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Garsed R, Vázquez L, Casero E, Petit-Domínguez MD, Quintana C, Del Pozo M. 2D-ReS 2 & diamond nanoparticles-based sensor for the simultaneous determination of sunset yellow and tartrazine in a multiple-pulse amperometry FIA system. Talanta 2023; 265:124842. [PMID: 37393712 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a flow injection system with a multiple pulse amperometric detection (FIA-MPA)-based methodology for the simultaneous analysis of sunset yellow and tartrazine. As transducer, we have developed a novel electrochemical sensor based on the synergistic effect of ReS2 nanosheets and diamond nanoparticles (DNPs). Among several transition dichalcogenides for the sensor development, we have selected ReS2 nanosheets since it yields a better response towards both colourants. Scanning probe microscopy characterization shows that the surface sensor is composed by scattered and stacked ReS2 flakes and large aggregates of DNPs. With this system, the gap between the oxidation potential values of sunset yellow and tartrazine is wide enough to allow the simultaneous determination of both dyes. Under the optimum potential pulse conditions (0.8 and 1.2 V) during 250 ms, a flow rate of 3 mL/min and a volume injection of 250 μL, detection limits of 3.51 × 10-7 M and 2.39 × 10-7 M for sunset yellow and tartrazine, respectively, were obtained. This method exhibits good accuracy and precision with Er minor than 13% and RSD lower than 8% with a sampling frequency of 66 samples per hour. Pineapple jelly samples were analyzed by the standard addition method, obtaining 53.7 mg/kg and 29.0 mg/kg of sunset yellow and tartrazine, respectively. From the analysis of fortified samples, recoveries of 94% and 105% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Garsed
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Campus de Excelencia de La Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Campus de Excelencia de La Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Sor Juana Inés de La Cruz Nº3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Casero
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Campus de Excelencia de La Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Dolores Petit-Domínguez
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Campus de Excelencia de La Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Quintana
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Campus de Excelencia de La Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Pozo
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Campus de Excelencia de La Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Güneş M, Karakaya S, Dilgin Y. Highly Sensitive Square Wave Voltammetric Determination of Sunset Yellow at a functionalized‐MWCNTs/poly(Alizarin Red‐S) Composite Modified Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Askari T, Mohseni-Shahri FS, Verdian A. Design of a Liquid Crystal-Based Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Sunset Yellow. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Wu S, Yin ZZ, Chen X, Wang X, Wu D, Kong Y. Electropolymerized melamine for simultaneous determination of nitrite and tartrazine. Food Chem 2020; 333:127532. [PMID: 32668396 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Poly(melamine) (PMel) was synthesized via the electropolymerization of melamine monomer, which was then characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The possible polymerization mechanisms of melamine were also revealed by FT-IR spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Next, the PMel modified GCE (PMel/GCE) was used for the simultaneous determination of nitrite (NO2-) and tartrazine, and the parameters were optimized. The kinetic study showed that the electrochemical oxidation of nitrite and tartrazine at the surface of PMel/GCE is a typical surface-controlled electrode process. Under the optimun conditions, the developed sensor outperformed those previously reported, and it also exhibited high selectivity and reproducibility. Finally, the PMel/GCE was used for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and tartrazine in foodstuffs, and the results indicated that the proposed sensor could be a promising candidate for accurate determination of nitrite and tartrazine in real food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Yin
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Research Center of Resources and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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Sarakhman O, Švorc Ľ. A Review on Recent Advances in the Applications of Boron-Doped Diamond Electrochemical Sensors in Food Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:791-813. [PMID: 33028086 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1828028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The usage of boron-doped diamond (BDD) material has found to be very attractive in modern electroanalytical methods and received massive consideration as perspective electrochemical sensor due to its outstanding (electro)chemical properties. These generally known facilities include large potential window, low background currents, ability to withstand extreme potentials and strong tendency to resist fouling compared to conventional carbon-based electrodes. As evidence of superiority of this material, couple of reviews describing the overview of various applications of BDD electrodes in the field of analytical and material chemistry has been reported in scientific literature during last decade. However, herein proposed review predominantly focuses on the most recent developments (from 2009 to 2020) dealing with the application of BDD as an advanced and environmental-friendly sensor platform in food analysis. The main method characteristics of analysis of various organic food components with different chemical properties, including additives, flavor and aroma components, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and pesticides in food matrices are described in more details. The importance of BDD surface termination, presence of sp2 content and boron doping level on electrochemical sensing is discussed. Apart from this, a special attention is paid to the evaluation of main analytical characteristics of the BDD electrochemical sensor in single- and multi-analyte detection mode in food analysis. The recent achievements in the utilizing of BDD electrodes in amperometric detection coupled to flow injection analysis, batch injection analysis, and high-performance liquid chromatography are also commented. Moreover, actual trends in sample preparation techniques prior to electrochemical sensing in food analysis are referred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Sarakhman
