1
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Zhang C, Wang Y, Li Y, Song J, Wang Y. Click preparation of triazole-bridged teicoplanin-bound chiral stationary phases for efficient separating amino acid enantiomers. Talanta 2024; 274:125984. [PMID: 38537352 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Enantioseparation of amino acids is considered as a challenging task due to the extreme structural similarity of their enantiomers. Herein, teicoplanin was modified with different chemical equivalents of azide groups and attached to silica particles by employing Click Chemistry for resolution of chiral amino acids for the first time. Interestingly, teicoplanin modified with 5-fold the chemical equivalent of azide groups (TK-2 CSP) exhibited superior amino acid separation ability compared to two other columns: one modified with only 1-fold the chemical equivalent of azide groups (TK-1 CSP), and the other modified with excess azide groups (TK-3 CSP). Additionally, the TK-2 CSP exhibited superior enantioselectivity when separating amino acids containing hydrophobic alkyl side chains in comparison to other teicoplanin-based CSPs. The TK-2 CSP column allows the baseline separation of 7 native amino acids. Molecular docking demonstrates that effective enantioseparation arises from distinct patterns of interaction between the host and guest molecules. Moreover, (p-methyl) phenylcarbaminoylated-teicoplanin CSP (TK-4, TK-5 CSP) were prepared by post-modification from TK-1 CSP and TK-2 CSP to isolate Fmoc-modified amino acids. This work explores the impact of various modification methods on the enantioseparation effects of host molecules and paves the way for expanding the potential applications of teicoplanin and macrocyclic glycopeptide molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300075, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300075, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300075, China
| | - Jiatai Song
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300075, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300075, China.
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2
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Zeng Q, Huang Z, Li D, Li L. Preparation of a bis-triazolyl bridged β-cyclodextrin stationary phase and its application for enantioseparation of chiral compounds by HPLC. Chirality 2024; 36:e23644. [PMID: 38353340 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A novel bis-triazolyl bridged β-cyclodextrin was first synthesized by the Click reaction between azido-β-cyclodextrin and 1,6-heptadiyne. Then it was bonded onto silica gel to obtain a bis-triazolyl bridged β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase (BCDP). After structure characterization, the HPLC performance of BCDP was systematically evaluated by using different types of compounds as probes. The results showed that BCDP could well separate 18 kinds of achiral aromatic compounds (homologues, positional isomers, etc.) and 35 kinds of chiral drugs or pesticides, such as triazoles (Rs = 1.33-3.15), flavanones (Rs = 1.49-2.62), dansyl amino acids (Rs = 0.96-1.99), and β-blocker drugs (Rs = 0.68-2.78). BCDP could separate a wider range of compounds (53 kinds); especially, some chiral substance pairs that were difficult to be resolved on the ordinary cyclodextrin CSPs, including triazoles containing two chiral carbons (triadimenol, bitertanol, metconazole, and triticonazole), strongly ionized amino acids (acidic Asp, alkalic Arg, and polar Thr) and β-blockers with bulky groups (carvedilol, propranolol, and pindolol). Obviously, the unique synergistic inclusion effect of bridged cyclodextrin with double cavities and the bis-triazole bridging group could provide multiple action sites, such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and acid-base action sites, thus improving its chiral chromatographic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Li
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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3
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Liu H, Wu Z, Chen J, Wang J, Qiu H. Recent advances in chiral liquid chromatography stationary phases for pharmaceutical analysis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464367. [PMID: 37714014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a common phenomenon in nature. Different enantiomers of chiral drug compounds have obvious differences in their effects on the human body. Therefore, the separation of chiral drugs plays an extremely important role in the safe utilization of drugs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an effective tool for the separation and analysis of compounds, in which the chromatographic packing plays a key role in the separation. Chiral pharmaceutical separation and analysis in HPLC rely on chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Thus, various CSPs are being developed to meet the needs of chiral drug separation and analysis. In this review, recent developments in CSPs, including saccharides (cyclodextrin, cellulose, amylose and chitosan), macrocycles (macrocyclic glycopeptides, pillar[n]arene and polyamide) and porous organic materials (metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and porous organic cages), for pharmaceutical analysis in HPLC were summarized, the advantages and disadvantages of various stationary phases were introduced, and their development prospects were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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4
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Li Y, Jin X, Xiao Y, Ma X, Wang Y. Investigation of the chiral recognition role of cyclodextrin hydroxyl moieties via high performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 2023; 148:4987-4994. [PMID: 37667869 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01033c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD) is known to afford excellent enantioselectivities due to its hydrophobic cavity and external H-bonding sites from hydroxyl moieties. However, there is still a lack of direct and comprehensive evidence clearly illustrating the origin of the important H-bonding effect. Regarding this issue, herein, four allylimidazole CD derivatives by selective substitution of the primary (6-position) and/or secondary (2,3-position) CD were synthesized and clicked onto silica surfaces to afford the corresponding chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The chiral chromatographic performances were systematically evaluated by separating 35 racemic analytes including isoxazolines, dansyl-amino acids, flavonoids and other racemates under reversed-phase HPLC. The chiral selection factors (α) and retention times (k) of the analytes on the as-prepared CSPs were comprehensively compared and it reveals that the enantioseparation ability was significantly altered due to the selective substituents of CD hydroxyl groups. The natural allylimidazole CD CSP (AICDCSP) was superior to the 6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl AICDCSP (6-TBDMAICDCSP) for most analytes. Dansyl amino acids and Ar-Pys were well separated on AICDCSP and 6-TBDMAICDCSP, where dansyl amino leucine gained the highest resolution up to 4.72 on AICDCSP, and flavonoids and Ar-Oprs were only separated on AICDCSP. These interesting separation results demonstrate that the secondary hydroxyl groups play a pivotal role in the separation of chiral compounds. In addition, the size of the CD cavity and the choice of solute also have an effect on the separation of substances. The mechanism involved in enantioselective discrimination of the selectively substituted CDs was further investigated by the molecular docking simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300075, China.
| | - Xiaoning Jin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300075, China.
