Selective quantification of MQ, singly in bulk form, pharmaceutical formulations and/or in the presence of its photodegradants is demonstrated. The indication of stability has been undertaken under conditions likely to be expected at normal storage conditions using a simple colorimetric method based on oxidation of the intact phenothiazine drug by potassium iodate in acid medium to form a red colored product adequate for quantitative estimation of the studied drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat M Abdel-Moety
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy-Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, ET-11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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24
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Recent developments and applications of microextraction techniques in drug analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:339-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Hyötyläinen T. Critical evaluation of sample pretreatment techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:743-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hyötyläinen T, Riekkola ML. Sorbent- and liquid-phase microextraction techniques and membrane-assisted extraction in combination with gas chromatographic analysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 614:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Hasegawa C, Kumazawa T, Lee XP, Marumo A, Shinmen N, Seno H, Sato K. Pipette tip solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry for the determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human whole blood. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:563-70. [PMID: 17641881 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine and amphetamine were extracted from human whole blood samples using pipette tip solid-phase extraction (SPE) with MonoTip C(18) tips, on which C(18)-bonded monolithic silica gel was fixed. Human whole blood (0.1 mL) containing methamphetamine and amphetamine, with N-methylbenzylamine as an internal standard, was mixed with 0.4 mL of distilled water and 50 microL of 5 M sodium hydroxide solution. After centrifugation, the supernatant was extracted to the C(18) phase of the tip (pipette tip volume, 200 microL) by 25 repeated aspirating/dispensing cycles using a manual micropipettor. Analytes retained in the C(18) phase were eluted with methanol by five repeated aspirating/dispensing cycles. After derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride, analytes were measured by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring in the positive-ion electron impact mode. Recoveries of methamphetamine and amphetamine spiked into whole blood were more than 87.6 and 81.7%, respectively. Regression equations for methamphetamine and amphetamine showed excellent linearity in the range of 0.5-100 ng/0.1 mL. The limits of detection for methamphetamine and amphetamine were 0.15 and 0.11 ng/0.1 mL, respectively. Intra- and interday coefficients of variation for both stimulants were not greater than 9.6 and 13.8%, respectively. The determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in autopsy whole blood samples is presented, and was shown to validate the present methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Hasegawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Kumazawa T, Hasegawa C, Lee XP, Hara K, Seno H, Suzuki O, Sato K. Simultaneous determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human urine using pipette tip solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:602-7. [PMID: 17267160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine and amphetamine were extracted from human urine samples using pipette tip solid-phase extraction (SPE) with MonoTip C18 tips (pipette tip volume, 200 microl), in which C18-bonded monolithic silica gel was fixed. A sample of human urine (0.5 ml) containing methamphetamine, amphetamine, and N-methylbenzylamine as internal standard (IS), was mixed with 25 microl of 1M sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture was extracted into the C18 phase of the SPE tip by 25 repeated aspirating/dispensing cycles using a manual micropipettor. Analytes retained in the C18 phase were then eluted with methanol by five repeated aspirating/dispensing cycles. After derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride, analytes were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring in the positive-ion electron impact mode. Recoveries of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and IS spiked into urine were more than 82.9, 82.2, and 78.2%, respectively. Regression equations for methamphetamine and amphetamine showed excellent linearity in the range of 0.25-200 ng/0.5 ml. Limit of detection was 0.04 ng/0.5 ml for methamphetamine and 0.05 ng/0.5 ml for amphetamine. Intra- and inter-day coefficients of variations for both stimulants were not greater than 10.8%. The data obtained from actual determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in autopsy urine samples are also presented for validation of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kumazawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:689-700. [PMID: 17474104 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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