1
|
Ling C, Xu L, Ou L, Wu J, Tan C, Zhu L, Xiong X. NiCo-LDH coupled with 2D ZIF-derived Co nitrogen doped carbon nanosheet arrays as a self-supporting electrocatalyst for detection of formaldehyde. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304024. [PMID: 38391394 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is susceptible to illegal addition to foodstuffs to extend their shelf life due to its antimicrobial, preservative and bleaching properties. In this study, a self-supporting "nanosheet on nanosheet" arrays electrocatalyst with core-shell heterostructure was prepared in situ by coupling NiCo layer double hydroxide with 2D ZIF derived Co-nitrogen-doped porous carbon on carbon cloth (Co-N/C@NiCo-LDH NSAs/CC). Co-N/C nanosheet arrays act as a scaffold core with good electrical conductivity, providing more NiCo-LDH nucleation sites to avoid NiCo-LDH agglomeration, thus having fast mass/charge transfer performance. While the NiCo-LDH nanosheet arrays shell with high specific surface area provide more active sites for electrochemical reactions. As an electrocatalytic sensing electrode, Co-N/C@NiCo-LDH NSAs/CC has a wide linear range of 1 μM to 13 mM for formaldehyde detection, and the detection limit is 82 nM. Besides, the sensor has been applied to the detection of formaldehyde in food samples with satisfactory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Lian Ou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Chao Tan
- Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sichuan Universities, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Werner J, Grześkowiak T, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Frankowski R, Płatkiewicz J. Hybrid materials based on deep eutectic solvents for the preconcentration of formaldehyde by SPME in coffee beverages. Talanta 2024; 268:125309. [PMID: 37871466 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages. It can be prepared from green or roasted beans or from instant coffee. Unfortunately, in addition to the aroma obtained in the coffee roasting process, among others, formaldehyde can be produced. In this study, thin-film solid-phase microextraction was used to preconcentrate trace amounts of formaldehyde in different types of coffee with different roasting levels. For this purpose, 18 hybrid materials based on deep eutectic solvents were synthesized and tested as sorbents in thin-film solid-phase microextraction. The coffee samples were brewed, and then formaldehyde present in them was derivatized using the Nash reagent. The sample preparation procedure was optimized for selected DES-based sorbent using a central composite design method and validated. Formaldehyde was determined in almost all samples of second-crack coffee (roasted at 240 °C) at 0.17-0.75 ng mL-1 and in darker-colored instant coffees at 0.18-0.54 ng mL-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Werner
- Affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Grześkowiak
- Affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak
- Affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Frankowski
- Affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Płatkiewicz
- Affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Araújo ALS, Cavalcante CO, Lavorante AF, Silva WE, Belian MF. Fluorimetric determination of aqueous formaldehyde employing heating and ultrasound-assisted approach through its derivatization with a ß-diketone-nickel(2+) complex immobilized in a PMMA flow cell. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 310:123792. [PMID: 38244431 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a highly toxic substance present in many matrices, including freshwater as well as found in natural mechanisms such as rainfall and combustion of organic matter. Consumption of water contaminated with high levels of FA can cause severe short-term or long-term health problems. Due to these health risks, procedures are necessary to determine and quantify FA in aqua sources This paper reports on a study of fluorimetric determination of FA using a nickel(2 + )-diketonate coordination compound immobilized as a solid precursor. The compound was characterized by electronic absorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), optical microscopy (OM), and scanner electron microscopy (SEM). The methodology was based on the reaction of the synthesized compound with an ammoniacal buffer generating a selective reagent for formaldehyde: fluoral-P. The product of the reaction generates 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL), which is responsible for the fluorescence of the system. Several parameters such as temperature, duration of heating time, and dilution effect with the best effects were studied to carry out FA determination. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a linear response ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 mg/L FA (R = 0.997 and n = 10), and a detection (3σ criterion) and quantification (10 σ criterion) limit estimated at 0.129 and 0.389 mg/L, respectively were achieved. The FA analysis was able to be conducted in 05 min with a relative standard deviation estimated at 1.10 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur L S de Araújo
