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Gkouliamtzi AG, Tsaftari VC, Tarara M, Tsogas GZ. A Low-Cost Colorimetric Assay for the Analytical Determination of Copper Ions with Consumer Electronic Imaging Devices in Natural Water Samples. Molecules 2023; 28:4831. [PMID: 37375386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports a new approach for the determination of copper ions in water samples that exploits the complexation reaction with diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and uses widely available imaging devices (i.e., flatbed scanners or smartphones) as detectors. Specifically, the proposed approach is based on the ability of DDTC to bind to copper ions and form a stable Cu-DDTC complex with a distinctive yellow color detected with the camera of a smartphone in a 96-well plate. The color intensity of the formed complex is linearly proportional to the concentration of copper ions, resulting in its accurate colorimetric determination. The proposed analytical procedure for the determination of Cu2+ was easy to perform, rapid, and applicable with inexpensive and commercially available materials and reagents. Many parameters related to such an analytical determination were optimized, and a study of interfering ions present in the water samples was also carried out. Additionally, even low copper levels could be noticed by the naked eye. The assay performed was successfully applied to the determination of Cu2+ in river, tap, and bottled water samples with detection limits as low as 1.4 µM, good recoveries (89.0-109.6%), adequate reproducibility (0.6-6.1%), and high selectivity over other ions present in the water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyro G Gkouliamtzi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki C Tsaftari
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Tarara
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Z Tsogas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Schmidt R, Logan MG, Patty S, Ferracane JL, Pfeifer CS, Kendall AJ. Thiol Quantification Using Colorimetric Thiol-Disulfide Exchange in Nonaqueous Solvents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9356-9363. [PMID: 36936287 PMCID: PMC10018523 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A careful analysis of two (thiol-disulfide exchange) thiol quantification chromophores' behavior (Ellman's reagent and Aldrithiol-4) in nonaqueous solvents is presented. A wide range of kinetic profiles and response factors were measured to exhibit a large variance for nonaqueous systems. We report several robust benchtop and room-temperature methods using different organic solvents compared to aqueous conditions. Validation of analytical analyses in nonaqueous systems and quantification of the cysteine content of ovalbumin are also presented. This work serves as a treatise on the utilization of thiol-disulfide exchange chromophores under nonaqueous conditions for the quantification of thiols.
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3
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Yang J, Tang Y, Pan H, Ma W, Luo W, Chen B, Bu Y. Precipitating halides by silver carbonate: A facile pretreatment method to enable total organic halogen analysis in water. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Tsogas GZ, Vlessidis AG, Giokas DL. Analyte-mediated formation and growth of nanoparticles for the development of chemical sensors and biosensors. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:434. [PMID: 36307660 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The cornerstone of nanomaterial-based sensing systems is the synthesis of nanoparticles with appropriate surface functionalization that ensures their stability and determines their reactivity with organic or inorganic analytes. To accomplish these requirements, various compounds are used as additives or growth factors to regulate the properties of the synthesized nanoparticles and their reactivity with the target analytes. A different rationale is to use the target analytes as additives or growth agents to control the formation and properties of nanoparticles. The main difference is that the analyte recognition event occurs before or during the formation of nanoparticles and it is based on the reactivity of the analytes with the precursor materials of the nanoparticles (e.g., metal ions, reducing agents, and coatings). The transition from the ionic (or molecular) state of the precursor materials to ordered nanostructured assemblies is used for sensing and signal transduction for the qualitative detection and the quantitative determination of the target analytes, respectively. This review focuses on assays that are based on analyte-mediated regulation of nanoparticles' formation and differentiate them from standard nanoparticle-based assays which rely on pre-synthesized nanoparticles. Firstly, the principles of analyte-mediated nanomaterial sensors are described and then they are discussed with emphasis on the sensing strategies, the signal transduction mechanisms, and their applications. Finally, the main advantages, as well as the limitations of this approach, are discussed and compared with assays that rely on pre-synthesized nanoparticles in order to highlight the major advances accomplished with this type of nano-sensors and elucidate challenges and opportunities for further evolving new nano-sensing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Z Tsogas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Vlessidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis L Giokas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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5
