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Yadoung S, Shimizu S, Hongsibsong S, Nakano K, Ishimatsu R. Dopamine as a polymerizable reagent for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using horseradish peroxidase. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21722. [PMID: 38027909 PMCID: PMC10654240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that dopamine can be used as a reagent for colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Dopamine was able to be polymerized in the presence of HRP and H2O2, and black polydopamine was obtained after the enzymatic reaction. Because of the black color, the absorbance was significantly changed in the whole range of the visible light region. Here, an indirect competitive ELISA based on the polymerization of dopamine was performed to detect a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, enrofloxacin. The antibiotic is commonly used in livestock farming. The anti-antibiotics antibody was produced from egg yolk from chicken hens. In the visible range, sufficient absorbance changes of ∼0.4∼0.5 and a low background level for the ELISA response were obtained, and the 50 % inhibitory concentration value at 450 nm was determined to be 26 ppb. The performance of the indirect competitive ELISA based on the polymerization of dopamine was compared to that based on the oxidation of catechol because dopamine has a catechol skeleton. By the complex of HRP and H2O2, catechol can be oxidized to o-benzoquinone having a maximum absorption wavelength of 420 nm. It was shown that the absorbance change in the case of polydopamine was about 2.5 times higher than that of catechol, where the background levels were similar. This confirms that the polymerization of dopamine significantly enhanced the photosignal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumed Yadoung
- Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand
| | - Shinichi Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental, Occupational Health Sciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Koji Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ishimatsu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
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2
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Shinar R, Shinar J. Organic Electronics-Microfluidics/Lab on a Chip Integration in Analytical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8488. [PMID: 37896581 PMCID: PMC10611406 DOI: 10.3390/s23208488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronics (OE) technology has matured in displays and is advancing in solid-state lighting applications. Other promising and growing uses of this technology are in (bio)chemical sensing, imaging, in vitro cell monitoring, and other biomedical diagnostics that can benefit from low-cost, efficient small devices, including wearable designs that can be fabricated on glass or flexible plastic. OE devices such as organic LEDs, organic and hybrid perovskite-based photodetectors, and organic thin-film transistors, notably organic electrochemical transistors, are utilized in such sensing and (bio)medical applications. The integration of compact and sensitive OE devices with microfluidic channels and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) structures is very promising. This survey focuses on studies that utilize this integration for a variety of OE tools. It is not intended to encompass all studies in the area, but to present examples of the advances and the potential of such OE technology, with a focus on microfluidics/LOC integration for efficient wide-ranging sensing and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Shinar
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Joseph Shinar
- Physics & Astronomy Department and Ames National Laboratory—USDOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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3
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Kagawa M, Morioka K, Osashima M, Hemmi A, Yamamoto S, Shoji A, Uchiyama K, Nakajima H. Development of small-sized fluorescence detector for pipette tip-based biosensor for on-site diagnosis. Talanta 2023; 256:124311. [PMID: 36738624 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A small-sized fluorescence detector (referred to as a pipette tip [PT]-reader) was developed for a pipette tip-based biosensor. The PT-reader allows us to measure the fluorescence intensity of a solution in a truncated cone-shaped pipette tip with only the tip inserted into the PT-reader. A pipette holder made from a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and carbon black was capable of the rigorous position arrangement of a truncated cone shaped-pipette tip and the prevention of stray light. The detection performance of the PT-reader was evaluated by measurement of resorufin. The limit of detection (LOD; 3σ) and the relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 4) were estimated to be 0.46 μM and 0.47-4.1%, respectively. This performance was comparable to that of a desktop-type fluorescence microplate reader. In addition, the PT-reader was applied to the quantification of immunoglobulin A (IgA), and the LOD (3σ) of IgA was estimated to be 1.0 ng/mL. The quantitation values of IgA in human saliva obtained by the PT-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PT-ELISA) were in agreement with those obtained by conventional ELISA. The PT-reader is expected to be useful for low-cost and user-friendly measurements, and the technique of device development proposed in this study will contribute to the progress of on-site medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morioka
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Moeko Osashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Akihide Hemmi
- Mebius Advanced Technology Ltd., 3-31-6 Nishiogi-kita, Suginami-ku, Tokyo, 167-0042, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shoji
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hizuru Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
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4