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Švorc
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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6
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Silva EF, Tanaka AA, Fernandes RN, Munoz RAA, da Silva IS. Batch injection analysis with electrochemical detection for the simultaneous determination of the diuretics furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide in synthetic urine and pharmaceutical samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Nogueira FDS, Araujo FM, De Faria LV, Lisboa TP, Azevedo GC, Dornellas RM, Matos MAC, Matos RC. Simultaneous determination of strobilurin fungicides residues in bean samples by HPLC-UV-AD using boron-doped diamond electrode. Talanta 2020; 216:120957. [PMID: 32456891 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was the development of a method for the determination of six strobilurins (fungicides) using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode with amperometric detection (AD) homemade coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/UV-Vis). HPLC separation of fungicides was performed in a C18 reverse phase column using both UV and AD detectors at 200 mn and 1.9 V, respectively. The linear range for each strobilurin was from 5 to 15 mg L-1 and the correlation coefficients for all the compounds were above 0.997. Both detectors presented adequate detectability (LOD ranging from 1.33 to 1.57 μg kg-1) respecting the limits pre-established by regulatory agencies. The method was validated presenting good values of recovery and accuracy. In the spiked samples the recoveries ranged from 61.6% (trifloxystrobin) to 98.8% (azoxystrobin) for UV and 62.3% (trifloxystrobin) to 95.2% (azoxystrobin) for AD. In blanks spikes the recovery varied from 77.8% (picoxystrobin) to 88.4% (kresoxim-methyl) for UV and 76.7% (picoxystrobin) to 87.1% (dimoxystrobin) for AD. The method showed good precision (RSD < 10%). The results obtained by amperometric and UV detections were statistically comparable. Seven bean samples were analyzed to detect fungicide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda da Silva Nogueira
- NUPIS (Núcleo de Pesquisa em Instrumentação e Separações Analíticas), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Fausto Moreira Araujo
- NUPIS (Núcleo de Pesquisa em Instrumentação e Separações Analíticas), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Vinícius De Faria
- NUPIS (Núcleo de Pesquisa em Instrumentação e Separações Analíticas), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Thalles Pedrosa Lisboa
- NUPIS (Núcleo de Pesquisa em Instrumentação e Separações Analíticas), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Chevitarese Azevedo
- NUPIS (Núcleo de Pesquisa em Instrumentação e Separações Analíticas), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Machado Dornellas
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Costa Matos
- NUPIS (Núcleo de Pesquisa em Instrumentação e Separações Analíticas), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Renato Camargo Matos
- NUPIS (Núcleo de Pesquisa em Instrumentação e Separações Analíticas), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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8
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Deroco PB, Medeiros RA, Rocha‐Filho RC, Fatibello‐Filho O. Simple Flow Injection Analysis System Coupled to Multiple‐Pulse Amperometry and a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Sunset Yellow and Aspartame. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia B. Deroco
- Department of ChemistryUniversidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) C.P. 676 13560-970 São Carlos – SP Brazil
| | - Roberta A. Medeiros
- Department of ChemistryUniversidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) C.P. 6001 86051-990 Londrina – PR Brazil
| | - Romeu C. Rocha‐Filho
- Department of ChemistryUniversidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) C.P. 676 13560-970 São Carlos – SP Brazil
| | - Orlando Fatibello‐Filho
- Department of ChemistryUniversidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) C.P. 676 13560-970 São Carlos – SP Brazil
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9
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Lourencao BC, Brocenschi RF, Medeiros RA, Fatibello‐Filho O, Rocha‐Filho RC. Analytical Applications of Electrochemically Pretreated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C. Lourencao
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) C.P. 676 13560-970 São Carlos – SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo F. Brocenschi
- Centro de Estudos do Mar Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) C.P. 61 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná – PR Brazil
| | - Roberta A. Medeiros
- Departamento de Química Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) C.P. 10.011 86057-970 Londrina – PR Brazil
| | - Orlando Fatibello‐Filho
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) C.P. 676 13560-970 São Carlos – SP Brazil
| | - Romeu C. Rocha‐Filho
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) C.P. 676 13560-970 São Carlos – SP Brazil
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10
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Tahtaisleyen S, Gorduk O, Sahin Y. Electrochemical Determination of Tartrazine Using a Graphene/Poly(L-Phenylalanine) Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1716242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selen Tahtaisleyen