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Development of a Paper-Based Analytical Method for the Selective Colorimetric Determination of Bismuth in Water Samples. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel, direct and simple colorimetric method employing μicroanalytical paper-based devices (μ-PADs) for the selective determination of bismuth is described. The suggested method exploits the colorimetric variation of bismuth after its rapid reaction with methyl thymol blue (MTB) in an acidic medium (pH ranging between 0.7 and 3.0), modified with nitric acid, on the surface of a paper device at room temperature. The devices are low cost, composed of chromatographic paper and wax barriers and the analytical protocol is easily applicable with minimal technical expertise and without the need for experimental apparatus. The user must add a test sample and read the color intensity of the colored Bi(III)–MTB complex formed at the sensing area using a simple imaging device such as a flatbed scanner. Various chemical variables, such as HNO3 and MTB concentration, reaction time, ionic strength, detection zone size and photo-capture detector are optimized. A study of interfering ions such as K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42− and HCO3− was also conducted. The stability of the paper devices is also studied in different maintenance conditions with particularly satisfactory results, rendering the method suitable for field analysis. The detection limits are as low as 3.0 mg L−1 with very satisfactory precision, ranging from 4.0% (intra-day) to 5.5% (inter-day). Natural water samples are successfully analyzed, and bismuth percentage recoveries were calculated in the range of 82.8 to 115.4%.
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6
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Tarara M, Tsiasioti A, Tzanavaras PD, Tsogas GZ. Development of an equipment free paper based fluorimetric method for the selective determination of histidine in human urine samples. Talanta 2022; 249:123685. [PMID: 35717751 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A direct fluorimetric method, employing μicro-analytical paper-based devices (μ-PADs) for the selective determination of histidine (HIS) is described. The suggested method exploits the fluorescence emission of histidine after its rapid reaction with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) at a basic medium (pH = 10) on the surface of a paper device with the application of a UV lamp at 354 nm. The devices are inexpensive and are composed of chromatographic paper and wax barriers. The analytical protocol is easily applicable with minimal technical expertise and without the need of expensive experimental apparatus. The user has to add a test sample, illuminate the device with a UV lamp, and read the fluorescence of the sensing area using a simple imaging device such as a cell-phone camera. The method is free from common interferences likely to affect the measurement of histidine and is selective among all other amino acids. This analytical procedure was optimized and validated, paying special attention to its intended application. The detection limits are as low as 1.8 μM with very satisfactory precision ranging from 6.4% (intra-day) to 8.9% (inter-day). Random urine samples from adult volunteers (n = 5) were successfully analyzed and HIS content ranged between 260 and 1114 μmol L-1 with percentage recoveries in the range of 78.2 and 124.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tarara
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolia Tsiasioti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevas D Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Z Tsogas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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7
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Paper-Based Device for Sweat Chloride Testing Based on the Photochemical Response of Silver Halide Nanocrystals. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the determination of chloride anions in sweat is described. The novelty of the method relies on the different photochemical response of silver ions and silver chloride crystals when exposed to UV light. Silver ions undergo an intense colorimetric transition from colorless to dark grey-brown due to the formation of nanosized Ag while AgCl exhibits a less intense color change from white to slightly grey. The analytical signal is obtained as mean grey value of color intensity on the paper surface and is expressed as the absolute difference between the signal of the blank (i.e., in absence of chloride) and the sample (i.e., in the presence of chloride). The method is simple to perform (addition of sample, incubation in the absence of light, irradiation, and offline measurement in a flatbed scanner), does not require any special signal processing steps (the color intensity is directly measured from a constant window on the paper surface without any imager processing) and is performed with minimum sample volume (2 μL). The method operates within a large chloride concentration range (10–140 mM) with good detection limits (2.7 mM chloride), satisfactory recoveries (95.2–108.7%), and reproducibility (<9%). Based on these data the method could serve as a potential tool for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis through the determination of chloride in human sweat.
