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Wang X, Zhu T, Wang X, Peng H, Zhou G, Peng J. Preparation of two zwitterionic polymer functionalized stationary phases and comparative evaluation under mixed-mode of reversed phase/ hydrophilic interaction/ion exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1714:464586. [PMID: 38118242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterions are a promising choice to prepare separation materials because of their hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. We described the preparation of two zwitterionic polymer functionalized stationary phases and evaluation under mixed-mode chromatography. A zwitterionic monomer, S-(4-vinylbenzyl) cysteine (SVC), was synthesized and bonded to silica via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to afford a zwitterionic stationary phase, Sil-SVC. A hydrophobic monomer, N-(4-phenylbutan-2-yl) acrylamide (NPA), was copolymerized with SVC onto the stationary phase (Sil-SVCNPA) for comparison. The stationary phases were characterized with FT-IR, TGA, EA, and zeta-potential measurements. Mobile phase composition (ACN content, pH and salt concentration) was varied to study the retention property. Linear solvation energy relationship and Van't Hoff plot were used to investigate the retention mechanism and how chromatographic conditions influenced it. Both stationary phases showed a mixed-mode of RPLC/HILIC/IEC and satisfactory performance in separating hydrophobic analytes (alkylbenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), hydrophilic nucleotide and bases, and anions, high column efficiency of 60,000 plates·m-1 was achieved. In summary, zwitterionic polymers are attractive options to prepare stationary phases and the retention property can be easily regulated by copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Tianrun Zhu
- Chengdu University of Technology, Yibin 644000, PR China
| | - Xingrui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Huanjun Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Jingdong Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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2
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Wei W, Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Tang S. Facile synthesis of a novel polymer/covalent organic framework@silica composite material in deep eutectic solvent for mixed-mode liquid chromatographic separation. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:35. [PMID: 38108891 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The solvothermal synthesis of covalent organic framework (COF) modified silica gel usually requires the use of harmful organic solvents, tedious steps, and harsh reaction conditions. In pursuit of green chemistry, a new strategy for the facile preparation of COF@SiO2 composite material was realized in this work by using a low-toxicity and low-cost deep eutectic solvent as the reaction medium. Additionally, a flexible polyacrylic acid (PAA) was introduced for the purpose of improving the hydrophilic selectivity and separation efficiency of COF@SiO2. Based on the above ideas, a novel PAA/COF@SiO2 composite was successfully developed as a liquid chromatographic packing material. Performance evaluation of the slurry-packed PAA/COF@SiO2 column showed that diverse types of analytes were effectively separated, and the retention behavior of polar nucleosides showed a U-shaped trend, indicating mixed-mode of hydrophobic/hydrophilic retention mechanisms. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the separation mechanism was largely independent of temperature. This work verifies the feasibility of synthesizing polymer/COF@SiO2 composite material in the deep eutectic solvent. This strategy provides a theoretical reference for the green and facile preparation of COF@SiO2 as an efficient liquid chromatographic stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjiao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuefei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
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3
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Kamal El-Deen A, Abdallah N, Elmansi H, Belal F, Magdy G. Applications of deep eutectic solvents in microextraction and chromatographic separation techniques: Latest developments, challenges, and prospects. Talanta 2023; 265:124813. [PMID: 37321162 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently sparked considerable attention in a variety of scientific and technological fields. The unique properties of DESs include biodegradability, easy preparation, low cost, and tuneability, rendering them a new and prospective alternative to hazardous solvents. Analytical chemistry is one of the most appealing fields where DESs proved to be applicable in either sample preparation or chromatographic separation. This review summarizes the new horizons dedicated to the application of DESs in microextraction and chromatographic separation. The utilization of DESs in microextraction, in chromatography as mobile phase additives, and in chromatographic material preparation processes is outlined. The enhancements in chromatographic performance achieved using DESs and any potential explanations deduced from the experimental findings were primarily discussed. An additional brief discussion on DESs preparation, characterization, and properties is addressed in this work. Finally, current challenges and future trends are also presented, supplying evidence for distinct possibilities regarding new research approaches involving DESs. This review can represent a guide and stimulate further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Kamal El-Deen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nora Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Heba Elmansi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Galal Magdy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33511, Egypt
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4
