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Mohan JM, Dudala S, Amreen K, Javed A, Dubey SK, Goel S. Microfluidic Device Integrated With PDMS Microchannel and Unmodified ITO Glass Electrodes for Highly Sensitive, Specific, and Point-of-Care Detection of Copper and Mercury. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2023; 22:881-888. [PMID: 37022373 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2023.3241827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This work delves upon developing a two-layer plasma-bonded microfluidic device with a microchannel layer and electrodes for electroanalytical detection of heavy metal ions. The three-electrode system was realized on an ITO-glass slide by suitably etching the ITO layer with the help of CO2 laser. The microchannel layer was fabricated using a PDMS soft-lithography method wherein the mold created by maskless lithography. The optimized dimensions opted to develop a microfluidic device with length of 20 mm, width of 0.5 mm and gap of 1 mm. The device, with bare unmodified ITO electrodes, was tested to detect Cu and Hg by a portable potentiostat connected with a smartphone. The analytes were introduced in the microfluidic device with a peristaltic pump at an optimal flow rate of [Formula: see text]/min. The device exhibited sensitive electro-catalytic sensing of both the metals by achieving an oxidation peak at -0.4 V and 0.1 V for Cu and Hg respectively. Furthermore, square wave voltammetry (SWV) approach was used to analyze the scan rate effect and concentration effect. The device also used to simultaneously detect both the analytes. During simultaneous sensing of Hg and Cu, the linear range was observed between [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text], the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for Cu and Hg respectively. Further, no interference with other co-existing metal ions was found manifesting the specificity of the device to Cu and Hg. Finally, the device was successfully tested with real samples like tap water, lake water, and serum with remarkable recovery percentages. Such portable devices pave way for detecting various heavy metal ions in a point-of-care environment. The developed device can also be used for detection of other heavy metals like cadmium, lead, zinc etc., by modifying the working electrode with the various nanocomposites.
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Buyuktuncel E. Microchip Electrophoresis and Bioanalytical Applications. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180831100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microanalytical systems have aroused great interest because they can analyze extremely
small sample volumes, improve the rate and throughput of chemical and biochemical analysis in a way
that reduces costs. Microchip Electrophoresis (ME) represents an effective separation technique to perform
quick analytical separations of complex samples. It offers high resolution and significant peak
capacity. ME is used in many areas, including biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. It is established
the same working principles as Capillary Electrophoresis (CE). It is possible to perform electrophoresis
in a more direct and convenient way in a microchip. Since the electric field is the driving
force of the electrodes, there is no need for high pressure as in chromatography. The amount of the voltage
that is applied in some electrophoresis modes, e.g. Micelle Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC)
and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE), mainly determines separation efficiency. Therefore, it is
possible to apply a higher electric field along a considerably shorter separation channel, hence it is possible
to carry out ME much quicker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Buyuktuncel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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YANG MP, HUANG Z, XIE Y, YOU H. Development of Microchip Electrophoresis and Its Applications in Ion Detection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang M, Huang Z, You H. A plug-in electrophoresis microchip with PCB electrodes for contactless conductivity detection. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171687. [PMID: 29892366 PMCID: PMC5990721 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A plug-in electrophoresis microchip for large-scale use aimed at improving maintainability with low fabrication and maintenance costs is proposed in this paper. The plug-in microchip improves the maintainability of a device because the damaged microchannel layer can be changed without needing to cut off the circuit wires in the detection component. Obviously, the plug-in structure reduces waste compared with earlier microchips; at present the whole microchip has to be discarded, including the electrode layer and the microchannel layer. The fabrication cost was reduced as far as possible by adopting a steel template and printed circuit board electrodes that avoided the complex photolithography, metal deposition and sputtering processes. The detection performance of our microchip was assessed by electrophoresis experiments. The results showed an acceptable gradient and stable detection performance. The effect of the installation shift between the microchannel layer and the electrode layer brought about by the plug-in structure was also evaluated. The results indicated that, as long as the shift was controlled within a reasonable scope, its effect on the detection performance was acceptable. The plug-in microchip described in this paper represents a new train of thought for the large-scale use and design of portable instruments with electrophoresis microchips in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng Yang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, USTC, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, USTC, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui You
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Rudašová M, Masár M. Precise determination ofN-acetylcysteine in pharmaceuticals by microchip electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:433-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marína Rudašová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Marián Masár
