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Otake T, Aoyagi Y, Yarita T. Assessment of the long-term stability of pesticide residues under freezing conditions in brown rice and soybean certified reference materials. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2024; 49:46-51. [PMID: 38450090 PMCID: PMC10912925 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d23-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the long-term stability of pesticide residues in brown rice and soybean. The long-term stability of pesticide residues in brown rice and soybean was assessed for 5415 days (over 14 years) and 1801 days (about 5 years), respectively. The samples-certified reference materials (CRMs) 7504-a (brown rice) and 7509-a (soybean) -were prepared by freeze-pulverization. Two target pesticides (etofenprox and fenitrothion) were selected for brown rice and four (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, fenitrothion, and permethrin) for soybean. Our analytical results for long-term stability based on highly reliable isotope dilution mass spectrometry were in the range of expanded uncertainty (k=2) for the certified values of each CRM. The concentration showed a decreasing trend in none of the target pesticides when the samples were stored at temperatures between -20 °C and -30 °C, which indicated that the target pesticides were stable for the tested long terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Otake
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Yoshie Aoyagi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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2
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Kounbach S, Laassiri S, Moutaoukil Z, Benzaouia A, Benhida R. Improvement of the characterization uncertainty of a matrix-certified reference material for accurate measurement of H 2SiF 6 mass fraction in industrial fluorosilicic acid by using a direct measurement procedure. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1865-1873. [PMID: 37418124 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of metrology in the industrial and manufacturing sectors is of paramount importance to ensure informed decision-making whether for product quality control, process monitoring and R&D activities. However, to guarantee the quality and reliability of analytical measurements, the development and use of appropriate reference materials (CRMs) is essential. In particular, certified reference materials (CRMs) are extensively used to validate analytical methods in a multitude of applications, measure uncertainty, improve the accuracy of measurement data, as well as to establish the meteorological traceability of analytical results. In this paper, we report the improvement of the characterization uncertainty of an in-house matrix reference material by direct determination of the concentration of fluorosilicic acid recovered from the fertilizers production industry. The certified reference material was characterized by the potentiometric method as a novel and direct approach for the determination of H2SiF6 concentration and the results were compared against a reference measurement procedure based on molecular absorption spectrophotometry (UV-VIS). The approach adopted in the work resulted in the improvement of the uncertainty of the CRM by decreasing the characterization uncertainty, which constitutes the major contribution to the overall uncertainty. The newly obtained characterization combined standard uncertainty was 2.0 g.kg-1, which gives an expanded uncertainty (k = 2 with a confidence interval of 95%) of the CRM of 6.3 g.kg-1 instead of 11.7 g.kg-1 reported in previous works. This improved CRM can be used to improve the uncertainty of the analytical methods used for the determination of H2SiF6 mass fraction and, therefore, to improve the accuracy of measurement data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Kounbach
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Green Process Engineering CBS, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR7272, Université Côte d'Azur, 06108, Nice, France.
| | - Said Laassiri
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Green Process Engineering CBS, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Moutaoukil
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Green Process Engineering CBS, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR7272, Université Côte d'Azur, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Abderrahim Benzaouia
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Green Process Engineering CBS, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR7272, Université Côte d'Azur, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Green Process Engineering CBS, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR7272, Université Côte d'Azur, 06108, Nice, France.
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3
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Thermochemical degradation investigation of pesticide residues in banana homogenate. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Development of a mutton powder certified reference material for the analysis of ractopamine. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bacchi M, Fernandes E, Mazola Y, Gonzaga C. Stability of sodium mass fraction in agricultural certified reference materials. TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Morales LV, Salinas AS, González IA, Holguin K, Sinuco DC, Díaz-Galiano FJ, Ahumada DA, Fernández-Alba AR. Development of Avocado Reference Material for Pesticide Residue Analysis. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1051-1059. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pesticide quantitation in foods relies on the availability of matrix reference materials, which, however, are scarce because of the general instability of pesticides. In particular, no avocado reference material has been developed.
Objective
This research aimed to develop a reference material to support the determination of pesticide residues in avocado.
Method
Avocado was spiked with 11 selected pesticides at levels of 0.01–0.35 mg/kg. The production process included the assessment of between-unit heterogeneity, stability during dispatch, and best storage conditions according to ISO 17034. Reference values were estimated through an interlaboratory comparison study involving laboratories of demonstrated competence and adhering to ISO/IEC 17025. The corresponding expanded uncertainties were calculated as 4–19% in compliance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement.