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Luo K, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Tang S. Chitosan/polyacrylic acid/octadecene double-crosslinked network hydrogel functionalized porous silica microspheres for multimode liquid chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464390. [PMID: 37741220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan (CS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were used to construct a double-crosslinked network hydrogel, which was employed as the functional material for silica microspheres to prepare a CS/PAA hydrogel modified liquid chromatographic stationary phase. During preparation, octadecene (ODE) was introduced into the CS/PAA hydrogel to improve its hydrophobicity and separation ability. The electrostatic interaction between the amino group of CS and the carboxyl group of PAA effectively prevented the swelling of the CS/PAA hydrogel, which ensured the successful application of the obtained CS/PAA hydrogel@SiO2 in chromatographic analysis. Polar nucleosides/bases and B-vitamins were selectively separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alkylphenols were effectively separated through reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Moreover, the effective separation of aromatic positional isomers and chiral enantiomers was achieved. This study confirms the potential application of the CS/PAA hydrogel in chromatographic separation. What is noteworthy is that the method developed in this study also provides a feasible strategy to solve the swelling issue associated with the hydrogel-based liquid chromatographic stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixing Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yaya Gao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yuefei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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5
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Luo P, Peng J, Peng H, Zhang Z, Chen J, Fan K, Wang X. Preparation of three regioisomeric ionic liquid stationary phases and investigation of their retention behavior. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1689:463773. [PMID: 36628808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The structural properties of ionic liquid stationary phases have a considerable effect on their separation selectivity. However, the difference of the chromatographic retention behavior of different regioisomeric ionic liquid stationary phases has rarely been investigated. In this study, three regioisomeric ionic liquid silane reagents were prepared by photoinitiated ene-click chemistry and bonded to silica by one-pot method to fabricate three new stationary phases (Sil-C2Im-C8, Sil-C6Im-C4, and Sil-C9Im-C1). All three stationary phases showed promising retention repeatability and efficiency. The retention behavior of the three stationary phases was investigated under various chromatographic conditions. The retention mechanism was further investigated by the linear energy solvation relationship and Van't Hoff plots. The stationary phases exhibited mixed-mode retention mechanisms. The π-π, hydrogen bonding, ion-exchange, and hydrophilic interactions with analytes were the weakest when the imidazole ions were embedded in the innermost part of the alkyl chains, while the interactions were the strongest when the imidazole ions were embedded in the middle of the alkyl chains. The three stationary phases provided great but different separation performances towards nucleosides, nucleobases, aromatic acids, alkyl benzenes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons due to the influence of imidazole ion position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jingdong Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Huanjun Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kun Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engieering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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6
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Ahmer MF, Ullah Q. Development and applications of deep eutectic solvents in different chromatographic techniques. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-022-00216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Luo K, Luo Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Bai Z, Tang S. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic selectivity of a multifunctional carbonyldiimidazolium/dodecyl modified silica stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Momotko M, Łuczak J, Przyjazny A, Boczkaj G. A natural deep eutectic solvent - protonated L-proline-xylitol - based stationary phase for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Li H, Xie W, Zeng L, Li W, Shi B, Lei F. Development and evaluation of a hydrogenated rosin (β-acryloxyl ethyl) ester-bonded silica stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography separation of paclitaxel from yew bark. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462815. [PMID: 35038614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a complex diterpenoid anticancer drug whose separation from yew biomass poses a significant challenge. In this study, a new stationary phase comprising hydrogenated rosin (β-acryloxyl ethyl) ester (HRE)-bonded silica (HRE@SiO2) is developed to separate and purify PTX from crude yew-bark extract using high-performance liquid chromatography. In HRE@SiO2, HRE molecules, which are functional ligands, are bonded to the surface of a silica gel matrix using a coupling agent, (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane. The proposed HRE@SiO2 stationary phase was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction granulometry, and nitrogen gas adsorption. The HRE@SiO2 column exhibited excellent chromatographic performance, satisfactory performance reproducibility, and typical reversed-phase chromatographic behavior. An HRE@SiO2 column was used to separate PTX and its analogs, achieving resolutions exceeding 7.43 for consecutively eluted species. Stoichiometric displacement theory for retention (SDT-R), the van Deemter equation, and van 't Hoff plots were used to analyze the separation mechanism and properties of the HRE@SiO2 column. The results showed that hydrophobic interactions determine the analyte retention and the separation of PTX and its analogs on an HRE@SiO2 column is an exothermic process driven by enthalpy. Furthermore, an HRE@SiO2 column was employed to separate and purify PTX from crude yew-bark extract, increasing PTX purity from 6% to 82%. The findings of this study provide insights for developing rosin-based stationary phases for the separation of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Wenbo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Boan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Fuhou Lei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China.
