1
|
Bethke K, Kropidłowska K, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Review of warming and acidification effects to the ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms in the era of climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162829. [PMID: 36924950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the temperature and the acidification of the aquatic environment are among the many consequences of global warming. Climate change can also negatively affect aquatic organisms indirectly, by altering the toxicity of pollutants. Models of climate change impacts on the distribution, fate and ecotoxicity of persistent pollutants are now available. For pharmaceuticals, however, as new environmental pollutants, there are no predictions on this issue. Therefore, this paper organizes the existing knowledge on the effects of temperature, pH and both stressors combined on the toxicity of pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms. Besides lethal toxicity, the molecular, physiological and behavioral biomarkers of sub-lethal stress were also assessed. Both acute and chronic toxicity, as well as bioaccumulation, were found to be affected. The direction and magnitude of these changes depend on the specific pharmaceutical, as well as the organism and conditions involved. Unfortunately, the response of organisms was enhanced by combined stressors. We compare the findings with those known for persistent organic pollutants, for which the pH has a relatively low effect on toxicity. The acid-base constant of molecules, as assumed, have an effect on the toxicity change with pH modulation. Studies with bivalves have been were overrepresented, while too little attention was paid to producers. Furthermore, the limited number of pharmaceuticals have been tested, and metabolites skipped altogether. Generally, the effects of warming and acidification were rather indicated than explored, and much more attention needs to be given to the ecotoxicology of pharmaceuticals in climate change conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bethke
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kropidłowska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Godlewska K, Stepnowski P, Paszkiewicz M. Carbon nanotube-passive samplers as novel tools for sampling and determining micropollutants in the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155551. [PMID: 35504373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling is an interesting and cost-effective strategy for the quantification of micropollutants in the aquatic environment. When combined especially with a sensitive analytical method such as liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the use of passive sampling devices (PSDs) enables long-term and reliable determination of a wide range of chemicals. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as an innovative sorbent in POCIS-like samplers (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler). The developed CNTs-PSDs were calibrated by the flow-through method and the obtained sampling rates (Rs) of analytes were compared with the previously obtained Rs values using the semi-static method. Subsequently, passive samplers were placed in the Baltic Sea, the Nogat River, and the Sztumskie Pole Lake in order to sample and concentrate 28 chemical compounds belonging to the group of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). For the first time, the effectiveness of the use of CNTs-PSDs in the field was proven by the quantification of carbamazepine, diclofenac, p-nitrophenol, bisphenol A, 3,5-dichlorophenol, 17-β-estradiol, 17-α-ethinylestradiol and metoprolol in the tested surface waters. The obtained time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of analytes ranged from 0.22 ± 0.12 ng/L (for metoprolol in the Nogat River) to 32.1 ± 2.4 ng/L (for bisphenol A in the Sztumskie Pole Lake). More importantly, CNTs-PSDs determined a greater amount of micropollutants than grab sampling and solid-phase extraction (SPE), which proves the advantage of passive sampling over grab sampling, especially when monitoring contaminants in the aquatic environment at low concentration levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Paszkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lis H, Paszkiewicz M, Godlewska K, Maculewicz J, Kowalska D, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Ionic liquid-based functionalized materials for analytical chemistry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Godlewska K, Stepnowski P, Paszkiewicz M. Carbon nanotubes, activated carbon and Oasis HLB as sorbents of passive samplers for extraction of selected micropollutants — Comparison of sampling rates and extraction efficiency. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
5
|
Lis H, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Static renewal and continuous-flow calibration of two types of passive samplers for the monitoring of pharmaceuticals in wastewater. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
6
|
Branchet P, Arpin-Pont L, Piram A, Boissery P, Wong-Wah-Chung P, Doumenq P. Pharmaceuticals in the marine environment: What are the present challenges in their monitoring? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142644. [PMID: 33077207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the last years, there has been a growing interest in the research focused on the pharmaceutical residues in the environment. Those compounds have been recognized as a possible threat to aquatic ecosystems, due to their inherent biological activity and their "pseudo-persistence". Their presence has been relatively few investigated in the marine environment, though it is the last receiver of the continental contamination. Thus, pharmaceuticals monitoring data in marine waters are necessary to assess water quality and to allow enhancing future regulations and management decisions. A review of the current practices and challenges in monitoring strategies of pharmaceuticals in marine matrices (water, sediment and biota) is provided through the analysis of the available recent scientific literature. Key points are highlighted for the different steps of marine waters monitoring as features to consider for the targeted substance selection, the choice of the marine site configuration and sampling strategies to determine spatio-temporal trends of the contamination. Some marine environment specific features, such as the strong dilution occurring, the complex hydrodynamic and local logistical constraints are making this monitoring a very difficult and demanding task. Thus key knowledge gap priorities for future research are identified and discussed. Suitable passive samplers to monitor pharmaceutical seawater levels need further development and harmonization. Non-target analysis approaches would be promising to understand the fate of the targeted molecules and to enhance the list of substances to analyze. The implementation of integrated monitoring through long-term ecotoxicological tests on sensitive marine species at environmental levels would permit to better assess the ecological risk of these compounds for the marine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Branchet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France.
