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Chauhan S, Sharma S. Applications of Raman spectroscopy in the analysis of biological evidence. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023:10.1007/s12024-023-00660-z. [PMID: 37878163 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, Raman spectroscopy has progressed and captivated added attention in the field of science. However, the application of Raman spectroscopy is not limited to the field of forensic science and analytical chemistry; it is one of the emerging spectroscopic techniques, utilized in the field of forensic science which in turn could be a supporting tool in the law and justice system. The advantage of Raman spectroscopy over the other conventional techniques is that it is rapid, reliable, and non-destructive in nature with minimal or no sample preparation. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of evidence from biological and non-biological origins could easily be performed by using Raman spectroscopy. The forensic domain is highly complex with multidisciplinary branches, and therefore a plethora of techniques are utilized for the detection, identification, and differentiation of innumerable pieces of evidence for the purpose of law and justice. Herein, a systematic review is carried out on the application of Raman spectroscopy in the realm of forensic biology and serology considering its usefulness in practical perspectives. This review paper highlights the significance of modern techniques, including micro-Raman spectroscopy, confocal Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, in the field of Raman spectroscopy. These techniques have demonstrated notable advancements in terms of their applications and capabilities. Furthermore, to comprehensively capture the progress in the development of Raman spectroscopy, all the published papers which could be retrieved from the available databases from the year 2007 to 2022 were incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Chauhan
- LNJN NICFS, School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Science University, An Institute of National Importance, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Delhi Campus, Delhi, 110085, India
| | - Sweety Sharma
- LNJN NICFS, School of Forensic Sciences, National Forensic Science University, An Institute of National Importance, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Delhi Campus, Delhi, 110085, India.
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Amin MO, Al-Hetlani E. Development of efficient SALDI substrate based on Au-TiO 2 nanohybrids for environmental and forensic detection of dyes and NSAIDs. Talanta 2021; 233:122530. [PMID: 34215033 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a matrix-free approach is presented for comprehensive environmental and forensic analysis of dyes and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) using Au-TiO2 nanohybrids coupled with surface-assisted pulsed laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS). The Au-TiO2 nanohybrids was prepared and characterized using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area measurements, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Initially, the optimal Au content was assessed using the survival yield (SY) method, confirming that 7.5% Au content on the TiO2 surface offered the highest ionization efficiency. Subsequently, environmental analyses of dyes and NSAIDs in water samples were performed, and sensitive detection of all analytes was achieved with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 10.0 ng mL-1 to 10.0 fg mL-1 and good spot-to-spot reproducibility. Additionally, the effect of potential contaminants commonly found in environmental samples, such as salts, surfactants and pesticides was also considered. Despite signal intensity reduction at high concentrations of some salts, the target analytes were detected, while the presence of surfactants and pesticides did not cause significant signal intensity reduction. Additionally, dyed and undyed Tetoron fibers and the effect of adhesive tape were evaluated. Direct analysis of the dyed Tetoron fibers on the target plate, using the nanohybrids, enabled higher detection sensitivity of the dyes, in addition to adducts of polystyrene and cellulose, the main components of the fiber. Finally, NSAIDs in oral fluid were analyzed and sensitive detection of the analytes was observed using the nanohybrids with LODs and LOQs in the range of 0.1-10 ng mL-1 and 1-20 ng mL-1, respectively. The trueness of the exact mass was in the range of 0.64-6.2 ppm while the recovery of the spiked samples was in the range of 82.90-107.54%% indicating the efficiency of the Au-TiO2 nanohybrids as SALDI substrate. Thus, the Au-TiO2 nanohybrids hold considerable promise in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, and LOD, and may significantly contribute to environmental and forensic identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed O Amin
- Kuwait University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box: 5969, 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Entesar Al-Hetlani
- Kuwait University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box: 5969, 13060, Kuwait.
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Characterization of Pharmaceutical Tablets Using UV Hyperspectral Imaging as a Rapid In-Line Analysis Tool. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21134436. [PMID: 34203526 PMCID: PMC8271527 DOI: 10.3390/s21134436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A laboratory prototype for hyperspectral imaging in ultra-violet (UV) region from 225 to 400 nm was developed and used to rapidly characterize active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in tablets. The APIs are ibuprofen (IBU), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and paracetamol (PAR). Two sample sets were used for a comparison purpose. Sample set one comprises tablets of 100% API and sample set two consists of commercially available painkiller tablets. Reference measurements were performed on the pure APIs in liquid solutions (transmission) and in solid phase (reflection) using a commercial UV spectrometer. The spectroscopic part of the prototype is based on a pushbroom imager that contains a spectrograph and charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The tablets were scanned on a conveyor belt that is positioned inside a tunnel made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in order to increase the homogeneity of illumination at the sample position. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to differentiate the hyperspectral data of the drug samples. The first two PCs are sufficient to completely separate all samples. The rugged design of the prototype opens new possibilities for further development of this technique towards real large-scale application.