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300075, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300075, China.
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5
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Li W, Huang Y, Xiang Y, Yan X, Li Y, Wu D. Vacuum-assisted thermal bonding of β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463845. [PMID: 36803769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the vacuum-assisted thermal bonding method was proposed for the covalent coupling of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (CD-CSP), hexamethylene diisocyanate cross-linked β-CD (HDI-CSP) and 3, 5-dimethylphenyl isocyanate modified β-CD (DMPI-CSP) onto the isocyanate silane modified silica gel. Under vacuum conditions, the side reaction due to the water residue from the organic solvent, air, reaction vessels and silica gel could be avoided, and the optimal temperature and time of vacuum-assisted thermal bonding method were determined as 160°C and 3 h. These three CSPs were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, elemental analysis and the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The surface coverage of CD-CSP and HDI-CSP on silica gel was determined as ∼0.2 μmol m-2, respectively. The chromatographic performances of these three CSPs were systematically evaluated by separating 7 flavanones, 9 triazoles and 6 chiral alcohols enantiomers under the reversed-phase condition. It was found that the chiral resolution ability of CD-CSP, HDI-CSP and DMPI-CSP was complementary to each other. Among them, CD-CSP could separate all 7 flavanones enantiomers with the resolution of 1.09-2.48. HDI-CSP had a good separation performance for triazoles enantiomers with one chiral center. DMPI-CSP showed excellent separation performance for chiral alcohol enantiomers, among which the resolution of trans-1, 3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-ol reached 12.01. Generally, the vacuum-assisted thermal bonding had been demonstrated as a direct and efficient method for the preparation of chiral stationary phases of β-CD and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yuqian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yanshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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6
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Application of a New Type of 3-Chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin-bonded Silica Particles as Chiral Stationary Phase for Multi-mode HPLC. Chromatographia 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-023-04236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Li L, Jin Y, Jin Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Kou H. A New Benzyl Phenethanolamine-β-Cyclodextrin Bonded Phase: Chiral Chromatography Performance and Application for LC-MS/MS Analysis of Pesticide Enantiomers in Fruits and Vegetables. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1319-1329. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
At present, the research on achiral drug and pesticide residue detection methods is still the mainstay at home and abroad, and there is still a lack of systematic research on the enantiomeric analysis of chiral drugs and pesticides.
Objective
In order to prepare a novel chiral stationary phase, whose “multi-mode” chiral separation chromatographic performance and its utility was verified.
Method
An S-(-)-2-benzylamino-1-phenylethanol mono-derivative β-cyclodextrin bonded stationary phase (BzCSP) was prepared based on the “thiol-ene” addition reaction. The chiral compounds including four types of chiral compounds were used as “probes,” and their chiral chromatographic properties were evaluated. Furthermore, a new LC-MS/MS method for the determination of the enantiomeric residues of three chiral pesticides in five kinds of fruits and vegetables was established.
Results
The study found that the novel stationary phase was suitable for a variety of chromatographic modes (normal phase mode, reversed-phase mode, polar organic mode). The resolutions of hexaconazole (Hex), tebuconazole (Teb), and triticonazole (Trit) enantiomers could be up to 2.31, 1.68, and 1.48, respectively, within 30 min under reversed-phase chromatography. Based on the optimal chromatographic and mass spectrum conditions, a new LC-MS/MS quantitative method for the Hex, Teb, and Trit enantiomers was established by multi-reaction positive ion monitoring (MRM). The detection limits (LODs) of enantiomers were less than 0.89 µg/kg for Hex, 0.93 µg/kg for Teb, and 0.93 µg/kg for Trit, and the averaged recoveries of enantiomers were in the range of 75.8–106.3% for Hex, 77.4–116.3% for Teb, and 78.7–113.4% for Trit. The method had good reproducibility with the RSDs (<5%) for intraday and (<7%) for interday.
Conclusions
The established method had the characteristics of good selectivity, high sensitivity, strong resistance to matrix interference, and good reproducibility. It is indicated that the stationary phase prepared by the “thiol-ene” addition reaction is a new type of multi-mode stationary phase, which has a good development value.