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Caroliny O Cavalcante
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, S/N, 50740-560, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André F Lavorante
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Wagner E Silva
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Belian
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pang S, Zhong Q, Zhao Y, Xia N. A Novel Fluorescent and Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Formaldehyde Based on Albumin Nanoparticles-Polyethyleneimine-Ag + Ion Nanohybrids. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03486-8. [PMID: 37938478 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
As a carcinogenic substance, high dose of formaldehyde exposure may lead to poisoning and even death. Long-term exposure to low doses of formaldehyde can harm human skin, respiratory organs and immune system. Therefore, it is vital to detect formaldehyde content in real time. In this paper, a simple method for the determination of formaldehyde based on fluorometry and colorimetry was established in the range of 0-1.92 mg·mL-1. A fluorescence protein nanoparticles (BSA NPs) was prepared utlizing bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the raw material. Based on the silver mirror reaction, silver nanoparticles can be generated from the reaction between BSA NPs combined with polyethylenimide (PEI) and silver ion (Ag+) ions complex (BSA NPs-PEI-Ag) and formaldehyde. The fluorescent detection principle for formaldehyde was based on the fluorescence queching of BSA NPs-PEI-Ag system at 514 nm upon the reduction of Ag+ ions by formaldehyde. The colorimetric detection principle for formaldehyde was based on the enhancement of absorption band of BSA NPs-PEI-Ag system at 460 nm and color changes along with the generation of silver nanoparticles after the addition of formaldehyde. The proposed method was succesfully used for formaldehyde detection in real water sample with the recovery range of 106-110%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Pang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, 113001, China.
| | - Qinping Zhong
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Nengxing Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, East Hospital of Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, 423000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Online sample preparation of milk samples for spectrophotometric determination of formaldehyde in milk. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
|
6
|
Silver-modified nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots as a sensor for formaldehyde in milk using headspace micro-extraction on a single-drop of aqueous nanoparticles dispersion. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1232:340479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Kannouma RE, Hammad MA, Kamal AH, Mansour FR. Miniaturization of Liquid-Liquid extraction; the barriers and the enablers. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
8
|
Malakhova N, Mozharovskaia P, Kifle AB, Kozitsina A. Bismuth-coated screen-printed electrodes for the simple voltammetric determination of formaldehyde. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3423-3433. [PMID: 35993393 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, bismuth modified electrodes have been used for the voltammetric detection of formaldehyde (FM). The well-known method of forming formaldehyde hydrazone (FAH) in the presence of hydrazine sulphate was used to convert the hydrated form of FM into its electrochemically active derivative. Various experimental conditions for differential pulse voltammetry were studied to achieve the best analytical performance. The FAH reduction current (FM response) reaches its maximum value at a pH of a phosphate buffer solution of 5.2 ± 0.1 in the presence of 0.09-0.12 M hydrazine sulfate on a bismuth film preliminarily precipitated for 8-12 min from acidic Bi(III) acetate solutions at an electrolysis potential of -1.0 V on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). A dendritic-like film structure was created on the SPCE surface. Under the optimized conditions a linear calibration curve over the range of 0.01-5 mg L-1 (0.33-167 μM) FM was achieved, with a detection limit of 0.002 mg L-1 (0.06 μM). The determination of FM in waste water, melt water from snow within the city industrial zone, and a widely used pharmaceutical preparation "Endofalk®" with good results revealed the potential applicability of a bismuth modified SPCE (BiSPCE) for trace analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Malakhova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira St, 28, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation.
| | - Polina Mozharovskaia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira St, 28, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander Berhane Kifle
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira St, 28, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation.