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10
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Wu Y, Luo K, Liu Y, Chen W, Bai Z, Tang S. Innovative preparation of ureido/dodecyl dual-functionalized silica as a versatile mixed-mode stationary phase for high-resolution chromatographic separations. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Li Z, Yang B. Preparation and evaluation of a polymer-based sulfobetaine zwitterionic stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462229. [PMID: 34038779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a polymer-based sulfobetaine zwitterionic stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). It was prepared by grafting acrylamide-type sulfobetaine monomer instead of common methacrylate-type sulfobetaine onto hydrolysed poly (glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene) (GMA-DVB) microspheres via pendant double bonds of DVB. The phase has been characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron micrograph and N2 adsorption-desorption experiment. It shows wider pH tolerance range (from 2 to 12) and excellent separation ability towards common strong polar analytes such as nucleosides and nucleic bases, water-soluble vitamins, amino acids, inorganic anions and cations. Notably, it exhibits negligible baseline noise level (~0.15 pA) under typical HILIC mobile phase. Excellent selectivity in separation of α- and β-anomers of reducing sugars and lactose/lactulose has also been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zongying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong RD, Shanghai 200237, China.
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12
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Płotka-Wasylka J, Rutkowska M, de la Guardia M. Are deep eutectic solvents useful in chromatography? A short review. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461918. [PMID: 33540182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A literature update has been done concerning Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) use in chromatography applications. The literature survey was based on the period from 2010 till 2020 and manuscripts reported in the data bases Web of Science and Scopus. The use of DES as mobile phase and mobile phase additives, stationary phases and solid phase modifiers and the use of DES as reaction solvents for chromatography use, were evaluated. Emphasis was placed on the differentiation of DES and Ionic Liquids (ILs) and the advanced green characteristics of the new solvents as compared with traditional organic solvents and ILs with a look into the drawbacks and future perspectives in the field of separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, PL-80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, PL-80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
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13
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Development and applications of deep eutectic solvent derived functional materials in chromatographic separation. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:1098-1121. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Zhou H, Chen J, Li H, Quan K, Zhang Y, Qiu H. Imidazolium ionic liquid-enhanced poly(quinine)-modified silica as a new multi-mode chromatographic stationary phase for separation of achiral and chiral compounds. Talanta 2020; 211:120743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Song L, Zhang H, Chen J, Li Z, Guan M, Qiu H. Imidazolium ionic liquids-derived carbon dots-modified silica stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Talanta 2020; 209:120518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Hu Y, Cai T, Zhang H, Chen J, Li Z, Zhao L, Li Z, Qiu H. Two copolymer-grafted silica stationary phases prepared by surface thiol-ene click reaction in deep eutectic solvents for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Jablonský M, Škulcová A, Šima J. Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer Chemistry-A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E3978. [PMID: 31684174 PMCID: PMC6864848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review deals with two overlapping issues, namely polymer chemistry and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). With regard to polymers, specific aspects of synthetic polymers, polymerization processes producing such polymers, and natural cellulose-based nanopolymers are evaluated. As for DESs, their compliance with green chemistry requirements, their basic properties and involvement in polymer chemistry are discussed. In addition to reviewing the state-of-the-art for selected kinds of polymers, the paper reveals further possibilities in the employment of DESs in polymer chemistry. As an example, the significance of DES polarity and polymer polarity to control polymerization processes, modify polymer properties, and synthesize polymers with a specific structure and behavior, is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jablonský
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, Bratislava SK-812 37, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Škulcová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Science, Kamýcka 129, 165 00 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, Bratislava SK-812 37, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Šima
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, Bratislava SK-812 37, Slovakia.