Highlights
The study reported a new method for the rapid preparation of a rare “multi-mode” chiral stationary phase BzCSP based on the “thiol-ene” addition reaction and verified the practicability of BzCSP including good selectivity, high sensitivity, strong resistance to matrix interference, and good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University , No. 1999, Meiling Ave., Honggutan Dist. , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330103, China
| | - Yongjiu Jin
- Physical and Chemical Hygiene Inspection, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention , No. 833, Lijing Rd., Honggutan Dist. , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330038, China
| | - Yanhong Jin
- Physical and Chemical Hygiene Inspection, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention , No. 833, Lijing Rd., Honggutan Dist. , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330038, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University , No. 1999, Meiling Ave., Honggutan Dist. , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330103, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University , No. 1999, Meiling Ave., Honggutan Dist. , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330103, China
| | - Haiqun Kou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University , No. 1999, Meiling Ave., Honggutan Dist. , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330103, China
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8
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Zhong H, Zeng Q, Huang Z, Li L. Preparation and Evaluation of a Ferrocenediamide Bridge bis(β-Cyclodextrin)-Bonded Chiral Stationary Phase for HPLC. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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He X, Ahmed A, Guo S, Kang C, Shen Y, Cong H, Yu B. Preparation and application of urea-based derivatized β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase based on diazotized silica microspheres. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462932. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Li H, Xie W, Zeng L, Li W, Shi B, Lei F. Development and evaluation of a hydrogenated rosin (β-acryloxyl ethyl) ester-bonded silica stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography separation of paclitaxel from yew bark. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462815. [PMID: 35038614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a complex diterpenoid anticancer drug whose separation from yew biomass poses a significant challenge. In this study, a new stationary phase comprising hydrogenated rosin (β-acryloxyl ethyl) ester (HRE)-bonded silica (HRE@SiO2) is developed to separate and purify PTX from crude yew-bark extract using high-performance liquid chromatography. In HRE@SiO2, HRE molecules, which are functional ligands, are bonded to the surface of a silica gel matrix using a coupling agent, (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane. The proposed HRE@SiO2 stationary phase was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction granulometry, and nitrogen gas adsorption. The HRE@SiO2 column exhibited excellent chromatographic performance, satisfactory performance reproducibility, and typical reversed-phase chromatographic behavior. An HRE@SiO2 column was used to separate PTX and its analogs, achieving resolutions exceeding 7.43 for consecutively eluted species. Stoichiometric displacement theory for retention (SDT-R), the van Deemter equation, and van 't Hoff plots were used to analyze the separation mechanism and properties of the HRE@SiO2 column. The results showed that hydrophobic interactions determine the analyte retention and the separation of PTX and its analogs on an HRE@SiO2 column is an exothermic process driven by enthalpy. Furthermore, an HRE@SiO2 column was employed to separate and purify PTX from crude yew-bark extract, increasing PTX purity from 6% to 82%. The findings of this study provide insights for developing rosin-based stationary phases for the separation of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Wenbo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Boan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Fuhou Lei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
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11
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Wang L, Lv W, Han S, Yu Q, Pei D, Xu J, Wang M, Gao G, Lv M. Preparation and chiral resolution properties of bridged bis(cyclodextrin)s hybrid spheres for high performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:845-855. [PMID: 34931462 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Selenium-bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)s organic-inorganic hybrid silica material with regular spherical shape as new type of chiral stationary phase was directly synthesized under the one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method, and the chiral stationary phase was further characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and elemental analysis. The results of chiral separation showed that eight chiral compounds including various types of chiral alcohols and flavanone were successfully separated in the reversed-phase separation mode by high performance liquid chromatography, which showed the better chiral resolution effect than that on the C2 position of single β-cyclodextrin. The mechanism of chiral separation was likely due to multiple interactions such as inclusion, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, dipole-dipole interaction, and the synergistic effect of two cyclodextrins during the chiral resolution process. The synergy of the two cyclodextrins has great potential for development in chiral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Han
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Dong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, P. R. China
| | - Guihua Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, P. R. China
| | - Mei Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, P. R. China
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12
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Qin Y, Wang S, Wen Q, Xia Q, Wang S, Chen G, Sun J, Shen C, Song S. Interactions Between Ephedra sinica and Prunus armeniaca: From Stereoselectivity to Deamination as a Metabolic Detoxification Mechanism of Amygdalin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:744624. [PMID: 34899298 PMCID: PMC8661500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.744624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mahuang–Xingren (MX, Ephedra sinica Stapf-Prunus armeniaca L.) is a classic herb pair used in traditional Chinese medicine. This combined preparation reduces the toxicity of Xingren through the stereoselective metabolism of its main active ingredient amygdalin. However, whether stereoselectivity is important in the pharmacokinetic properties of amygdalin either in the traditional decoction or in the dispensing granules is unclear. Amygdalin is hydrolyzed to its metabolite, prunasin, which produces hydrogen cyanide by degradation of the cyano group. A comprehensive study of the metabolic pathway of amygdalin is essential to better understand the detoxification process. In this article, the potential detoxification pathway of MX is further discussed with regard to herb interactions. In this study, the pharmacokinetic parameters and metabolism of amygdalin and prunasin were investigated by comparing the traditional decoction and the dispensing granule preparations. In addition, several potential metabolites were characterized in an incubation system with rat liver microsomes or gut microbial enzymes. The combination of Xingren with Mahuang reduces exposure to D-amygdalin in vivo and contributes to its detoxification, a process that can be further facilitated in the traditional decoction. From the in vitro co-incubation model, 15 metabolites were identified and classified into cyanogenesis and non-cyanogenesis metabolic pathways, and of these, 10 metabolites were described for the first time. The level of detoxified metabolites in the MX traditional decoction was higher than that in the dispensing granules. The metabolism of amygdalin by the gut microbial enzymes occurred more rapidly than that by the rat liver microsomes. These results indicated that combined boiling both herbs during the preparation of the traditional decoction may induce several chemical changes that will influence drug metabolism in vivo. The gut microbiota may play a critical role in amygdalin metabolism. In conclusion, detoxification of MX may result 1) during the preparation of the decoction, in the boiling phase, and 2) from the metabolic pathways activated in vivo. Stereoselective pharmacokinetics and deamination metabolism have been proposed as the detoxification pathway underlying the compatibility of MX. Metabolic detoxification of amygdalin was quite different between the two combinations, which indicates that the MX decoctions should not be completely replaced by their dispensing granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyu Wen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Xia
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiayin Sun
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenlin Shen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Hefei Kaifan Analytical Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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13