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8
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Gold-Modified Micellar Composites as Colorimetric Probes for the Determination of Low Molecular Weight Thiols in Biological Fluids Using Consumer Electronic Devices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a new, low-cost and simple-to-use method for the determination of free biothiols in biological fluids. The developed method utilizes the interaction of biothiols with gold ions, previously anchored on micellar assemblies through electrostatic interactions with the hydrophilic headgroup of cationic surfactant micelles. Specifically, the reaction of AuCl4− with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) produces an intense orange coloration, due to the ligand substitution reaction of the Br− for Cl− anions, followed by the coordination of the AuBr4− anions on the micelle surface through electrostatic interactions. When biothiols are added to the solution, they complex with the gold ions and disrupt the AuBr4−–CTAB complex, quenching the initial coloration and inducing a decrease in the light absorbance of the solution. Biothiols are assessed by monitoring their color quenching in an RGB color model, using a flatbed scanner operating in transmittance mode as an inexpensive microtiter plate photometer. The method was applied to determine the biothiol content in urine and blood plasma samples, with satisfactory recoveries (i.e., >67.3–123% using external calibration and 103.8–115% using standard addition calibration) and good reproducibility (RSD < 8.4%, n = 3).
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9
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Akrivi E, Kappi F, Gouma V, Vlessidis AG, Giokas DL, Kourkoumelis N. Biothiol modulated growth and aggregation of gold nanoparticles and their determination in biological fluids using digital photometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 249:119337. [PMID: 33360206 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a novel and easy to use method for the determination of biologically important thiols that relies on their ability to inhibit the catalytic enlargement of AuNP seeds in the presence of ACl4- ions and trigger their aggregation. UV-vis spectroscopic monitoring of the plasmon resonance bands of the formed AuNPs showed that the spectral and color transitions depend both on the concentration and the structure of biothiols. The colorimetric changes induced by biothiols were quantified in the concentration range from 5 to 300 μM in the RGB color system with digital photometry using a commercially available flatbed scanner as detector. On the basis of these results, the applicability of the method was tested to the determination of glutathione in red blood cells and cysteine in blood plasma with satisfactory recoveries (88.7-96.5%), low detection limits (1.0 μM), good selectivity against major biomolecules under physiologically relevant conditions and satisfactory reproducibility (<8%). The method requires minimum technical expertise, is easy to use and is performed without scientific equipment, holding promise as a simple assay of biothiol testing even by non-experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Akrivi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Greece; Neurology Clinic, University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Foteini Kappi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Gouma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Dimosthenis L Giokas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kourkoumelis
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Greece.
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10
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Nanozyme based on CoFe 2O 4 modified with MoS 2 for colorimetric determination of cysteine and glutathione. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:65. [PMID: 33543407 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A nanozyme based on CoFe2O4 modified with MoS2 was constructed for colorimetric determination of cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH). Firstly, ferrite CoFe2O4 is synthesized, and it is then modified by MoS2 to form a flower-like polymer (MoS2@CoFe2O4). In the presence of H2O2, a redox interaction takes place, and the resulting hydroxyl promoted a colorimetric conversion from colorless to blue in the presence of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). However, once Cys or GSH is added, they are capable to compete with the interaction of the hydroxyl with TMB, resulting in an inhibition of the colorimetric conversion. The colorimetric distinction is sensitive to the amount of target. The results obtained proved that the catalytic efficiency of MoS2@CoFe2O4 is 4.4-fold and 1.8-fold to that of MoS2 and CoFe2O4. Meanwhile, the Km values to TMB and H2O2 are 0.067 and 0.048 mM, respectively, which are 6.5-fold and 77-fold, respectively smaller than those of natural peroxidase such as HPR. This indicates that the MoS2@CoFe2O4 possesses a favorable interaction affinity. Additionally, the colorimetric distinction caused by the competition between TMB and cysteine or glutathione is obvious. The signal responses to cysteine and glutathione are linear in the range 0.5~15 μM and 0.5~35 μM, and the LODs are 0.10 and 0.21 μM, respectively. In practical assay of Cys in serum, the RSD of the sample tests is 4.6%, and the recoveries for the spiked assays are 95.3% and 96.0% with the RSD of 2.1% and 4.2%, respectively.