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19
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Self-healing dynamically cross linked versatile polymer electrolyte: A novel approach towards high performance, flexible electrochromic devices. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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High efficiency and simple preparation of polyacrylamide coated silica stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1605:360357. [PMID: 31345618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A polyacrylamide (PAM)-coated silica packing as a novel stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was produced firstly by thermal immobilization. The coated layer was formed by a simple and facile physical method that dipping silica spheres into a PAM solution and then stirring the mixture until the solution was evaporated absolutely, leaving a certain amount of PAM on the silica particles. Although there are no chemical bonds involved, the bleeding measurement and the background noise are acceptable. Polyacrylamide coated silica (PAM-Sil, mean diameter: 5 μm) demonstrated a good hydrophilic property and excellent separation efficiency, which was observed especially for several high polar analytes such as saccharides. It is much higher than bare silica or amino columns under the same conditions. Moreover the obtained stationary phase demonstrated good stability under our operation conditions. The specific preparing method offers an easy and economical way to manipulate the thickness of PAM coating and can be extended as a universal way to produce various polymer coated stationary phases with dipping-heating/stirring-evaporating procedure.
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Ali MC, Chen J, Zhang H, Li Z, Zhao L, Qiu H. Effective extraction of flavonoids from Lycium barbarum L. fruits by deep eutectic solvents-based ultrasound-assisted extraction. Talanta 2019; 203:16-22. [PMID: 31202321 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficient extraction of natural products from biomass is deemed an essential area of interest using green technology in the pharmaceutical and biochemical industries. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been paying broad interest as compatible, safe, and inexpensive solvents. In this study, we addressed, for the first time, to give a fruitful illustration to extract bioactive compounds from favourite Lycium barbarum L. fruits using DESs as green designer solvents, and displaying the tuneability of DESs to extract bioactive compounds from biomass efficiently. Among the studied DESs, the 1 : 2 M mixture of choline chloride and p-toluene sulfonic acid (DESs-6) with an ultra-sound assisted extraction (UAE) method was more efficient to get high extraction yields of flavonoids including myricetin (57.2 mg/g), morin (12.7 mg/g), and rutin (9.1 mg/g) in net DESs. The resulting extraction method in which 50 mg of sample powder was extracted by UAE for 1.5 h using DESs-6 was found to be a more efficient process than conventional extraction methods such as heating plus stirring. Operational conditions including the extractant to sample solid ratio, the effect of water content, the effect of temperature, recycling of DESs, and the effect of ultra-sound irradiation time were investigated. The proposed DESs based extraction procedure attained recovery for flavonoids were in the range 75.6%-96.9%. Therefore, p-toluenesulfonic acid-based DESs may have strong potential as promising materials for the green and efficient extraction of pharmaceutical compounds from other plants or fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Chand Ali
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
| | - Haijuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Liang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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22
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Wan Y, Wang M, Zhang K, Fu Q, Wang L, Gao M, Xia Z, Gao D. Extraction and determination of bioactive flavonoids from
Abelmoschus manihot
(Linn.) Medicus flowers using deep eutectic solvents coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2044-2052. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Wan
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Kailian Zhang
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Fu
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Lujun Wang
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Manjie Gao
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Die Gao
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
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23
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Porous graphene decorated silica as a new stationary phase for separation of sulfanilamide compounds in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ali MC, Liu R, Chen J, Cai T, Zhang H, Li Z, Zhai H, Qiu H. New deep eutectic solvents composed of crown ether, hydroxide and polyethylene glycol for extraction of non-basic N-compounds. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Hu Y, Cai T, Zhang H, Chen J, Li Z, Qiu H. Poly(itaconic acid)-grafted silica stationary phase prepared in deep eutectic solvents and its unique performance in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Talanta 2019; 191:265-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Sýkora D, Řezanka P, Záruba K, Král V. Recent advances in mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:89-129. [PMID: 30427127 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-mode phases have become very popular in the last decade, and the number of new mixed/multi-mode sorbents is growing fast. Unlike single-mode stationary phases, perfectly suited for the separation of the analytes possessing similar physicochemical properties, for instance reversed-phase chromatography for hydrophobic solutes, mixed-mode sorbents providing multimodal interactions can render better separation selectivity for complex mixtures of solutes differing significantly in their physicochemical characteristics. The most frequent modern mixed-mode stationary phases are di/tri-mode sorbents embracing the following interactions, hydrophobic, electrostatic (coulombic), and hydrophilic. According to their structures, it is possible to distinguish silica-based, polymer-based, hybrid, and monolithic mixed-mode stationary phases. Herewith, newly synthesized mixed-mode sorbents developed within the last two and half years are categorized, discussed, and summarized. The main attention is devoted to the description of the synthetic routes and characterization methods applied for the new stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sýkora
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Řezanka
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Záruba
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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27
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Free-radical polymerizations of and in deep eutectic solvents: Green synthesis of functional materials. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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