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Zhang N, Guo S, Gong B. Preparation of a novel bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) chiral stationary phase by thiol-ene click chemistry for enhanced enantioseparation in HPLC. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35754-35764. [PMID: 35492805 PMCID: PMC9043236 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) ligand was firstly synthesized via a thiol–ene click chemistry reaction between allyl-ureido-β-cyclodextrin and 4-4′-thiobisthiophenol, which was then bonded onto a 5 μm spherical silica gel to obtain a novel bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) chiral stationary phase (HTCDP). The structures of HTCDP and the bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin) ligand were characterized by the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectra spectrum, scanning electron microscope, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, infrared spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The performance of HTCDP in enantioseparation was systematically examined by separating 21 chiral compounds, including 8 flavanones, 8 triazole pesticides and 5 other common chiral drugs (benzoin, praziquantel, 1-1′-bi-2-naphthol, Tröger's base and bicalutamide) in the reversed-phase chromatographic mode. By optimizing the chromatographic conditions such as formic acid content, mobile phase composition, pH values and column temperature, 19 analytes were completely separated with high resolution (1.50–4.48), in which the enantiomeric resolution of silymarin, 4-hydroxyflavanone, 2-hydroxyflavanone and flavanone were up to 4.34, 4.48, 3.89 and 3.06 within 35 min, respectively. Compared to the native β-CD chiral stationary phase (CDCSP), HTCDP had superior enantiomer separation and chiral recognition abilities. For example, HTCDP completely separated 5 other common chiral drugs, 2 flavanones and 3 triazole pesticides that CDCSP failed to separate. Unlike CDCSP, which has a small cavity (0.65 nm), the two cavities in HTCDP joined by the aryl connector could synergistically accommodate relatively bulky chiral analytes. Thus, HTCDP may have a broader prospect in enantiomeric separation, analysis and detection. Separation of chiral compounds on HTCDP.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University No. 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Siyu Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University No. 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Bolin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University No. 204 Wenchang North Street, Xixia District Yinchuan 750021 China
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14
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Li Q, Li Z, Fu Y, Clarot I, Boudier A, Chen Z. Room-temperature growth of covalent organic frameworks as the stationary phase for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. Analyst 2021; 146:6643-6649. [PMID: 34591047 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous materials with high surface area, high porosity, good stability and tunable structure that have been widely used in the separation area. In this work, we have proposed the in situ synthesis of a novel COF composed of 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)trianiline (Tz) and 1,4-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (Da) onto the capillary inner surface for electrochromatographic separation. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis (EA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have facilitated the characterization of the prepared capillary columns. The COF (TzDa) modified OT-CEC column exhibited satisfactory separation selectivity towards neutral compounds (such as chlorobenzenes and alkylbenzenes), acidic and basic compounds (such as phenols and anilines), food additives (vanillin and its analogues) and small biomolecules (such as amino acids and polypeptides). Furthermore, the TzDa modified capillary was quite stable and reproducible. The relative standard deviations for retention times of the test analytes (alkylbenzenes) were as follows: for intra-day (n = 3) runs (≤1.74%), inter-day (n = 3) runs (≤2.25%) and between columns (n = 3) (≤4.83%). This new type of COF-based stationary phase has tremendous potential in separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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15
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Fan X, Cao L, Geng L, Ma Y, Wei Y, Wang Y. Polysaccharides as separation media for the separation of proteins, peptides and stereoisomers of amino acids. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:616-638. [PMID: 34242648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reliable separation of peptides, amino acids and proteins as accurate as possible with the maximum conformation and biological activity is crucial and essential for drug discovery. Polysaccharide, as one of the most abundant natural biopolymers with optical activity on earth, is easy to be functionalized due to lots of hydroxyl groups on glucose units. Over the last few decades, polysaccharide derivatives are gradually employed as effective separation media. The highly-ordered helical structure contributes to complex, diverse molecular recognition ability, allowing polysaccharide derivatives to selectively interact with different analytes. This article reviews the development, application and prospects of polysaccharides as separation media in the separation of proteins, peptides and amino acids in recent years. The chiral molecules mechanism, advantages, limitations, development status and challenges faced by polysaccharides as separation media in molecular recognition are summarized. Meanwhile, the direction of its continued development and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Lilong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Linna Geng
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yalu Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
| | - Yuping Wei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
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16
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Li J, Sun Y, Liu L, Zhao H, Zhao W, He L, Zhang S. Fabrication and evaluation of tetraazahexaphenylmacrocycle-bonded stationary phase with multiple retention mechanisms. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462296. [PMID: 34144400 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 34-membered tetraazahexaphenylmacrocycle (N4Ph6) with a rigid π-conjugated moiety was chemically bonded to silica gel with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as the coupling agent to prepare a novel SiO2@N4Ph6 stationary phase. Several common organic analytes, including alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, anilines, phenols, phthalates, and folic acid, were selected as probes to investigate its chromatographic performance. The as-developed SiO2@N4Ph6 stationary phase showed superiority retention and high selectivity for probe molecules through multiple interactions, including hydrophobic, π-π, hydrogen-bonding, and steric interactions. Density functional theory calculation results using folic acid as model solute provided an intuitive and a quantitative description of the multiple retention mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Accurate Separation and Analysis for Complex Matrix of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Longhui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Accurate Separation and Analysis for Complex Matrix of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lijun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Accurate Separation and Analysis for Complex Matrix of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Center for Modern Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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17
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Facile preparation of ethanediamine-β-cyclodextrin modified capillary column for electrochromatographic enantioseparation of Dansyl amino acids. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462082. [PMID: 33780884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the fabrication of a fascinating multifunctional cyclodextrin (CD) chiral stationary phase and its chiral separation performance in capillary electrochromatography are proposed. A facile interfacial polymerization was used to anchor ethanediamine-β-cyclodextrin (EDA-β-CD) polymerized with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) and to form the chiral stationary phase (CSP) composite onto the surface wall of the capillary. The characters of prepared columns were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). This novel CSP offers multi-typical interactions including hydrogen bonding, π-interaction, hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction as well as steric effects which contribute to prominent chiral recognition for Dansyl-DL-amino acids in CEC modes. The EDA-β-CD modified column showed eminent enantioseparation performance towards five Dansyl-DL-amino acids (the DL-forms of valine, threonine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine). Besides, the prepared columns were perfectly reproducible and stable. The relative standard deviations of the enantiomer retention times for intra-day (n = 5), inter-day (n = 3) runs and column-to-columns (n = 3) are below 0.54%, 1.35% and 4.89%, individually. This innovative chiral stationary phase shows a broader application view and scope in chiral recognition domain.