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Gorduk
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Ntrallou K, Gika H, Tsochatzis E. Analytical and Sample Preparation Techniques for the Determination of Food Colorants in Food Matrices. Foods 2020; 9:E58. [PMID: 31936025 PMCID: PMC7022967 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Color additives are widely used by the food industry to enhance the appearance, as well as the nutritional properties of a food product. However, some of these substances may pose a potential risk to human health, especially if they are consumed excessively and are regulated, giving great importance to their determination. Several matrix-dependent methods have been developed and applied to determine food colorants, by employing different analytical techniques along with appropriate sample preparation protocols. Major techniques applied for their determination are chromatography with spectophotometricdetectors and spectrophotometry, while sample preparation procedures greatly depend on the food matrix. In this review these methods are presented, covering the advancements of existing methodologies applied over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Ntrallou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Helen Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- BIOMIC AUTH Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Innovation Area of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Tsochatzis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- BIOMIC AUTH Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Innovation Area of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
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12
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Dubenska L, Dmukhailo A, Tvorynska S, Rydchuk P, Dubenska L. Synthetic Food Dyes – Some Aspects Of Use And Methods Of Determination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.17721/moca.2020.5-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Color is one of the key ingredients for increasing the appetizing of food, so food dyes have become firmly established in food production technologies. However, with the acquisition of toxicity data of synthetic food dyes (SFD), there were restrictions and standards for their content in food have emerged. Numerous papers published in recent years demonstrate the importance of the problem of the use and definition of SFD. The review contains over 180 literary references in the field of usage and methods of determination of synthetic food dyes, among them regulatory documents (regulations), official internet resources of international and Ukrainian organizations, review articles and original works. Varieties of chromatography, enzyme-linked immunoassay, optical and electrochemical methods are used to identify and determine SFD. Special attention was paid to voltammetry (VA) as a method that is cheaper than chromatography and completely satisfies selectivity, sensitivity, reliability requirements and is compatible with the concept of green analytical chemistry, as it doesn't need organic solvents. Moreover, single sweep voltammetry can be considered as a screening method with low limits of determination and rapid respons
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13
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Němečková-Makrlíková A, Navrátil T, Barek J, Štenclová P, Kromka A, Vyskočil V. Determination of tumour biomarkers homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid using flow injection analysis with amperometric detection at a boron doped diamond electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1087:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Sun SC, Hsieh BC, Chuang MC. Electropolymerised-hemin-catalysed reduction and analysis of tartrazine and sunset yellow. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Baluchová S, Daňhel A, Dejmková H, Ostatná V, Fojta M, Schwarzová-Pecková K. Recent progress in the applications of boron doped diamond electrodes in electroanalysis of organic compounds and biomolecules – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1077:30-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Islam MA, Atia MA, Macka M, Paull B, Mahbub P. Electrochemical characterisation of nanoparticulate zirconium dioxide-on-gold electrode for electrochemical detection in flow-based analytical systems. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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17
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Dudkina A, Volgina T, Saranchina N, Gavrilenko N, Gavrilenko M. Colorimetric determination of food colourants using solid phase extraction into polymethacrylate matrix. Talanta 2019; 202:186-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Freitas JM, Oliveira TDC, Munoz RAA, Richter EM. Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes in Flow-Based Systems. Front Chem 2019; 7:190. [PMID: 31024886 PMCID: PMC6463006 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes present several notable properties, such as the largest potential window of all electrode materials (especially in anodic potentials), low background and capacitive currents, reduced fouling compared to other electrodes, mechanical robustness, and good stability over time. On the other hand, flow-based systems are known as well-established approaches to minimize reagent consumption and waste generation and with good compromise between sample throughput and analytical performance (mechanization of chemical assays). This review focuses on the use of BDD electrodes for electrochemical detection in flow systems, such as flow injection analysis (FIA), batch injection analysis (BIA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The discussion deals with the historical evolution of BDD, types of electrochemical pre-treatments (cathodically/H-terminated or anodically/O-terminated), cell configurations, and analytical performance. Articles are discussed in chronological order and subdivided according to the type of flow system: FIA, BIA, HPLC, and CE.