| | - Alisa Kozitsina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira St, 28, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin Q, Sun J, Wang Y, Ye M, Cheng H. Rapid determination of aldehydes in food by high-throughput reactive paper spray ionization mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
10
|
Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Coating Sorbent for Preconcentration of Formaldehyde by Thin-Film Solid-Phase Microextraction Technique. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A thin-film solid-phase microextraction method with a sorbent composed of a deep eutectic solvent was developed for the preconcentration of formaldehyde from river and lake water samples. Four new deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized, each in molar ratios 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. Among prepared compounds, the greatest efficiency in the proposed method of preconcentration of formaldehyde derivatized with Nash reagent was demonstrated by DES-3 consisting of benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride and lauric acid, in a molar ratio of 1:3. For the proposed method, the parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of formaldehyde were optimized (including the choice of DES-based sorbent and desorption solvent as well as the sample volume and pH, the salting-out effect, the extraction time, and the desorption time). Under optimal conditions, the proposed method achieved good precision between 3.3% (for single sorbent) and 4.8% (for sorbent-to-sorbent) as well as good recovery ranging from 78.0 to 99.1%. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.15 ng mL−1 and 0.50 ng mL−1, respectively. The enrichment factor was equal to 178. The developed method was successfully applied to determine formaldehyde in environmental water samples.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pongkitdachoti U, Unob F. Silver-doped hydroxyapatite for formaldehyde determination by digital-image colorimetry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:926-934. [PMID: 35167629 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver-hydroxyapatite material (Ag-HAP) was first proposed as material for trace-level formaldehyde detection based on Tollens' reaction on the material surface. By using this Ag-HAP material, the chemical reduction caused by formaldehyde occurred directly on the solid surface. The material color changed from off-white to the yellow or brown of silver nanoparticles depending on the formaldehyde concentration. The color intensity of the materials was measured from their smartphone digital images using Image-J software. The effect of silver ion concentration, sodium hydroxide concentration, contact time, and sample volume on formaldehyde detection were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the working range for formaldehyde detection was determined to be 15 to 200 μg L-1. The method was successfully applied to detect trace formaldehyde in water samples and a recovery of 86 to 111%, with an RSD of 3 to 8%, was observed. With a lowest concentration for the detection of 15 μg L-1 and good accuracy and precision, the method showed promise for formaldehyde determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Pongkitdachoti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Fuangfa Unob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Su H, Li H, Lin H, Shi X, Du Y, Luo Y, Deng H. Highly sensitive formaldehyde sensors based on CuO/ZnO composite nanofibrous mats using porous cellulose acetate fibers as templates. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:653-660. [PMID: 35240217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An innovative formaldehyde sensor based on CuO/ZnO composite nanofibrous mats (C-NFMs) coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), which is capable of stable determination of formaldehyde gas at ambient temperatures sensitively and selectively, has been successfully fabricated. Triaxial and highly porous C-NFMs with high surface area (126.53 m2 g-1) were synthesized by electrospinning a sol-gel cellulose acetate (CA)/CuAc2/ZnAc2 complex solution and following by calcination process. Benefiting from the unique heterojunction structure, immense pore interconnectivity and large surface area of C-NFMs, the as-developed QCM sensors exhibited an extremely low limit of detection (LOD) down to 26 ppb and a limit of quantification value equals to 87 ppb. Besides, the C-NFMs coated QCM sensors also demonstrated short response times (80s), the long-term stability during 3 weeks as well as good selectivity to formaldehyde over diverse volatile organic compounds. The sorption equilibrium in the adsorption process of QCM coated sensors was well met with the Freundlich model, which certified the heterogeneous adsorption between formaldehyde gas and C-NFMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Heng Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yumin Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Shenzhen Institute of Quality & Safety Inspection and Research, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Hongbing Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518063, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kochetkova M, Timofeeva I, Bulatov A. A derivatization and microextraction procedure with organic phase solidification on a paper template: Spectrofluorometric determination of formaldehyde in milk. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 263:120160. [PMID: 34284279 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A derivatization and air-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure with organic phase solidification on a paper template was developed for the first time. The procedure was used for the spectrofluorometric determination of formaldehyde in milk samples. The Hantzsch reaction of formaldehyde with acetylacetone in the presence of ammonia to form a derivative (3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine) was implemented for the microextraction and detection of analyte. Thymol was investigated as the extraction solvent for the air-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the first time. In the developed procedure, molten thymol was added to the thermostated aqueous sample solution containing reagents for formaldehyde derivatization, and cloudy solution of fine thymol droplets was formed by air bubbling. After separation of phases the liquid extract phase was withdrawn with a dispenser and distributed on the black paper template in a thin layer to be solidified. The solidified extract phase on the template was inserted to a sample holder of a spectrofluorometer and fluorescence intensity was measured without using cuvettes. Under optimal experimental conditions the linear detection range was found to be 45-500 µg L-1 with LOD calculated from a blank test, based on 3σ, 15 µg L-1. The developed procedure does not require the dilution of the solid extract phase in organic solvent to be introduced in an analytical instrumentation and the use of cuvettes for spectrofluorometric detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kochetkova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St. Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Irina Timofeeva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St. Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Andrey Bulatov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St. Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu C, Hu J, Wu G, Cao J, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistor-Type Sensor with a Sensing Gate for Ppb-Level Formaldehyde Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56309-56319. [PMID: 34787998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The detection of harmful trace gases, such as formaldehyde (HCHO), is a technical challenge in the current gas sensor field. The weak electrical signal caused by trace amounts of gases is difficult to be detected and susceptible to other gases. Based on the amplification effect of a field-effect transistor (FET), a carbon-based FET-type gas sensor with a gas-sensing gate is proposed for HCHO detection at the ppb level. Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (s-CNTs) and a catalytic metal are chosen as channel and gate materials, respectively, for the FET-type gas sensor, which makes full use of the respective advantages of the channel transport layer and the sensitive gate layer. The as-prepared carbon-based FET-type gas sensor exhibits a low detection limit toward HCHO up to 20 ppb under room temperature (RT), which can be improved to 10 ppb by a further heating strategy. It also exhibits a remarkable elevated recovery rate from 80 to 97% with almost no baseline drift (2%) compared to the RT condition, revealing excellent reproducibility, stability, and recovery. The role of sensitive function in the FET-type gas sensor is performed by means of an independent gas-sensing gate, that is, the independence of the sensitive gate and the electron transmission channel is the main reason for its high sensitivity detection. We hope our work can provide an instructive approach for designing high-performance formaldehyde sensor chips with on-chip integration potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Jinyong Hu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Guang Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Juexian Cao
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He J, Liu J, Liu Y, Liyin Z, Wu X, Song G, Hou Y, Wang R, Zhao W, Sun H. Trace carbonyl analysis in water samples by integrating magnetic molecular imprinting and capillary electrophoresis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32841-32851. [PMID: 35493566 PMCID: PMC9042219 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain high derivatization efficiency, the overuse of derivative agent 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) is necessary for carbonyl detection. But, the 2,4-DNPH residue will cause background interferences and limit the pre-concentration factor of the target analytes. In order to overcome the bottleneck problems, the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer based solid-phase extraction (MMIPs-SPE) method was developed with 2,4-dinitroaniline (2,4-DNAN) as the dummy template. The characteristics and selectivity of the MMIPs were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment of carbonyls-DNPH derivatives with simultaneous removal of the surplus 2,4-DNPH was achieved. By coupling with capillary electrophoresis (CE), a satisfactory analytical performance was obtained with the detection limit ranging from 1.2 to 8.7 μg L−1 for 8 carbonyls. The MMIPs-SPE-CE method was applied successfully for the carbonyl assessment in stream water, tap water and bottled water. In addition, the migration of carbonyls in bottled drinking water was investigated under UV irradiation and heating. By integrating MMIPs-SPE method and CE, the enrichment of carbonyls-DNPH derivatives with simultaneous removal of the surplus derivative agent 2,4-DNPH can be achieved.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Zhengxi Liyin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Gang Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Yeyang Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Ruixi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Silva AFS, Gonçalves IC, Rocha FR. Smartphone-based digital images as a novel approach to determine formaldehyde as a milk adulterant. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