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18
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Zhao Y, Zhu X, Jiang W, Liu H, Sun B. Chiral Recognition for Chromatography and Membrane-Based Separations: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Molecules 2021; 26:1145. [PMID: 33669919 PMCID: PMC7924630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of global industry and increasingly frequent product circulation, the separation and detection of chiral drugs/pesticides are becoming increasingly important. The chiral nature of substances can result in harm to the human body, and the selective endocrine-disrupting effect of drug enantiomers is caused by differential enantiospecific binding to receptors. This review is devoted to the specific recognition and resolution of chiral molecules by chromatography and membrane-based enantioseparation techniques. Chromatographic enantiomer separations with chiral stationary phase (CSP)-based columns and membrane-based enantiomer filtration are detailed. In addition, the unique properties of these chiral resolution methods have been summarized for practical applications in the chemistry, environment, biology, medicine, and food industries. We further discussed the recognition mechanism in analytical enantioseparations and analyzed recent developments and future prospects of chromatographic and membrane-based enantioseparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huilin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (W.J.); (B.S.)
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19
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Huang Y, Garcia-Bennett AE. Equilibrium and Kinetic Study of l- and d-Valine Adsorption in Supramolecular-Templated Chiral Mesoporous Materials. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020338. [PMID: 33440748 PMCID: PMC7827360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorption kinetic studies are conducted to investigate the potential to use chiral mesoporous materials nanoporous guanosine monophosphate material-1 (NGM-1) and nanoporous folic acid material-1 (NFM-1) for the enantiomeric separation of l- and d-valine. A pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model is applied to test the experimental adsorption equilibrium isotherms, according to both the Langmuir and Freundlich models and the characteristic parameters for each model are determined. The calcined versions of both NGM-1 and NFM-1 fit the Langmuir model with maximum sorption capacities of 0.36 and 0.26 g/g for the preferred adsorption enantiomers, d-valine and l-valine, respectively. Experimental results and the analysis of adsorption models suggest a strong adsorbate–adsorbent interaction, and the formation of a monolayer of tightly packed amino acid on the internal mesopore surface for the preferred enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Huang
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Alfonso E. Garcia-Bennett
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Centre for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence:
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20
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Wu F, Gu L, Dai X, Yang S, Xu F, Fang X, Yu S, Ding CF. Direct and simultaneous recognition of the positional isomers of aminobenzenesulfonic acid by TIMS-TOF-MS. Talanta 2021; 226:122085. [PMID: 33676646 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Positional isomer recognition is a challenging scientific issue. Fast and accurate detection of isomers is required for understanding their chemical properties. Here, we describe a method for simultaneous recognition of three positional isomers of 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (2-ABSA), 3-ABSA, and 4-ABSA using trapped ion mobility spectroscopy-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TIMS-TOF-MS). The three ABSA positional isomers were recognized by measuring the different ion mobility of the ternary complexes of [β-cyclodextrin (CD)+ABSA + Li]+ or [λ-CD + ABSA + Na]+, because their different collision cross-sections or different spatial conformations. The collision-induced dissociation mechanism of the different complexes of [β-CD + ABSA + Li]+ and [λ-CD + ABSA + Na]+ using tandem mass spectrometry exhibited the same dissociation process with slightly different dissociation energies, which the smaller cross-section requires higher collision energy that means the smaller complex with tighter and more stable conformation than a larger complex for the ABSA complexes. In addition, relative quantification of the ABSA isomers was studied by measuring any two of the three ABSA isomer complexes at different molar ratio of 10:1 to 1:10 in the μM range, good linearity (R2 > 0.99) with precision between 2.14% and 2.58%, and accuracy ≥ 97.1% were obtained. The method for fast determination and recognition of ABSA positional isomers by combination with CD and alkali metal ions possesses the advantages of being simple, direct, rapid, sensitive, cost-effective, and needs no chemical derivatives or chromatographic separation before analysis. Therefore, the proposed method would be a powerful tool for the analysis of ABSA isomers or even other positional isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Liancheng Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shutong Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Fuxing Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shaoning Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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21
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Simultaneous enantiomeric determination of multiple triazole fungicides in fruits and vegetables by chiral liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry on a bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)-bonded chiral stationary phase. Food Chem 2020; 345:128842. [PMID: 33340898 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of twelve triazole enantiomers (hexaconazole, tebuconazole, triticonazole, flutriafol, diniconazole, paclobutrazol) in six fruits and vegetables was established based on a stable and self-made bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)-bonded chiral stationary phase. Simultaneous enantio-separation of multiple analytes was achieved with resolution ca. 1.67-2.14. Magnetically assisted QuECHERS was used to simplify and optimize sample pre-treatment. The new method was validated (accuracy, precision, matrix effect, etc.). Good linearity (0.5-20 μg/L, R2 > 0.99) and high recoveries (76.1-103.4%) based on intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSDs) (2.6-11.9%), were obtained. Furthermore, a total of 90 samples were analyzed using this method and enantiomeric fractions (EF) for tebuconazole in strawberry and cucumber (0.63 and 0.43, respectively) were determined as well as 0.57 for flutriafol in tomato. This high-throughput detection method supported a convenient enantiomeric monitoring for chiral pesticides in fruits and vegetables.