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11
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Tsiasioti A, Iakovidou I, Zacharis CK, Tzanavaras PD. Automated fluorimetric sensor for glutathione based on zone fluidics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:117963. [PMID: 31884397 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A zone-fluidics (ZF) based automated fluorimetric sensor for the determination of glutathione (GSH) is reported. Discrete zones of GSH and o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) mix and react on-line under mild basic pH without the need of additional nucleophillic reagents, to yield a fluorescent isoindole derivative (λex/λem = 340/425 nm). The proposed ZF sensor was optimized (pH, c(OPA), time, instrumental variables) and validated. Cysteine, glutamate, glycine and ammonium were representatively examined in terms of selectivity and were found not to react in 10-fold excess. Linearity was proved in the range of 5-100 μmol L-1 GSH, with an LOD of 1 μmol L-1 at a practical sampling rate of 20 h-1 and RSD < 0.5% (within-day) and 4.2% (day-to-day). The dosage uniformity of commercially available GSH - containing nutraceuticals was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolia Tsiasioti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Ifigenia Iakovidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece
| | - Paraskevas D Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
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12
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Low-cost Point-of-Care Biosensors Using Common Electronic Components as Transducers. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-020-4104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Kostara A, Tsogas GZ, Vlessidis AG, Giokas DL. Generic Assay of Sulfur-Containing Compounds Based on Kinetics Inhibition of Gold Nanoparticle Photochemical Growth. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16831-16838. [PMID: 31458309 PMCID: PMC6643451 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a new, equipment-free, generic method for the determination of sulfur-containing compounds that is based on their ability to slow down the photoreduction kinetics of gold ions to gold nanoparticles. The method involves tracking the time required for a red coloration to appear in the tested sample, indicative of the formation of gold nanoparticles, and compare the measured time relative to a control sample in the absence of the target analyte. The method is applicable with minimal and simple steps requiring only two solutions (i.e., a buffer and a gold solution), a source of light (UV or visible), and a timer. The method responds to a large variety of sulfur-containing compounds including thiols, thioesters, disulfides, thiophosphates, metal-sulfur bonds, and inorganic sulfur and was therefore applied to the determination of a variety of compounds such as dithiocarbamate and organophosphorous pesticides, biothiols, pharmaceutically active compounds, and sulfides in different samples such as natural waters and wastewater, biological fluids, and prescription drugs. The analytical figures of merit of the method include satisfactory sensitivity (quantitation limits at the low μM levels), good recoveries (from 93 to 109%), and satisfactory reproducibility (from 4.8 to 9.8%). The method is easily adoptable to both laboratory settings and nonlaboratory conditions for quantitative and semiquantitative analysis, respectively, is user-friendly even for the minimally trained user, and can be performed with limited resources at low cost.
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14
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Kappi FA, Tsogas GZ, Routsi AM, Christodouleas DC, Giokas DL. Paper-based devices for biothiols sensing using the photochemical reduction of silver halides. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1036:89-96. [PMID: 30253841 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development of paper-based devices for the determination of biothiols. The devices are inexpensive (composed of paper and silver halide particles), and the analytical protocol is easily executable with minimum technical expertise and without the need of specialized equipment; the user has to add a test sample, illuminate the device with a UV lamp, and read the color change of the sensing area using a simple imaging device (i.e., cell-phone camera) or a bare eye. The detection mechanism of the assay is based on the biothiols-mediated photoreduction of nanometer-sized silver chloride particles deposited on the surface of paper; photoreduced silver chloride particles have a grayish coloration that depends on the concentration of biothiols in the tested solution. This is the first time that the UV-mediated photoreduction of solid silver halides particles is used for analytical purposes. The performance of the devices has been tested on the detection of total biothiols content of artificial body fluids and protein-free human blood plasma samples, and the results were satisfactory in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, recoveries and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini A Kappi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - George Z Tsogas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Anna-Maria Routsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell MA 01854, United States
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15
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Gaucher C, Boudier A, Bonetti J, Clarot I, Leroy P, Parent M. Glutathione: Antioxidant Properties Dedicated to Nanotechnologies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E62. [PMID: 29702624 PMCID: PMC5981248 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Which scientist has never heard of glutathione (GSH)? This well-known low-molecular-weight tripeptide is perhaps the most famous natural antioxidant. However, the interest in GSH should not be restricted to its redox properties. This multidisciplinary review aims to bring out some lesser-known aspects of GSH, for example, as an emerging tool in nanotechnologies to achieve targeted drug delivery. After recalling the biochemistry of GSH, including its metabolism pathways and redox properties, its involvement in cellular redox homeostasis and signaling is described. Analytical methods for the dosage and localization of GSH or glutathiolated proteins are also covered. Finally, the various therapeutic strategies to replenish GSH stocks are discussed, in parallel with its use as an addressing molecule in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariane Boudier