| | - Lauren Arpin-Pont
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
| | - Anne Piram
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France.
| | - Pierre Boissery
- Agence de l'Eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse, 2, street Henri Barbusse, CS 90464, 13207 Marseille Cedex 01, France
| | - Pascal Wong-Wah-Chung
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
| | - Pierre Doumenq
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Godlewska K, Jakubus A, Stepnowski P, Paszkiewicz M. Impact of environmental factors on the sampling rate of β-blockers and sulfonamides from water by a carbon nanotube-passive sampler. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 101:413-427. [PMID: 33334535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Passive techniques are a constantly evolving approach to the long-term monitoring of micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals, in the aquatic environment. This paper presents, for the first time, the calibration results of a new CNTs-PSDs (carbon nanotubes used as a sorbent in passive sampling devices) with an examination of the effect of donor phase salinity, water pH and the concentration of dissolved humic acids (DHAs), using both ultrapure and environmental waters. Sampling rates (Rs) were determined for the developed kinetic samplers. It has been observed that the impact of the examined environmental factors on the Rs values strictly depends on the type of the analytes. In the case of β-blockers, the only environmental parameter affecting their uptake rate was the salinity of water. A certain relationship was noted, namely the higher the salt concentration in water, the lower the Rs values of β-blockers. In the case of sulfonamides, water salinity, water pH 7-9 and DHAs concentration decreased the uptake rate of these compounds by CNTs-PSDs. The determined Rs values differed in particular when the values obtained from the experiments carried out using ultrapure water and environmental waters were compared. The general conclusion is that the calibration of novel CNTs-PSDs should be carried out under physicochemical conditions of the aquatic phase that are similar to the environmental matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Jakubus
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Monika Paszkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khazalpour S, Yarie M, Kianpour E, Amani A, Asadabadi S, Seyf JY, Rezaeivala M, Azizian S, Zolfigol MA. Applications of phosphonium-based ionic liquids in chemical processes. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
9
|
Treder N, Bączek T, Wychodnik K, Rogowska J, Wolska L, Plenis A. The Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Effectiveness of Analytical Methods Used in the Monitoring of Human and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Biological and Environmental Samples-Trends and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:E286. [PMID: 31936806 PMCID: PMC7024248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen the increased utilization of ionic liquids (ILs) in the development and optimization of analytical methods. Their unique and eco-friendly properties and the ability to modify their structure allows them to be useful both at the sample preparation stage and at the separation stage of the analytes. The use of ILs for the analysis of pharmaceuticals seems particularly interesting because of their systematic delivery to the environment. Nowadays, they are commonly detected in many countries at very low concentration levels. However, due to their specific physiological activity, pharmaceuticals are responsible for bioaccumulation and toxic effects in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems as well as possibly upsetting the body's equilibrium, leading to the dangerous phenomenon of drug resistance. This review will provide a comprehensive summary of the use of ILs in various sample preparation procedures and separation methods for the determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental and biological matrices based on liquid-based chromatography (LC, SFC, TLC), gas chromatography (GC) and electromigration techniques (e.g., capillary electrophoresis (CE)). Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of ILs, which can appear during extraction and separation, will be presented and attention will be given to the criteria to be followed during the selection of ILs for specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Treder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Wychodnik
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 23 A, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.W.); (J.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Justyna Rogowska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 23 A, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.W.); (J.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębowa 23 A, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.W.); (J.R.); (L.W.)
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.T.); (T.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lis H, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Salinity and pH as factors affecting the passive sampling and extraction of pharmaceuticals from water. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2949-2956. [PMID: 31267662 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Passive sampling is an attractive technique for the long-term monitoring of pharmaceuticals in the water environment. The reliability of the received results depends on the properly performed calibration, namely the determination of analyte sampling rates. This step can be the source of a systematic error, as the sampling rate values are dependent on the water donor phase parameters. This is especially important for pharmaceuticals, since their chemical characteristics and ionic form change with pH. In this study, the cross-effect of pH (3, 7, and 9) and salinity (0, 7, and 35 practical salinity unit, using artificial sea water) on the passive sampling of 21 pharmaceuticals (antiparasitics, beta-blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sulfonamides) was tested. The primarily determined parameter was the sampling rate. In addition, the extraction efficiency, partitioning coefficient, and the concentration of the analytes on the sorbent were calculated. Generally, for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, and antiparasitics, the change both in pH and salinity had a negligible impact on the mentioned experimental parameters. In contrast, the extraction of sulfonamides was impacted by both pH and salinity, while lipophilicity was not a decisive parameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lis
- Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Męczykowska H, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Impact of humic acids, temperature and stirring on passive extraction of pharmaceuticals from water by trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dicyanamide. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|