Results
The reference material was sufficiently homogeneous and stable at 4°C during the entire study period (365 days) for most of the pesticides, and at 40°C during 10 days, but it was unstable at 50 and 60°C during 10 days. Four pesticides showed downward trends; however, this behavior was considered in the uncertainty budget. As this material complied with all requirements of proficiency testing, it was used in an interlaboratory proficiency test designed to investigate analytical performance and assist laboratories in improving the quality of measurement results.
Conclusions
The presented material can be used for the development of novel analytical methods or in-house reference materials and adds to the scarce supply of reference materials for the determination of pesticides in vegetable matrixes with high oil contents and intermediate water contents.
Highlights
A novel reference material has been developed for the reliable and accurate quantitation of multiple pesticides in avocado, allowing researchers to avoid the preparation of in-house reference materials for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Metrología de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación en Metrología Química y Bioanálisis , Avenida Carrera 50, No. 26-55 , 11132 Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación en Metrología Química, LEA , Avenida Carrera 30 45-03 , 11132 Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Andrés S Salinas
- Instituto Nacional de Metrología de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación en Metrología Química y Bioanálisis , Avenida Carrera 50, No. 26-55 , 11132 Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ivonne A González
- Instituto Nacional de Metrología de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación en Metrología Química y Bioanálisis , Avenida Carrera 50, No. 26-55 , 11132 Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Katherin Holguin
- Instituto Nacional de Metrología de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación en Metrología Química y Bioanálisis , Avenida Carrera 50, No. 26-55 , 11132 Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Diana C Sinuco
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación en Metrología Química, LEA , Avenida Carrera 30 45-03 , 11132 Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Francisco J Díaz-Galiano
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, University of Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Diego A Ahumada
- Instituto Nacional de Metrología de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación en Metrología Química y Bioanálisis , Avenida Carrera 50, No. 26-55 , 11132 Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Amadeo R Fernández-Alba
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, University of Almería , 04120 Almería, Spain
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Otake T, Yarita T. Internationally harmonized certified reference materials and proficiency testings for pesticide residue analysis. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2021; 46:297-303. [PMID: 34566465 PMCID: PMC8422250 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.j21-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) and proficiency testings (PTs) are effective for evaluation of the quality of analytical results. The National Metrology Institute of Japan has developed five kinds of CRMs and has provided eight PTs so far for the quantification of pesticide residues in foods. Target pesticides were sprayed on growing crops, and the harvests were used for the preparation of CRMs and PT samples. In most cases, multiple analytical methods based on isotope dilution mass spectrometry were used to ensure the reliability of certified values (for CRMs) and reference values (for PT samples). These activities were carried out with corresponding to the international standards such as ISO 17034 and ISO/IEC 17043. An overview of the development of CRMs and the implementation of PTs is described, with some examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Otake
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1–1–1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8563, Japan
| | - Takashi Yarita
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3–21–1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300–0321, Japan
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Marques ID, Carriço MRS, Gayer MC, de Jesus Soares J, Roehrs R, Denardin ELG, Paim CS. Multiresidue Analytical Method for Pesticides in Soybean Extract. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:305-311. [PMID: 33429421 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Developed and validated a fast, simple and effective method based on the use of DLLME technique and determination by GC-MS of 26 pesticides in SE. To carry out the extraction of the pesticides of the matrix, 70 μL of mix of pesticides (1.5 μg/mL) was added to 5.0 mL of SE, containing 1.0 g of sodium chloride and 3.0 mL of acetonitrile. The results of validation were suitable. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.500-5.0 μg/mL. The method showed a limit of detection and quantification of 0.17 μg/mL and 0.50 μg/mL, respectively. The recovery recovering between 47% and 115%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of <20% for fortification levels (range of 1.0-3.0 μg/mL). The method validated can be applied for routine analysis in soy-based drinks, considering it is fast, easy to perform and has satisfactory validation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Dias Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Murilo Ricardo Sigal Carriço
- Curso de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Mateus Cristofari Gayer
- Curso de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Jefferson de Jesus Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Rafael Roehrs
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Elton Luis Gasparotto Denardin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Clésio Soldateli Paim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
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Hanari N, Orihara Y, Matsuyama S. Certified Reference Material for the Quantification of Phthalates in Polyvinyl Chloride Resin (NMIJ CRM 8152). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1822373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Hanari
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukari Orihara
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigetomo Matsuyama