New application of Hehner's test with modification for detection of formalin in cheeses and fish. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
18
|
Detection of formaldehyde (HCHO) in solution based on the autocatalytic oxidation reaction of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) induced by silver ions (Ag+). JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Automated analytical procedure using multicommuted flow analysis and organic solvent extraction controlled by an Arduino Due board for photometric determination of zinc in water. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
20
|
Shetty SA, Rangiah K. Simple click chemistry-based derivatization to quantify endogenous formaldehyde in milk using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8865. [PMID: 32559321 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Formaldehyde (FA) exposure via environmental pollution or through the food chain poses a serious threat to human health, especially in developing countries like India. Although the addition of FA to food is proscribed, it is often illegally added to foods such as milk to increase the shelf-life. There are challenges in differentiating the endogenous FA content in milk from externally added FA. METHOD We have developed a simple method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode (UHPLC/MS/SRM) for the absolute quantification of endogenous FA in milk. The steps include fat removal, protein precipitation using acid, and spiking with labelled FA (FA*), followed by simple click chemistry-based derivatization using Girard P reagent (GP) and final analysis. RESULTS A standard curve with FA* was constructed and used for the calculation of endogenous FA in milk. The optimal conditions for the derivatization reaction using 500 μL of milk were: GP, 50 μg; temperature, 37°C; time, 60 min; and 0.1% HCl. The validation parameters such as accuracy (95.84 to 99.73%), precision (2.84 to 8.02%) and spiked recovery (>95%) are within the FDA guidelines. This method is highly sensitive [limit of detection (LOD) of 1 ng/mL] with a dynamic range of 3.12 to 200 ng/mL. The endogenous FA level in pasteurized cow milk is 70 ng/mL (n = 60). The FA content in raw milk samples from cow, goat and buffalo (each n = 10) varied from 134 to 255 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS This method is precise and sufficiently sensitive to quantify endogenous FA in milk samples using a minimal sample volume. As it involves simple sample preparation steps, it can be used routinely to quantify endogenous FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweekruthi A Shetty
- Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Cheluvamba Mansion, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - Kannan Rangiah
- Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Cheluvamba Mansion, Mysore, 570020, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Discoverer Building, 7th Floor, International Tech Park Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dugheri S, Mucci N, Bonari A, Marrubini G, Cappelli G, Ubiali D, Campagna M, Montalti M, Arcangeli G. Liquid phase microextraction techniques combined with chromatography analysis: a review. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sample pretreatment is the first and the most important step of an analytical procedure. In routine analysis, liquid–liquid microextraction (LLE) is the most widely used sample pre-treatment technique, whose goal is to isolate the target analytes, provide enrichment, with cleanup to lower the chemical noise, and enhance the signal. The use of extensive volumes of hazardous organic solvents and production of large amounts of waste make LLE procedures unsuitable for modern, highly automated laboratories, expensive, and environmentally unfriendly. In the past two decades, liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) was introduced to overcome these drawbacks. Thanks to the need of only a few microliters of extraction solvent, LPME techniques have been widely adopted by the scientific community. The aim of this review is to report on the state-of-the-art LPME techniques used in gas and liquid chromatography. Attention was paid to the classification of the LPME operating modes, to the historical contextualization of LPME applications, and to the advantages of microextraction in methods respecting the value of green analytical chemistry. Technical aspects such as description of methodology selected in method development for routine use, specific variants of LPME developed for complex matrices, derivatization, and enrichment techniques are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dugheri
- 1 Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Laboratory, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Mucci
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonari
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cappelli
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- 3 Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Campagna
- 4 Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manfredi Montalti
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Arcangeli
- 2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Trujillo‐Rodríguez MJ, Pino V, Miró M. High‐throughput microscale extraction using ionic liquids and derivatives: A review. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1890-1907. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Pino