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovakia
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de Araujo WR, Maldaner AO, Costa JL, Paixão TR. Development of an electroanalytical method for the quantification of aminopyrine in seized cocaine samples. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sun D, Lu J, Chen Z. Microfluidic contactless conductivity cytometer for electrical cell sensing and counting. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08371k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated and cost-effective microfluidic contactless conductivity cytometer for cell sensing and counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanping Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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Zhang B, Li Y, He Q, Qin J, Yu Y, Li X, Zhang L, Yao M, Liu J, Chen Z. Microfluidic platform integrated with worm-counting setup for assessing manganese toxicity. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:054110. [PMID: 25538805 PMCID: PMC4222280 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We reported a new microfluidic system integrated with worm responders for evaluating the environmental manganese toxicity. The micro device consists of worm loading units, worm observing chambers, and a radial concentration gradient generator (CGG). Eight T-shape worm loading units of the micro device were used to load the exact number of worms into the corresponding eight chambers with the assistance of worm responders and doorsills. The worm responder, as a key component, was employed for performing automated worm-counting assay through electric impedance sensing. This label-free and non-invasive worm-counting technique was applied to the microsystem for the first time. In addition, the disk-shaped CGG can generate a range of stepwise concentrations of the appointed chemical automatically and simultaneously. Due to the scalable architecture of radial CGG, it has the potential to increase the throughput of the assay. Dopaminergic (DAergic) neurotoxicity of manganese on C. elegans was quantitatively assessed via the observation of green fluorescence protein-tagged DAergic neurons of the strain BZ555 on-chip. In addition, oxidative stress triggered by manganese was evaluated by the quantitative fluorescence intensity of the strain CL2166. By scoring the survival ratio and stroke frequency of worms, we characterized the dose- and time-dependent mobility defects of the manganese-exposed worms. Furthermore, we applied the microsystem to investigate the effect of natural antioxidants to protect manganese-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yinbao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou, JiangXi 341000, China
| | - Qidi He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Junshan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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Zhai H, Li J, Chen Z, Su Z, Liu Z, Yu X. A glass/PDMS electrophoresis microchip embedded with molecular imprinting SPE monolith for contactless conductivity detection. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Song Z, Xu Y, Chen Z, Yang J, Li X, Zhang Z. Quantification of lactate in synovia by microchip with contactless conductivity detection. Anal Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shen D, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Kang Q. Determination of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis with differential resonant contactless conductivity detector. Talanta 2013; 104:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kubáň P, Hauser PC. Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques: Developments from 2010 to 2012. Electrophoresis 2012; 34:55-69. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Basel; Switzerland
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Mark JJP, Scholz R, Matysik FM. Electrochemical methods in conjunction with capillary and microchip electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:45-64. [PMID: 22824222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electromigrative techniques such as capillary and microchip electrophoresis (CE and MCE) are inherently associated with various electrochemical phenomena. The electrolytic processes occurring in the buffer reservoirs have to be considered for a proper design of miniaturized electrophoretic systems and a suitable selection of buffer composition. In addition, the control of the electroosmotic flow plays a crucial role for the optimization of CE/MCE separations. Electroanalytical methods have significant importance in the field of detection in conjunction with CE/MCE. At present, amperometric detection and contactless conductivity detection are the predominating electrochemical detection methods for CE/MCE. This paper reviews the most recent trends in the field of electrochemical detection coupled to CE/MCE. The emphasis is on methodical developments and new applications that have been published over the past five years. A rather new way for the implementation of electrochemical methods into CE systems is the concept of electrochemically assisted injection which involves the electrochemical conversions of analytes during the injection step. This approach is particularly attractive in hyphenation to mass spectrometry (MS) as it widens the range of CE-MS applications. An overview of recent developments of electrochemically assisted injection coupled to CE is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J P Mark
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Elbashir AA, Aboul-Enein HY. Recent advances in applications of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C⁴D): an update. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:990-1000. [PMID: 22430262 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis with a capacitively contactless conductivity detector (CE-C⁴D) is becoming a significant useful technique for the analysis of analytes in various fields such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, food and environmental. This review is an update describing the recent developments in the application of CE with a C⁴D detector.
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