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Morioka K, Osashima M, Azuma N, Qu K, Hemmi A, Shoji A, Murakami H, Teshima N, Umemura T, Uchiyama K, Nakajima H. Development of a fluorescence microplate reader using an organic photodiode array with a large light receiving area. Talanta 2022; 238:122994. [PMID: 34857327 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We developed a small fluorescence microplate reader with an organic photodiode (OPD) array. The OPD array has nine OPDs that have a large light receiving area (9.62 mm2 per one OPD). Since the OPD array is fabricated on a flat glass plate, it can be placed just below microwells and can detect fluorescence emitted through the entire surface of the microwell bottom. The analytical performance of the developed plate reader was evaluated by measuring an aqueous solution of resorufin. The limit of detection (LOD) for resorufin (0.01-0.05 μM) was lower than that obtained with a plate reader equipped with nine inorganic photodiodes developed in a previous study (0.30 μM) and a commercially available microplate reader (0.16 μM). These results indicate that the large light receiving area improves the detection performance of the system. In addition, the developed reader was successfully used to quantify immunoglobulin A (IgA) in human saliva. The LOD for IgA was estimated to be 1.2 ng/mL, which is low enough to objectively evaluate human stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Morioka
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Moeko Osashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Nao Azuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kuizhi Qu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Akihide Hemmi
- Mebius Advanced Technology Ltd., 3-31-6 Nishiogi-kita, Suginami-ku, Tokyo, 167-0042, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shoji
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroya Murakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota, Aichi, 470-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Teshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota, Aichi, 470-0392, Japan
| | - Tomonari Umemura
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hizuru Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
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5
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Ishimatsu R, Shimizu S, Hongsibsong S, Nakano K, Malasuk C, Oki Y, Morita K. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on light absorption of enzymatically generated aniline oligomer: Flow injection analysis for 3-phenoxybenzoic acid with anti-3-phenoxybenzoic acid monoclonal antibody. Talanta 2020; 218:121102. [PMID: 32797869 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A flow enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method based on light absorption by enzymatically generated aniline oligomer in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), H2O2, and aniline is proposed. Aniline oligomer is rapidly formed through the polymerization reaction via the enzymatic reaction, and its fast reaction rate is beneficial for flow ELISA. An anti-3-phenoxybenzoic acid monoclonal antibody (mAb) was produced by mice, and was used for the flow competitive ELISA for the determination of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), which was performed on an acrylic plate having a Y-shaped channel. ABS resin beads (d = 1 mm) were filled in the channel to increase the surface area for the adsorption of the mAb. A clank-type detection chamber (optical length: 1 cm) made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) containing carbon black, which can significantly decrease light scattering, was fabricated with a 3D printer. The PDMS detection chamber was connected to the outlet of the acrylic flow chip with a tube. A blue LED was used as a light source for the flow ELISA. The inhabitation concentration at 50% and the detection range (absorbance change from 90 to 10%) for the proposed flow competitive ELISA were 0.5 ppm and 0.05-5 ppm, respectively. We also performed the flow competitive ELISA in an artificial and real urine, and no significant matrix effect of the urine samples on the ELISA was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Ishimatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- NCD Center, Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Koji Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chacriya Malasuk
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuji Oki
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kinichi Morita
- New Business Development Office, USHIO INC, 6-5 Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100- 8150, Japan
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6
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Morioka K, Sato H, Morita K, Akihide H, Nakajima H, Shoji A, Yanagida A. Development of an on-chip sample injection system with a 6-port valve incorporated in a microchip. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35848-35855. [PMID: 35517096 PMCID: PMC9056900 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-flow-injection analysis (μFIA) is amenable to high-throughput systems with lower consumption of sample and reagent volumes. On-chip sample injection methods are important to prevent reduced analytical performance associated with dead volumes and diffusion of sample solutions. In this study, we have developed an on-chip sample injection system with a small-sized 6-port valve incorporated on a microchip. The valve is made with a 3D printer and is a simple structure that can be easily operated manually. A sample solution in a loading channel can be injected by switching the valve from the load to injection position. Sample injection tests using resorufin solutions revealed that samples can be injected below 100 μL min−1, and the performance of the sample injection system is comparable to that of a commercially available injector. In addition, the sample injection system was successfully applied to a flow-based assay for hydrogen peroxide. The detection limit (3σ) of hydrogen peroxide was estimated to be 0.5 μM, and the assay time after sample injection was approximately 100 s. The developed sample injection system will be useful for various microfluidic-based analyses including μFIA. We demonstrate on-chip sample injection using a 6-port valve incorporated in a microchip.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Morioka