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22
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Li Z, Mao Z, Zhou W, Chen Z. γ-Cyclodextrin metal-organic framework supported by polydopamine as stationary phases for electrochromatographic enantioseparation. Talanta 2020; 218:121160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Lee JU, Lee SS, Lee S, Oh HB. Noncovalent Complexes of Cyclodextrin with Small Organic Molecules: Applications and Insights into Host-Guest Interactions in the Gas Phase and Condensed Phase. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184048. [PMID: 32899713 PMCID: PMC7571109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) have drawn a lot of attention from the scientific communities as a model system for host–guest chemistry and also due to its variety of applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, textile, separation science, and essential oil industries. The formation of the inclusion complexes enables these applications in the condensed phases, which have been confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and other methodologies. The advent of soft ionization techniques that can transfer the solution-phase noncovalent complexes to the gas phase has allowed for extensive examination of these complexes and provides valuable insight into the principles governing the formation of gaseous noncovalent complexes. As for the CDs’ host–guest chemistry in the gas phase, there has been a controversial issue as to whether noncovalent complexes are inclusion conformers reflecting the solution-phase structure of the complex or not. In this review, the basic principles governing CD’s host–guest complex formation will be described. Applications and structures of CDs in the condensed phases will also be presented. More importantly, the experimental and theoretical evidence supporting the two opposing views for the CD–guest structures in the gas phase will be intensively reviewed. These include data obtained via mass spectrometry, ion mobility measurements, infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-ung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
| | - Sung-Sik Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea;
| | - Sungyul Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (H.B.O.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2423 (S.L.); +82-2-705-8444 (H.B.O.)
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (H.B.O.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2423 (S.L.); +82-2-705-8444 (H.B.O.)
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24
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Zhu L, Zhu J, Sun X, Wu Y, Wang H, Cheng L, Shen J, Ke Y. Novel chiral stationary phases based on 3,5-dimethyl phenylcarbamoylated β-cyclodextrin combining cinchona alkaloid moiety. Chirality 2020; 32:1080-1090. [PMID: 32383525 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Novel chiral selectors based on 3,5-dimethyl phenylcarbamoylated β-cyclodextrin connecting quinine (QN) or quinidine (QD) moiety were synthesized and immobilized on silica gel. Their chromatographic performances were investigated by comparing to the 3,5-dimethyl phenylcarbamoylated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) chiral stationary phase (CSP) and 9-O-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-QN-based CSP (QN-AX). Fmoc-protected amino acids, chiral drug cloprostenol (which has been successfully employed in veterinary medicine), and neutral chiral analytes were evaluated on CSPs, and the results showed that the novel CSPs characterized as both enantioseparation capabilities of CD-based CSP and QN/QD-based CSPs have broader application range than β-CD-based CSP or QN/QD-based CSPs. It was found that QN/QD moieties play a dominant role in the overall enantioseparation process of Fmoc-amino acids accompanied by the synergistic effect of β-CD moiety, which lead to the different enantioseparation of β-CD-QN-based CSP and β-CD-QD-based CSP. Furthermore, new CSPs retain extraordinary enantioseparation of cyclodextrin-based CSP for some neutral analytes on normal phase and even exhibit better enantioseparation than the corresponding β-CD-based CSP for certain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunan Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junchen Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaling Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingping Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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25
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Shuang Y, Cao Z, Zhang T, Li L. Enantiomeric Separation of Chiral Triazole Pesticides by a mono-6-(4-Nitrophenyl)-ureido-β-cyclodextrin-Bonded Stationary Phase Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1745821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Shuang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhigang Cao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Shuang Y, Zhang T, Li L. Preparation of a stilbene diamido-bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)-bonded chiral stationary phase for enantioseparations of drugs and pesticides by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1614:460702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Wang H, Shuang Y, Zhang T, Li L, Li L. Preparation and Evaluation of a Cholesterol Derivatized β-Cyclodextrin-bonded Phase for Achiral and Chiral HPLC. ANAL SCI 2019; 36:687-695. [PMID: 31866607 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A cholesterol mono-derivatized β-cyclodextrin was synthesized and bonded onto silica gel (SBA-15) to obtain a cholesterol mono-derivatized