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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10
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Yang M, Liu F, Wang M, Zhou J, Zhang L, Wang T. Development of a whole liquid egg certified reference material for accurate measurement of enrofloxacin residue. Food Chem 2020; 309:125253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Otake T, Yarita T, Aoyagi Y, Hanari N, Takatsu A. Proficiency testing by the National Metrology Institute of Japan for quantification of pesticide residues in grain samples from 2012 to 2018. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2019; 44:192-199. [PMID: 31576194 PMCID: PMC6753258 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d19-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
From 2012 to 2018, proficiency testings (PTs) were carried out to support the analytical skill development of participants. Grains were sprayed with various target pesticides and used as material samples for PTs. It was found that 27-56% and 10-43% of participants used the Japanese official multiresidue method and a solid-phase extraction technique with the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (modified QuEChERS, known as "STQ" in Japan) method, respectively. Reported results were evaluated using two types of z-scores: one was based on consensus values calculated from the analytical results reported by the participants, and the other was based on values obtained by the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ). Acceptable z-scores based on the consensus values and NMIJ reference values were achieved by 78-95% and 67-94% of the participants, respectively. Many laboratories improved their z-scores by continuing participation in our PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Otake
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1–1–1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8563, Japan
| | - Takashi Yarita
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1–1–1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8563, Japan
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3–21–1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300–0321, Japan
| | - Yoshie Aoyagi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1–1–1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8563, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Hanari
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1–1–1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8563, Japan
| | - Akiko Takatsu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1–1–1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8563, Japan
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Huertas-Pérez JF, Sejerøe-Olsen B, Gokcen T, Sandor F, Schimmel H, Dabrio M. Gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry method validation for target pesticides in soybeans. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:96-108. [PMID: 30543487 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1538571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The production of certified reference materials requires the application of highly accurate methods for characterisation. A gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry method, setting ambitious performance criteria, was developed for eight selected pesticides in soybeans. Pressurised liquid extraction was followed by automated gel-permeation chromatography and solid-phase extraction clean-up. Pesticides identification respected a Commission Decision and guidelines of the Directorate General for Health and Food Safety (DG SANTE). Reliable quantification involved stable isotopically labelled analogues as internal standards. Validation, according to ISO/IEC 17,025 and DG SANTE guidelines, assessed linearity, LOD/LOQ, trueness, selectivity, precision, stability and robustness. Mean recoveries ranges (83-109%, relative standard deviations < 3%), repeatability (2.2-4.8%), day-to-day variation (0.6-4.2%) and combined uncertainty (1.2-4.2%) were fit for purpose. The method is highly accurate and suitable for certification of the selected pesticides in soybean matrix reference material. Chemical compounds studied in this article: Diazinon (PubChem CID: 3017); malathion (PubChem CID: 4004); chlorpyrifos (PubChem CID: 2730); captan (PubChem CID: 8606); endosulfan (PubChem CID: 3224); tebuconazole (PubChem CID: 86,102); iprodione (PubChem CID: 37,517); cypermethrin (PubChem CID: 2912).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Sejerøe-Olsen
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - T Gokcen
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - F Sandor
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - H Schimmel
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - M Dabrio
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
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May MM, Ferronato G, Bandeira NMG, Prestes OD, Zanella R, Adaime MB. Determination of Pesticide Residues in Soy-Based Beverages Using a QuEChERS Method (with Clean-Up Optimized by Central Composite Design) and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Yarita T, Otake T, Aoyagi Y, Numata M, Takatsu A. Difference between Consensus Value of Participants' Results and Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometric Results in Proficiency Testing for Pesticide Residues in Husked Wheat. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:557-80. [PMID: 27169656 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proficiency testing was organized by the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) as a measure of analytical competency in the quantification of pesticide residues in husked wheat powder. Seventy-one participants submitted analytical concentrations of the target pesticides (diazinon, fenitrothion, malathion, and etofenprox) along with details of the analytical method employed. Two types of assigned values were obtained for each target pesticide, i.e., the participants' analytical results and the results obtained by NMIJ based on isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). The former values were lower than the latter due to the incomplete recovery yield of the target pesticides during the pretreatment process. The discrepancy between the two assigned values was particularly pronounced for malathion because of the longer duration of water-soaking used for the test samples. Two corresponding types of z-scores were then calculated to evaluate the analytical performance of the participants, where the z1-score indicates the performance of a participant relative to all participants, and the z2-score indicates the relative deviation of the analytical results of the participant from the IDMS value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yarita