- Department of Biomedical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Hina Sato
- Department of Biomedical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Kenji Morita
- Department of Biomedical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | | | - Hizuru Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Urban Environmental Science
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Shoji
- Department of Biomedical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Akio Yanagida
- Department of Biomedical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
- Hachioji
- Japan
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7
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Costantini F, Lovecchio N, Ruggi A, Manetti C, Nascetti A, Reverberi M, de Cesare G, Caputo D. Fluorescent Label-Free Aptasensor Integrated in a Lab-on-Chip System for the Detection of Ochratoxin A in Beer and Wheat. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5880-5887. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Costantini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Albert Ruggi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cesare Manetti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Nascetti
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, via Salaria 851/881, 00138 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero de Cesare
- Department Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Caputo
- Department Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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KUNISAWA E, ISHIMATSU R, NAKANO K, IMATO T. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Tris(dibenzoylmethane)phenanthroline Europium(III) as a Light Source: An Application for the Detection of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> Based on the Ion Associate Formation of Phosphomolybdic Acid and Malachite Green. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:799-802. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19n003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eri KUNISAWA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Ryoichi ISHIMATSU
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Koji NAKANO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Toshihiko IMATO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
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9
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Pires NMM, Dong T, Yang Z. A fluorimetric nitrite biosensor with polythienothiophene-fullerene thin film detectors for on-site water monitoring. Analyst 2019; 144:4342-4350. [PMID: 31192320 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02441c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorimetric sensor for highly sensitive nitrite detection on the site is presented in this study. The proposed on-chip approach comprises the use of integrated polymer photodetectors to detect light from fluorescence reactions with a diaminofluorescein probe. The detectors were prepared with a heterostructured nanofilm of polythieno[3,4-b]thiophene/benzodithiophene and (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric-acid methyl-ester as a photoactive layer. Prior to fluorimetric detection, the quality of the spin-coated photoactive layer was characterized via nano-morphology and current-density measurements. Nitrite assays were conducted on a poly(methyl methacrylate) microchannel chip, to which polythienothiophene-C71 based detectors were aligned. Results of signal-to-noise ratio determination have indicated a detection limit below 0.55 μM, lower than the 0.1 mg L-1 maximum limit of operation in recirculating aquaculture systems for farming Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. An increase of the nitrite concentration to toxic levels may therefore be possible to detect. The fluorimetric sensor exhibited good linearity over three orders of magnitude and acceptable detection reproducibility, which confirmed its analytical value. Further tests revealed great promise of the integrated biosensor device for detecting nitrite in aquaculture-relevant samples with high precision. The approach reported hereby may provide impetus to in situ analytical tools for monitoring water quality at aquaculture facilities, the food industries or water monitoring stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Miguel Matos Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Microsystems - IMS, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway-USN, P.O. Box 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway. and Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Tao Dong
- Department of Microsystems - IMS, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway-USN, P.O. Box 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
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10
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Ishimatsu R, Kunisawa E, Nakano K, Adachi C, Imato T. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Electronic States of Several Organometallic Eu(III) and Tb(III) Complexes: Effects of the Ligands. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Ishimatsu
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Eri Kunisawa
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Koji Nakano
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- Center for Organic Photonics Electronics Research (OPERA)Japan Science and Technology AgencyERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project c/o OPERAKyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imato
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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