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19
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Prospects of pulsed amperometric detection in flow-based analytical systems - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1052:10-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Sierra‐Rosales P, Toledo‐Neira C, Ortúzar‐Salazar P, Squella JA. MWCNT‐modified Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Allura Red and Brilliant Blue FCF in Isotonic Sport Drinks. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sierra‐Rosales
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la InvestigaciónDesarrollo e InnovaciónUniversidad Tecnológica Metropolitana Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O Box 8940577, San Joaquín Santiago Chile
| | - Carla Toledo‐Neira
- Departamento de Química de los MaterialesFacultad de Química y BiologíaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 917002, Estación Central Santiago Chile
| | - Pía Ortúzar‐Salazar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y FisicoquímicaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad de Chile 8380492, Independencia Santiago Chile
| | - Juan Arturo Squella
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y FisicoquímicaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad de Chile 8380492, Independencia Santiago Chile
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21
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Simultaneous determination of sinapic acid and tyrosol by flow-injection analysis with multiple-pulse amperometric detection. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Karimi MA, Aghaei VH, Nezhadali A, Ajami N. Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a New Sensitive Material for Electrochemical Determination of Trace Amounts of Tartrazine in Food Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Veerakumar P, Rajkumar C, Chen SM, Thirumalraj B, Lin KC. Activated porous carbon supported rhenium composites as electrode materials for electrocatalytic and supercapacitor applications. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Barbosa Lima A, Ferreira LF, Barbosa SL, de Souza Gil E, Amorim Bezerra da Silva R, Pio dos Santos WT. Selective Determination of Verapamil in Pharmaceutics and Urine Using a Boron-doped Diamond Electrode Coupled to Flow Injection Analysis with Multiple-pulse Amperometric Detection. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Barbosa Lima
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri; Rodovia MGT 367, km 583, 5000 Alto da Jacuba 39100-000, Diamantina-MG Brazil
| | - Lucas Franco Ferreira
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica e Nanotecnologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri; Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, 5000 Alto da Jacuba 39100-000, Diamantina, MG Brazil
| | - Sandro Luiz Barbosa
- Departamento de Farmácia; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri; Rodovia MGT 367, km 583, 5000 Alto da Jacuba 39100-000, Diamantina-MG Brazil
| | - Eric de Souza Gil
- Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Av. Universitária s/n 74605-220 Goiânia-GO Brazil
| | | | - Wallans Torres Pio dos Santos
- Departamento de Farmácia; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri; Rodovia MGT 367, km 583, 5000 Alto da Jacuba 39100-000, Diamantina-MG Brazil
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Bavol D, Economou A, Zima J, Barek J, Dejmkova H. Simultaneous determination of tert-butylhydroquinone, propyl gallate, and butylated hydroxyanisole by flow-injection analysis with multiple-pulse amperometric detection. Talanta 2018; 178:231-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lima AB, de Oliveira FM, Guedes TDJ, Sousa RM, Munoz RA, dos Santos WT. Altered electrochemistry of oxcarbazepine on cathodically treated boron-doped diamond electrode: Selective detection by pulsed amperometric detection coupled to flow-injection analysis. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Label-Free Fluorescent Determination of Sunset Yellow in Soft Drinks Based on an Indicator-Displacement Assay. J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/6302345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reported a fluorescence sensing platform for Sunset Yellow (SY) determination based on competitive host-guest interaction between cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and signal probe/target molecules. Luteolin/epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and SY were selected as the probe and target molecules, respectively. When luteolin or EGCG entered the CB7 host, its fluorescence significantly improved. However, upon the presence of SY in the performed luteolin·CB7 or EGCG·CB7 complex, this led to a remarkable decrease in fluorescence. This result was due to the fact that the binding constant of CB7/SY (4.9×104 M−1) was greater than that of CB7/luteolin (3.2×103 M−1) or CB7/EGCG (4.8×103 M−1). The fluorescence intensities of CB7/luteolin and CB7/EGCG complexes decreased linearly with increased SY concentration ranges of 0.5–50.0 and 2.0–50.0 μM. The proposed method had detection limits of 0.12 and 0.45 μM and was successfully used to determine SY samples with good recoveries ranging from 96.3% to 103.8%. This competitive mode provided a promising fluorescence assay strategy for potential applications in food safety.