- Departamento de Química (Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica)Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) Tenerife Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de CanariasUniversidad de La Laguna (ULL) Tenerife Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI‐TRACE group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of the Balearic Islands Palma Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A fully automated on-line salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction capillary electrophoresis methodology: Application to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in human plasma. Talanta 2020; 208:120391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
24
|
Rocha FR, Zagatto EA. Flow analysis during the 60 years of Talanta. Talanta 2020; 206:120185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
25
|
Song W, Wang Y, Huang L, Cheng H, Wu J, Pan Y. Reactive paper spray mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of formaldehyde in facial masks. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1091-1096. [PMID: 30912597 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A reactive paper spray mass spectrometric approach for rapid analysis of formaldehyde (FA) in cosmetics was developed based on an on-line derivatization reaction between formaldehyde and dansyl hydrazine (DH). METHODS The whole experimental procedure consists of three simple steps: (1) load the sample (2 μL) onto the paper; (2) add the spray solvent (10 μL DH); (3) apply a high voltage (+4.5 kV) to the sample. We used an internal standard (dansyl amide) to create the analytical calibration curve. The established approach has been successfully applied in the quantitation of FA in facial masks. RESULTS Our approach shows good linearity for the FA concentrations between 3 and 300 μg L-1 , and the limit of detection is at 0.8 μg L-1 . Five brands of facial masks were analyzed by this approach without any sample pretreatment, and the FA contents varied from 0.05 to 2.6 mg L-1 with favorable recoveries achieved between 93.2% and 111.3%. CONCLUSIONS This established approach presents a solution to rapid quantitation at extremely low cost of consumables and has potential as a simple, sensitive and robust strategy for the direct analysis of FA in cosmetics, food, environmental, and biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Song
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Heyong Cheng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Leng G, Hu Q, He WF, Liu Z, Chen WJ, Xu WB, Yang QH, Sun J. A simple field method for the determination of sulfite in natural waters: Based on automated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1584:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
27
|
Lemos VA, Oliveira RV, Lopes dos Santos WN, Menezes RM, Santos LB, Costa Ferreira SL. Liquid phase microextraction associated with flow injection systems for the spectrometric determination of trace elements. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
28
|
Chaiendoo K, Boonchiangma S, Promarak V, Ngeontae W. New sensitive strategy for formaldehyde sensing by in situ generation of luminescent silver nanoclusters. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
29
|
In-Syringe Binary-Solvent Liquid-Phase Microextraction for the Preconcentration of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives in Traditional Chinese Medicine Samples. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
30
|
de Freitas Rezende FB, de Souza Santos Cheibub AM, Pereira Netto AD, Marques FFDC. Determination of formaldehyde in bovine milk using a high sensitivity HPLC-UV method. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
31
|
Pochivalov A, Vakh C, Andruch V, Moskvin L, Bulatov A. Automated alkaline-induced salting-out homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction coupled with in-line organic-phase detection by an optical probe for the determination of diclofenac. Talanta 2017; 169:156-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
32
|
Non-conventional solvents in liquid phase microextraction and aqueous biphasic systems. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1500:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
33
|
Nascimento CF, Santos PM, Pereira-Filho ER, Rocha FR. Recent advances on determination of milk adulterants. Food Chem 2017; 221:1232-1244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
34
|
Li F, Wen Y, Yu X, Zhang S, Li G. Preparation and Characterization of a Humate Surfactant with Hydroxymethylation and Esterification Modification of Lignite. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2017. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, a humate surfactant based on humic substances which were derived from lignite by modification of hydroxymethylation and esterification methods respectively was prepared. Determined by surface tension method, the cmc (critical micelle concentration) of the humate surfactant is 1.534 g/L and the corresponding surface tension is 48.8 mN/m. The optimum conditions of the modified processes are as follows: hydroxymethylation modification at pH 10.5, reaction temperature 90°C, reaction time of 60 min, dosage of stock (formaldehyde/lignite/g g−1) 10:10, and the amount of reacted paraformaldehyde was 6.23 mmol/g lignite. The esterification modification was carried but at 70°C, reaction time 10 h, dosage of 6.0 mmol n-decanoyl chloride/g lignite. The conversion rate of n-decanoyl chloride was 95%.
Collapse
|
35
|
Alexovič M, Horstkotte B, Šrámková I, Solich P, Sabo J. Automation of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and related techniques. Approaches based on flow, batch, flow-batch and in-syringe modes. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
36
|
Tracer-monitored flow titrations. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 902:123-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|