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Yarita T, Aoyagi Y, Otake T. Evaluation of the impact of matrix effect on quantification of pesticides in foods by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using isotope-labeled internal standards. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1396:109-16. [PMID: 25892640 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the matrix effect in GC-MS quantification of pesticides in food using the corresponding isotope-labeled internal standards was evaluated. A spike-and-recovery study of nine target pesticides was first conducted using paste samples of corn, green soybean, carrot, and pumpkin. The observed analytical values using isotope-labeled internal standards were more accurate for most target pesticides than that obtained using the external calibration method, but were still biased from the spiked concentrations when a matrix-free calibration solution was used for calibration. The respective calibration curves for each target pesticide were also prepared using matrix-free calibration solutions and matrix-matched calibration solutions with blank soybean extract. The intensity ratio of the peaks of most target pesticides to that of the corresponding isotope-labeled internal standards was influenced by the presence of the matrix in the calibration solution; therefore, the observed slope varied. The ratio was also influenced by the type of injection method (splitless or on-column). These results indicated that matrix-matching of the calibration solution is required for very accurate quantification, even if isotope-labeled internal standards were used for calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yarita
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Aoyagi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Otake
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
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Development of a new cucumber reference material for pesticide residue analysis: feasibility study for material processing, homogeneity and stability assessment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3083-91. [PMID: 25627789 PMCID: PMC4383829 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of the production of a reference material for pesticide residue analysis in a cucumber matrix was investigated. Cucumber was spiked at 0.075 mg/kg with each of the 15 selected pesticides (acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, diazinon, (α + β)-endosulfan, fenitrothion, imazalil, imidacloprid, iprodione, malathion, methomyl, tebuconazole and thiabendazole) respectively. Three different strategies were considered for processing the material, based on the physicochemical properties of the vegetable and the target pesticides. As a result, a frozen spiked slurry of fresh cucumber, a spiked freeze-dried cucumber powder and a freeze-dried cucumber powder spiked by spraying the powder were studied. The effects of processing and aspects related to the reconstitution of the material were evaluated by monitoring the pesticide levels in the three materials. Two separate analytical methods based on LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS were developed and validated in-house. The spiked freeze-dried cucumber powder was selected as the most feasible material and more exhaustive studies on homogeneity and stability of the pesticide residues in the matrix were carried out. The results suggested that the between-unit homogeneity was satisfactory with a sample intake of dried material as low as 0.1 g. A 9-week isochronous stability study was undertaken at -20 °C, 4 °C and 18 °C, with -70 °C designated as the reference temperature. The pesticides tested exhibited adequate stability at -20 °C during the 9-week period as well as at -70 °C for a period of 18 months. These results constitute a good basis for the development of a new candidate reference material for selected pesticides in a cucumber matrix.
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Yarita T, Otake T, Aoyagi Y, Kuroiwa T, Numata M, Takatsu A. Proficiency testing for determination of pesticide residues in soybean: comparison of assigned values from participants' results and isotope-dilution mass spectrometric determination. Talanta 2015; 132:269-77. [PMID: 25476308 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proficiency testing (PT) for the determination of pesticide residues in soybean samples was organized by the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ). The candidate certified reference material, NMIJ CRM 7509-a, that was prepared from the raw soybeans containing target pesticides (diazinon, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, and permethrin) was used as the test sample. Forty participants submitted two sets of analytical results along with the details of the analytical method and conditions they applied. Two types of assigned values were established for each target pesticide: one was derived from the analytical results of the participants, and the other was provided from the analytical results by isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). The latter values were 7.4-16% higher than the former values, plausibly because the analytical values from the IDMS measurements were not affected by the recovery ratio of the target pesticides during the analytical process. Thus, two kinds of z-scores were calculated for individual participants using the corresponding assigned values: one (z1-score) showed the relative performance score for the present PT and the other (z2-score) could be used for evaluation of the trueness of their analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yarita
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan.
| | - Takamitsu Otake
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Yoshie Aoyagi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kuroiwa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Masahiko Numata
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
| | - Akiko Takatsu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 3, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563, Japan
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Siara L, de Lima F, Cardoso C, Arruda G. Electrochemically pretreated zeolite-modified carbon-paste electrodes for determination of linuron in an agricultural formulation and water. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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