β-cyclodextrin-bonded stationary phase (CHCDP). The chemical structures of mono-derivatized β-cyclodextrin and CHCDP were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, correspondingly. Furthermore, the separation ability of CHCDP in terms of achiral compounds was systematically evaluated by separating benzene homologs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some positional isomers. As a result, CHCDP completely separated five benzene homologs and nine PAHs within 30 min under the reversed-phase. In addition, the chiral chromatographic property of CHCDP was also evaluated by separating some racemic compounds including flavanones, triazoles, β-blockers, etc. The results showed that the CHCDP exhibited high enantioselectivities towards most of selected analytes. The enantioresolutions were in the range from 1.43 to 2.51 on CHCDP. Especially the resolutions of 2'-hydroxyflavanone, hexaconazole, Dns-serine and atenolol were as high as 1.94, 1.91, 2.15 and 1.57, respectively. Obviously, the CHCDP was a versatile stationary phase with chiral and achiral separation capabilities in multi-mode chromatography, which was related to the introduction of cholesterol to the port of cyclodextrin, enhancing the hydrophobic interaction of cyclodextrin with achiral compounds, while maintaining the inclusion complexation of it with chiral compounds as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University
| | | | | | - Liang Li
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University
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Shuang Y, Liao Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Li L. Preparation and evaluation of a triazole-bridged bis(β-cyclodextrin)-bonded chiral stationary phase for HPLC. Chirality 2019; 32:168-184. [PMID: 31749196 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Shuang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuqin Liao
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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29
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Li X, Meng C, Meng Y, Gu L, Chen Q, Liu H. Amino acid modified molecular sieves with different pore size for chiral separation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Enantioseparation by HPLC Using an Inorganic Chiral Mesoporous Silica with Highly-ordered Structure. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Yu RB, Quirino JP. Chiral liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography: Trends from 2017 to 2018. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Li L, Wang H, Shuang Y, Li L. The preparation of a new 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamated cellulose-bonded stationary phase and its application for the enantioseparation and determination of chiral fungicides by LC-MS/MS. Talanta 2019; 202:494-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Gu L, Chen Q, Li X, Meng C, Liu H. Amino acid modified carbon nanotubes with optimal pore size for chiral separation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2019.1630737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qibin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Preparation of a new benzylureido-β-cyclodextrin-based column and its application for the determination of phenylmercapturic acid and benzylmercapturic acid enantiomers in human urine by LC/MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5465-5479. [PMID: 31177331 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A benzylureido-β-cyclodextrin was synthesized by the reaction of 6-amino-β-cyclodextrin with an active benzyl isocyanate. Then, it was bonded to silica gel by a thiol-ene addition reaction, obtaining a new benzylureido-β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase (BzCDP). Its chemical structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The BzCDP was successfully used to separate phenylmercapturic acid (PMA) and benzylmercapturic acid (BMA) enantiomers, which were confirmed as biomarkers of exposure to benzene and toluene in human urine. The enantiomeric separations were also optimized through the investigation of related factors. The resolutions of PMA and BMA enantiomers could be up to 2.25 and 2.14, respectively, within 30 min under reversed-phase chromatography. Based on the optimal chromatographic and mass spectrometry conditions, a new LC-MS/MS quantitative method for the PMA and BMA enantiomers was established by negative ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and an isotope-labeled PMA (d2-PMA) as an internal standard. The limits of detection (LODs) of enantiomers were less than 0.17 μg/L for PMA and 0.14 μg/L for BMA, and the averaged recoveries of enantiomers were in the range of 86~100% for PMA and 86~113% for BMA. The method had good reproducibility levels with the RSDs (3.5~11.3% for intra-day and 3.9~13.1% for inter-day). The method was successfully applied to urine testing of 60 painting and printing workers. The results showed that only L-PMA was detected in the urine of the Printers, while a high content of L-PMA (27.5~106 μg/L) and D-PMA (19.9~82.8 μg/L) can be detected simultaneously in the urine of the Painters, indicating that benzene pollution was more serious in this group. The positive rate of BMA was rather higher, indicating that toluene pollution was more common than benzene. BMA also existed in the form of two enantiomers (L-BMA and D-BMA), but the difference between the two types of occupational groups was small. It is a meaningful work to deeply study the existence and content of chiral markers in human urine, which will help to better understand and evaluate the harmful effects of benzene series on human beings. Graphical abstract.