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Lipskikh O, Korotkova E, Khristunova Y, Barek J, Kratochvil B. Sensors for voltammetric determination of food azo dyes - A critical review. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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29
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Lipskikh OI, Nikolaeva AA, Korotkova EI. Voltammetric determination of Tartrazine in food. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Oplatowska-Stachowiak M, Elliott CT. Food colors: Existing and emerging food safety concerns. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:524-548. [PMID: 25849411 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.889652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Food colors are added to different types of commodities to increase their visual attractiveness or to compensate for natural color variations. The use of these additives is strictly regulated in the European Union, the United States, and many other countries worldwide. There is a growing concern about the safety of some commonly used legal food colorants and there is a trend to replace the synthetic forms with natural products. Additionally, a number of dyes with known or suspected genotoxic or carcinogenic properties have been shown to be added illegally to foods. Robust monitoring programs based on reliable detection methods are required to assure the food is free from harmful colors. The aim of this review is to present an up to date status of the various concerns arising from use of color additives in food. The most important food safety concerns in the field of food colors are lack of uniform regulation concerning legal food colors worldwide, possible link of artificial colors to hyperactive behavior, replacement of synthetic colors with natural ones, and the presence of harmful illegal dyes-both known but also new, emerging ones in food. The legal status of food color additives in the EU, United States, and worldwide is summarized. The reported negative health effects of both legal and illegal colors are presented. The European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed notifications and US import alerts concerning food colors are analyzed and trends in fraudulent use of color additives identified. The detection methods for synthetic colors are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- a Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , United Kingdom
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31
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Shiralipour R, Larki A. Pre-concentration and determination of tartrazine dye from aqueous solutions using modified cellulose nanosponges. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:123-129. [PMID: 27723464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new absorbent based on cellulose nanosponges modified with methyltrioctylammonium chloride (aliquat 336) was prepared and used for pre-concentration, removal and determination of tartrazine dye, using UV-vis spectrophotometry. This adsorbent was fully characterized using various instrumental techniques such as SEM, FTIR and XRD spectra. The pre-concentration and removal procedures were studied in column and batch modes, respectively. The effects of parameters such as pH of the aqueous medium, methyltrioctylammounium chloride dose, adsorbent amount, desorbing conditions and interfering ions on the adsorption of tartrazine were investigated and optimized. The fitting experimental data with conventional isotherm models revealed that the adsorption followed the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model and the maximum adsorption capacity for tartrazine was 180mg/g with modified nanosponges. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear over the range of 2-300ng/mL and the limit of detection was 0.15ng/mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for 20 and 100ng/mL of tartrazine were 3.1% and 1.5%, respectively. The proposed method was applied for pre-concentration and determination of tartrazine dye in different water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Shiralipour
- Food and Drug Safety Evaluation Research Center of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arash Larki
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science & Marine Science Research Institute, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran.