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Pierre Leroy
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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16
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Zhang S, Lin B, Yu Y, Cao Y, Guo M, Shui L. A ratiometric nanoprobe based on silver nanoclusters and carbon dots for the fluorescent detection of biothiols. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 195:230-235. [PMID: 29414583 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ratiometric fluorescent probes could eliminate the influence from experimental factors and improve the detection accuracy. In this article, a ratiometric nanoprobe was constructed based on silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) with nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) and used for the detection of biothiols. The fluorescence peak of AgNCs was observed at 650nm with excitation wavelength at 370nm. In order to construct the ratiometric fluorescent probe, NCDs with the excitation and emission wavelengths at 370nm and 450nm were selected. After adding AgNCs, the fluorescence of NCDs was quenched. The mechanism of the fluorescence quenching was studied by fluorescence, UV-Vis absorption and the fluorescence lifetime spectra. The results indicated that the quenching could be ascribed to the inner filter effect (IFE). With the addition of biothiols, the fluorescence of AgNCs at 650nm decreased due to the breakdown of AgNCs, and the fluorescence of NCDs at 450nm recovered accordingly. Thus, the relationship between the ratio of the fluorescence intensities (I450/I650) and biothiol concentration was used to establish the determination method for biothiols. Cysteine (Cys) was taken as the model of biothiols, and the working curve for Cys was I450/I650=0.60CCys-1.86 (CCys: μmol/L) with the detection limit of 0.14μmol/L (S/N=3). Then, the method was used for the detection of Cys in human urine and serum samples with satisfactory accuracy and recovery ratios. Furthermore, the probe could be applied for the visual semi-quantitative determination of Cys by naked eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine (Guangzhou), School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Bixia Lin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine (Guangzhou), School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine (Guangzhou), School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Yujuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine (Guangzhou), School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Manli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine (Guangzhou), School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Lingling Shui
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
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17
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Choleva TG, Gatselou VA, Tsogas GZ, Giokas DL. Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of rhodium nanoparticles, and their application to the colorimetric determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:22. [PMID: 29594622 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of rhodium nanoparticles (RhNPs) and their use as catalytic labels for sensitive colorimetric assays is presented. RhNPs catalyze the oxidation of the peroxidase substrate 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2 to produce a blue reaction product with a maximum absorbance at 652 nm. Kinetic studies show catalysis to follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics and a "ping-pong" mechanism. The calculated kinetic parameters indicate high affinity of RhNPs for both the substrate TMB and H2O2. In fact, they are better than other peroxidase mimicking nanomaterials and even the natural enzyme horseradish peroxidase. On the other hand, RhNPs exhibit no reactivity towards saccharides, thiols, amino acids and ascorbic acid. Based on these findings, a sensitive and selective colorimetric method was worked out for the determination of H2O2 in real samples with a linear response in the 1-100 μM concentration range. By employing glucose oxidase, the glucose assay has a linear range that covers the 5 to 125 μM glucose concentration range. The detection limits are <0.75 μM for both species. The methods were applied to the determination of H2O2 in spiked pharmaceutical formulations, and of glucose in soft drinks and blood plasma. Figures of merit include (a) good accuracy (with errors of <6%), (b) high recoveries (96.5-103.7%), and (c) satisfactory reproducibility (<6.3%). Graphical abstract Rhodium nanoparticles catalyze the oxidation of 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2 to produce a blue reaction product. The effect is exploited in photometric assays for hydrogen peroxide and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana G Choleva
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasiliki A Gatselou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Z Tsogas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis L Giokas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Tsogas GZ, Kappi FA, Vlessidis AG, Giokas DL. Recent Advances in Nanomaterial Probes for Optical Biothiol Sensing: A Review. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1329833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Z. Tsogas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Foteini A. Kappi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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