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35
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Zhu YL, Peng ZB, Chen ZP, Wang JK, Shi CX, Chen Y, Yu RQ. Quantification of enantiomers by mass spectrometry based on chemical derivatization and spectral shape deformation quantitative theory. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2019; 54:250-257. [PMID: 30672064 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile mass spectrometric kinetic method for quantitative analysis of chiral compounds was developed by integrating mass spectrometry based on chemical derivatization and the spectral shape deformation quantitative theory. Chemical derivatization was employed to introduce diastereomeric environments to the chiral compounds of interest, resulting in different abundance distribution patterns of fragment ions of the derivatization products of enantiomers in mass spectrometry. The quantitative information of the chiral compounds of interest was extracted from complex mass spectral data by an advanced calibration model derived based on the spectral shape deformation quantitative theory. The performance of the proposed method was tested on the quantitative analysis of R-propranolol in propranolol tablets. Experimental results demonstrated that it could achieve accurate and precise concentration ratio predictions for R-propranolol with an average relative predictive error (ARPE) of about 4%, considerably better than the corresponding results of the mass spectrometric method based on chemical derivatization and the univariate ratiometric model (ARPE: about 12%). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the proposed method for the concentration ratio of R-propranolol were estimated to be 1.5% and 6.0%, respectively. The proposed method is complementary to the existing methods designed for the quantification of enantiomers such as the Cooks kinetic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Zu-Bin Peng
- Forensic Science Branch of Changsha Railway Public Security Bureau, No. 19, Shuguang North Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, 410001, China
| | - Zeng-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Ji-Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Cai-Xia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Hunan Key Lab of Biomedical Materials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412008, China
| | - Ru-Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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Teixeira J, Tiritan ME, Pinto MMM, Fernandes C. Chiral Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography: Recent Developments. Molecules 2019; 24:E865. [PMID: 30823495 PMCID: PMC6429359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The planning and development of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for liquid chromatography (LC) are considered as continuous and evolutionary issues since the introduction of the first CSP in 1938. The main objectives of the development strategies were to attempt the improvement of the chromatographic enantioresolution performance of the CSPs as well as enlarge their versatility and range of applications. Additionally, the transition to ultra-high-performance LC were underscored. The most recent strategies have comprised the introduction of new chiral selectors, the use of new materials as chromatographic supports or the reduction of its particle size, and the application of different synthetic approaches for preparation of CSPs. This review gathered the most recent developments associated to the different types of CSPs providing an overview of the relevant advances that are arising on LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Teixeira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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37
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Ma S, Wang Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Ou J, Wei Y, Ye M. One-step fabrication of cinchona-based hybrid monolithic chiral stationary phases via photo-initiated thiol-ene polymerization for cLC enantioseparation. Talanta 2019; 198:432-439. [PMID: 30876583 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although various click polymerization reactions (thiol-ene, thiol-yne, thiol-Michael, thiol-epoxy and amine-epoxy) have been utilized to prepare either hybrid or organic monolithic columns with homogeneous network structures, there were few reports on fabrication of monolithic CSPs via click polymerization. Herein, a fast and robust approach was explored to fabricate cinchona-based monolithic hybrid CSPs via photo-initiated thiol-ene polymerization within 10 min in one step. A self-synthesized octakis(3-mercaptopropyl) octasilsesquioxane (POSS-SH) was polymerized with phenylisocyanate cinchonidine (PCD) and (+)-N,N'-diallyl-L-tartardiamide (DATDA) or 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane (TVCH). The resulting two kinds of as-synthesized monolithic CSPs, poly(POSS-co-DATDA-co-PCD) and poly(POSS-co-TVCH-co-PCD), were evaluated for cLC enantioseparation of acidic racemates. It was found that they exhibited different enantioseparation ability due to using different multivinyl crosslinkers. The influence of ACN content in mobile phase on the enantioseparation of acidic racemates was investigated. The separation mechanism was also discussed on the basis of a comparison of enantioseparation on two kinds of hybrid monolithic CSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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38
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Jin X, Li X, Wang Y. Click regulation of cyclodextrin primary face for the preparation of novel chiral stationary phases. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1978-1985. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Chengde Petroleum College; Chengde Hebei P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tianjin University; Tianjin P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin P. R. China
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39
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Folprechtová D, Kalíková K, Kozlík P, Tesařová E. The degree of substitution affects the enantioselectivity of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1972-1977. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Folprechtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tesařová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
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40
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Li Y, Tang Y, Qin S, Li X, Dai Q, Gao L. Preparation and characterization of a new open‐tubular capillary column for enantioseparation by capillary electrochromatography. Chirality 2019; 31:283-292. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar PR China
| | - Yimin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar PR China
| | - Shili Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar PR China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar PR China
| | - Qiang Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar PR China
| | - Lidi Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQiqihar University Qiqihar PR China
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41
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Meng M, Ma M, Yi J, Xu L, Yin X, Gu Q, Yin J, Du L, Zhu X, Zhou X, Wei Q, Gong Y. Preparation and evaluation of partially-substituted 3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate-β-cyclodextrin bonded silica particles as chiral stationary phase for multi-mode HPLC. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Mingxuan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Jingxuan Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Lu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Qinglong Gu
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging; KK Women's and Children's Hospital; Singapore
| | - Jiale Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Lei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Qunli Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou P. R. China
| | - Yinhan Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical University; Xuzhou P. R. China
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Abstract
As one of the commonly used chiral separation materials, cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phases (CD-CSP) have been developed rapidly in the past 30 years. A large number of CD-CSPs have been designed and applied for enantioseparation in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The development of novel CD-CSPs focuses on two aspects: the immobilization chemistry and the functionalization of the CD skeleton. Although such studies are not regarded as the prime research topic in analytical chemistry, there are still many recent works pushing this research forward tardily. In this chapter, the fabrication procedure of a triazole-bridged duplex CD-CSP and its application to HPLC enantioseparations is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chengde Petroleum College, Chengde, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Yu B, Zhang S, Li G, Cong H. Light-assisted preparation of vancomycin chiral stationary phase based on diazotized silica and its enantioseparation evaluation by high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2018; 182:171-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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44
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Zhou J, Yang B, Tang J, Tang W. A cationic cyclodextrin clicked bilayer chiral stationary phase for versatile chiral separation in HPLC. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cationic cyclodextrin (CD) clicked bilayer chiral stationary phase (CSP) was developed via click chemistry for chiral separations in multimode high-performance chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Weihua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
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45
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Lin C, Fan J, Liu W, Chen X, Ruan L, Zhang W. A new single-urea-bound 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamoylated β-cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase and its enhanced separation performance in normal-phase liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:348-355. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lin
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- School of Logistics; Beijing Normal University; Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai P. R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wenna Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Yanjie Pharmatech Co. Ltd.; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lijun Ruan
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
- Guangdong Yanjie Pharmatech Co. Ltd.; Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment; South China Normal University; Guangzhou P. R. China
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