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Rovina K, Prabakaran PP, Siddiquee S, Shaarani SM. Methods for the analysis of Sunset Yellow FCF (E110) in food and beverage products- a review. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martins N, Roriz CL, Morales P, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Food colorants: Challenges, opportunities and current desires of agro-industries to ensure consumer expectations and regulatory practices. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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34
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Determination of Sunset Yellow using a carbon paste electrode modified with a nanostructured resorcinol-formaldehyde resin. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Arvand M, Parhizi Y, Mirfathi SH. Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Synthetic Colorants in Foods Using a Magnetic Core–Shell Fe3O4@SiO2/MWCNTs Nanocomposite Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Chaves SC, Aguiar PNC, Torres LMFC, Gil ES, Luz RCS, Damos FS, Munoz RAA, Richter EM, dos Santos WTP. Simultaneous Determination of Caffeine, Ibuprofen, and Paracetamol by Flow-injection Analysis with Multiple-pulse Amperometric Detection on Boron-doped Diamond Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Yang YJ, Li W. CTAB functionalized graphene oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite modified electrode for the simultaneous determination of sunset yellow and tartrazine. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193515030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Gomes SMC, Fernandes IPG, Shekhawat NS, Kumbhat S, Oliveira‐Brett AM. Calligonum polygonoides
Linnaeus Extract: HPLC‐EC and Total Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. C. Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004‐535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sunita Kumbhat
- Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas (J.N.V.) University, Jodhpur‐342033, India
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Mahé E, Devilliers D, Dardoize F. Boron doped diamond microelectrodes arrays for electrochemical detection in HPLC. Talanta 2015; 132:641-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Electrochemical determination of tartrazine using a molecularly imprinted polymer – multiwalled carbon nanotubes - ionic liquid supported Pt nanoparticles composite film coated electrode. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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41
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The analysis of estrogenic compounds by flow injection analysis with amperometric detection using a boron-doped diamond electrode. Talanta 2014; 126:12-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Zhang Y, Zhou H, Wang Y, Wu X, Zhao Y. Simultaneous Determination of Seven Synthetic Colorants in Wine by Dispersive Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:210-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Chao M, Ma X. Convenient Electrochemical Determination of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine in Food Samples Using a Poly(L-Phenylalanine)-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Tang B, Xi C, Zou Y, Wang G, Li X, Zhang L, Chen D, Zhang J. Simultaneous determination of 16 synthetic colorants in hotpot condiment by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 960:87-91. [PMID: 24792532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simultaneous determination method for 16 synthetic colorants in hotpot condiment was developed by high performance liquid chromatography. The samples were successively extracted with 2 mol/L carbamide solution containing 5% ammonia (dissolved in methanol) and methanol-acetone solution, and then the target analytes could be divided into two groups named as lipid-soluble and water-soluble colorants by ethyl acetate-cyclohexane with liquid-liquid extraction. The lipid-soluble and water-soluble colorants were purified by gel permeation chromatography and solid phase extraction column packed with polyamide resin, respectively. The obtained two eluates were combined, concentrated, and separated by C18 column and determined by diode array detector. Good linear relationships between peak areas and the concentrations of the synthetic colorants were obtained in the range of 0.01-50.0mg/L with correlation coefficients above 0.999 (n=10). The limits of detection and quantitation were 1-3 and 10 μg/kg for 16 synthetic colorants, respectively. The average recoveries at the spiked levels of 5, 10, 20 and 50 μg/kg were in the range of 63.2-97.1% with relative standard deviations (n=6) around 1.5-10.6%. This method is sensitive and reliable, and can be used to simultaneously determine 8 lipid-soluble and 8 water-soluble colorants in hotpot condiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobin Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center of Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Cunxian Xi
- Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center of Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Chongqing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Guomin Wang
- Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center of Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center of Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center of Import and Export Food Safety, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Królicka A, Bobrowski A, Zarębski J, Tesarowicz I. Bismuth Film Electrodes for Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Sunset Yellow FCF in Soft Drinks. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Two new electrochemical methods for fast and simultaneous determination of codeine and diclofenac. Talanta 2013; 116:1026-32. [PMID: 24148511 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present two new electrochemical methods for fast and simultaneous determination of codeine (CO) and diclofenac (DCF). The first one is based on batch injection analysis with amperometric detection (BIA-MPA) and the second one is based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C(4)D). The proposed BIA-MPA method is highly-precise (RSD of 1.1% and 0.9% for DCF and CO, respectively; n=10), fast (300 injections h(-1)) and has low detection limits (1.1 and 1.0 µmol L(-1) for DCF and CO, respectively). The proposed CE-C(4)D method allows the determination of CO and DFC in less than 1 min with high precision (RSD of 0.3% and 0.7% for DCF and CO, respectively; n=10) and low detection limits (11 and 21 µmol L(-1) for DCF and CO, respectively). Both proposed methods were applied to the determination of CO and DCF in pharmaceutical samples with similar results to those achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at a 95% confidence level.
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47
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Square-wave voltammetric determination of bezafibrate in pharmaceutical formulations using a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode. Talanta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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48
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Carbon Nanotube–Ionic Liquid (CNT–IL) Nanocamposite Modified Sol-Gel Derived Carbon-Ceramic Electrode for Simultaneous Determination of Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine in Food Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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