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Dolan MJ, Jorabchi K. Effects of outdoor weathering and laundering on the detection and classification of fluorinated oil-and-water-repellent fabric coatings. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1669-1678. [PMID: 34057737 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated polymer coatings are used to impart durable oil-and-water-repellent properties on fabrics, potentially offering a persistent fiber characteristic for forensic fiber comparisons. To evaluate the persistence of these coatings, we investigate effects of outdoor weathering and laundering on detection and classification of the fluorinated oil-and-water-repellent coatings on 9 garments and 2 spray-coated fabric samples. Single fibers from the samples are pyrolyzed and subjected to gas chromatography coupled to a fluorine-selective detector. The positive detection of coatings is indicated by a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) >50 for the tallest peak in the pyrograms. Moreover, a multinomial logistic regression model trained using fibers prior to weathering and laundering is utilized to determine the class of the weathered and laundered fibers, providing a metric to evaluate the effect of these processes on fiber classification. Notably, fluorinated coatings are detected on all of the fibers exposed to outdoor elements in Arlington, VA, up to 12 weeks from August to October 2020, while a detection rate of 95.5% is achieved for samples laundered up to 10 wash cycles. The detection rate prior to weathering and laundering was 98%, indicating negligible effect of these processes on detection of coatings. The classification accuracy is determined to be 99% and 100% for weathered and laundered samples, respectively, illustrating that these processes do not significantly affect the major pyrolysis products of the coatings responsible for classification. These results highlight the persistence of the fluorinated oil-and-water-repellent fabric coatings and their potential for forensic fiber discrimination at single-fiber level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Dolan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kaveh Jorabchi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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He X, Wang J, Zhao B, Mu Y, Liu Y, Hou W, Ma T. NonDestructive Discrimination of Ship Deck Paint Using Attenuated Total Reflection – Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy with Chemometric Analysis. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1758125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong He
- School of Investigation and Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jifen Wang
- School of Investigation and Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Ministry of Public Security, People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Mu
- School of Investigation and Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Lvliang Municipal Public Security Bureau, Shanxi Province, Lvliang, China
| | - Wei Hou
- School of Investigation and Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Investigation and Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
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He X, Wang J, Niu F, Fan L, Teng X, Zhang C, He X. Characterization of Heroin and Its Additives by Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) – Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Multivariate Analysis. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1751181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong He
- School of Investigation and Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jifen Wang
- School of Investigation and Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Niu
- Tian ‘anmen Branch of Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Fan
- School of Investigation and Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Teng
- School of Investigation and Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyue Zhang
- School of Investigation and Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu He
- School of Investigation and Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
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Lightweight and Durable PVDF-SSPF Composites for Photovoltaics Backsheet Applications: Thermal, Optical and Technical Properties. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132104. [PMID: 31261926 PMCID: PMC6651121 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photovoltaic module backsheets are characterized according to their thermal, optical, mechanical, and technical properties. This work introduces new fabricated backsheets for PV modules using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) reinforced with short sugar palm fiber (SSPF) composites. The preparation of composites undergoes multiple phases of fabrication. Thermal, optical, and technical investigations of their properties were conducted. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, in-situ scanning probe microscopy (SPM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and prolonged technical testing were accomplished to expansively understand the complex behavior of composites under various conditions. The optical properties of PV backsheets are critical components in determining the reflectance, absorbance, and transmittance of light. The PVDF–SSPF composites exhibited exceptional compatibility and thermal stability, further revealing a homogenous composite structure with enhanced interfacial bonding between the short fiber and polymer matrix.
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Fikiet MA, Khandasammy SR, Mistek E, Ahmed Y, Halámková L, Bueno J, Lednev IK. Forensics: evidence examination via Raman spectroscopy. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Forensic science can be broadly defined as the application of any of the scientific method to solving a crime. Within forensic science there are many different disciplines, however, for the majority of them, five main concepts shape the nature of forensic examination: transfer, identification, classification/individualization, association, and reconstruction. The concepts of identification, classification/individualization, and association rely greatly on analytical chemistry techniques. It is, therefore, no stretch to see how one of the rising stars of analytical chemistry techniques, Raman spectroscopy, could be of use. Raman spectroscopy is known for needing a small amount of sample, being non-destructive, and very substance specific, all of which make it ideal for analyzing crime scene evidence. The purpose of this chapter is to show the state of new methods development for forensic applications based on Raman spectroscopy published between 2015 and 2017.
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Forensic Discrimination Potential of Blue, Black, Green, and Red Colored Fountain Pen Inks Commercially Used in Pakistan, by UV/Visible Spectroscopy, Thin Layer Chromatography, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Int J Anal Chem 2019; 2019:5980967. [PMID: 30723504 PMCID: PMC6339742 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5980967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Examination and comparison of fountain pen inks are very important in forensic questioned documents examination in developing countries where the chances of fraud are greater in cases of cheques, marriage papers, entry of birth and death, etc. In this study, fountain pen inks of blue, black, green, and red colours that are commercially used in Pakistan have been discriminated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TLC, and FTIR spectroscopy. We have calculated and compared the results in terms of discriminating power. UV/Visible Spectroscopy of fountain pen inks of different brands showed different composition despite their similar colours. TLC was effectively used to differentiate between the colored components of inks. FTIR results showed that each brand could be distinguished by studying the pattern of their absorption spectra that appeared due to the presence of different functional groups. On the basis of combined results of UV-VIS, TLC, and FTIR, the DP was found from 0.73-0.8 for blue, 0.80-1.0 for black, 0.5-1.0 for green, and 1.0 for red colored fountain pen inks. Overall, this study demonstrated the elevated worth of analysis of fountain pen inks commercially used in Pakistan as the study for fountain pen inks, while not very common, remains an interesting target study.
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Mistek E, Fikiet MA, Khandasammy SR, Lednev IK. Toward Locard's Exchange Principle: Recent Developments in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:637-654. [PMID: 30404441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Mistek
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Marisia A Fikiet
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Shelby R Khandasammy
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
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Khandasammy SR, Fikiet MA, Mistek E, Ahmed Y, Halámková L, Bueno J, Lednev IK. Bloodstains, paintings, and drugs: Raman spectroscopy applications in forensic science. Forensic Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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