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Han X, Lin H, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang Z, Wei X, Sun X, Xie H, Pavase TR, Cao L, Sui J. Amide-containing neoepitopes: the key factor in the preparation of hapten-specific antibodies and a strategy to overcome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1144020. [PMID: 37342337 PMCID: PMC10277511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1144020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, people have suffered from uncertainty, complexity, and a low success rate in generating and screening antibodies against small molecules, which have become the core bottlenecks of immunochemistry. Here, the influence of antigen preparation on antibody generation was investigated at both molecular and submolecular levels. Neoepitopes (amide-containing neoepitopes) formed in the preparation of complete antigens are one of the most important factors limiting the efficiency of generating hapten-specific antibodies, which was verified by different haptens, carrier proteins, and conjugation conditions. Amide-containing neoepitopes present electron-dense structural components on the surface of prepared complete antigens and, therefore, induce the generation of the corresponding antibody with much higher efficiency than target hapten. Crosslinkers should be carefully selected and not overdosed. According to these results, some misconceptions in the conventional anti-hapten antibody production were clarified and corrected. By controlling the content of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) during the synthesis of immunogen to limit the formation of amide-containing neoepitopes, the efficiency of hapten-specific antibody generation could be significantly improved, which verified the correctness of the conclusion and provided an efficient strategy for antibody preparation. The result of the work is of scientific significance in the preparation of high-quality antibodies against small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Luefeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojing Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hanyi Xie
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Tushar Ramesh Pavase
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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A receptor-based chemiluminescence enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for determination of tetracyclines in milk. Anal Biochem 2019; 564-565:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Sensitive determination of bromhexine hydrochloride based on its quenching effect on luminol/H2
O2
electrochemiluminescence system. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 33:698-703. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Peroxidase-catalyzed chemiluminescence system and its application in immunoassay. Talanta 2018; 180:260-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li X, Zhao Y, Ding S, You H, Feng W, Yang X, Yuan J. Development of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay formats for thifluzamide residues’ analysis based on distinct polyclonal antibodies. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1371115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumao Ding
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui You
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlin Yuan
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Xiong S, Zhou Y, Huang X, Yu R, Lai W, Xiong Y. Ultrasensitive direct competitive FLISA using highly luminescent quantum dot beads for tuning affinity of competing antigens to antibodies. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 972:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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