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Tsukagoshi K. Phase-separation multiphase flow: preliminary application to analytical chemistry. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:9-28. [PMID: 37837525 PMCID: PMC10766728 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
A two-phase separation mixed solution can undergo phase separation from one phase to two phases (i.e., upper and lower phases) in a batch vessel in response to changes in temperature and/or pressure. This phase separation is reversible. When the mixed solution undergoes a phase change while being fed into a microspace region, a dynamic liquid-liquid interface is formed, leading to a multiphase structure. This flow is called a phase-separation multiphase flow. Annular flow in a microspace, which is one such phase-separation multiphase flow, is interesting and has been applied to chromatography, extraction, reaction fields, and mixing. Here, research papers related to phase-separation multiphase flows-ranging from the discovery of the phenomenon to basic and technical research from the viewpoint of analytical science-are reviewed. In addition, the development of a new separation mode in a high-performance liquid chromatography system based on phase-separation multiphase flow is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Tsukagoshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan.
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2
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Nishimura K, Matsushita C, Yamashita K, Murata M, Tsukagoshi K. Observation of the phase-separation multiphase flow using a polyethylene glycol/phosphate mixed solutions and the aqueous two-phase distribution of red blood cells in the flow system. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:537-546. [PMID: 36630010 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Phase-separation multiphase flow at a liquid-liquid interface was successfully formed in an aqueous two-phase system of polyethylene glycol/phosphate mixed solutions when fed into a microchannel (100 µm wide and 40 µm deep) on a microchip and a fused-silica capillary tube (100 µm ID). As one example, tube radial distribution flow (annular flow) was observed when 10.0 wt% polyethylene glycol 6000 and 8.5 wt% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution containing 1.0 mM Rhodamine B was fed at 40 ℃, recorded by bright field microscopy. It exhibited a dipotassium hydrogen phosphate-rich inner phase and polyethylene glycol-rich outer phase. Effects of conditions including composition, flow rate, viscosity, and contact angle on tube radial distribution flow were analyzed. It was found out that although the viscosity of PEG-rich solution was much higher than that of phosphate-rich one, the phase configuration in tube radial distribution flow did not necessarily obey the viscous dissipation law in untreated microchannel and capillary tube, as well as for all the types of PEG/phosphate mixed solution the PEG-rich solution occupied the outer phase near the ODS-treated inner wall of both microchannel and capillary tube against the law. To assess the use of microfluidic flow in applications, we examined the distribution of red blood cells in the inner and outer phases fed into double capillary tubes with different inner diameters. Cell distribution was found to concentrate in the inner (dipotassium hydrogen phosphate-rich) phase compared to the outer (polyethylene glycol-rich) phase at a ratio of 1.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Nishimura
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Chihiro Matsushita
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamashita
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1 Shuku-Machi, Tosu, Saga, 841-0052, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higasi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsukagoshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan.
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3
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Microfluidic behavior of ternary mixed solutions of water/acetonitrile/ethyl acetate through experiments and computer simulations. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:731-736. [DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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TSUKAGOSHI K. Discovery of Phase-separated Multiphase Flows and Attempts at Academic and Technical Systematization. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2022. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.71.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko TSUKAGOSHI
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University
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SANADA N, TSUKAGOSHI K, TSUCHIYA K, HIROTA K, YAMASHITA K, MURATA M. Separation of Dansyl-DL-Amino Acids Through Tube Radial Distribution Chromatography by Using a Commercially Available HPLC System with a Capillary Tube Manufactured for GC as a Separation Column. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2021. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2020.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki SANADA
- Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Kazuhiko TSUKAGOSHI
- Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Katsumi TSUCHIYA
- Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Ken HIROTA
- Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Kenichi YAMASHITA
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Masaharu MURATA
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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Investigation of the Separation Efficiency of Tube Radial Distribution Chromatography with Stationary Outer Phase Using the van Deemter Equation. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yoshioka A, Tsukagoshi K, Tsuchiya K, Hirota K, Yamashita K, Murata M. Phase Separation and Collection of Annular Flow by Phase Transformation. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:1279-1282. [PMID: 31308295 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A polyethylene glycol/citrate mixed solution was fed into a single channel of a Y-type micro-channel on a microchip as an aqueous two-phase system. A phase separation multi-phase flow with a liquid-liquid interface was generated due to a phase transformation. An annular flow, one of the flow types in the phase separation multi-phase flow, was observed through bright-field microscopy. The flow consisted of citrate-rich inner and polyethylene glycol-rich outer phases. We attempted to separate and collect the two phases in the single channel into two separate Y-type channels. When the pressure losses for the separated channels were not very different, we observed symmetric flow in the Y-type channel. When the pressure losses were quite different, the polyethylene glycol-rich phase with higher viscosity was selectively distributed to the separated channel with lower pressure loss. Thus, the polyethylene glycol-rich phase was successfully and intentionally collected from the chosen Y-type channel via the creation of annular flow in the single channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yoshioka
- Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Kazuhiko Tsukagoshi
- Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Katsumi Tsuchiya
- Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Ken Hirota
- Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Kenichi Yamashita
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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TAKATSUKI Y, TSUKAGOSHI K, TSUCHIYA K, YAMASHITA K, MURATA M. Confirmation of Separation Mechanism Through Visualization of Microfluidic Behavior of Fluorescent Analytes in Tube Radial Distribution Chromatography. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2019. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2019.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke TAKATSUKI
- Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Kazuhiko TSUKAGOSHI
- Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Katsumi TSUCHIYA
- Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Kenichi YAMASHITA
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Masaharu MURATA
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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Yamawaki B, Mori R, Tsukagoshi K, Tsuchiya K, Yamashita K, Murata M. Microfluidic Inverted Flow of Ternary Water/Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Organic Solvent Solution in a Y-Type Microchannel and a Proposal of the Response Microfluidic Analysis through the Experiment. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:249-256. [PMID: 30318490 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two solutions that are individually fed at the same flow rate into two separate microchannels of a microchip, combine to form a single channel (a Y-type microchannel). This flow is either parallel for immiscible solutions or initially parallel, but then becomes homogeneous through diffusion, for miscible solutions. However, a new type of microfluidic behavior in a Y-type microchannel that was neither parallel nor homogeneous flow has been observed using, for example, water/acetonitrile (3:4.5, v/v) and acetonitrile/ethyl acetate (3.5:4, v/v) mixed solutions. Each mixed solution was marked with distinctive dyes and delivered at the same flow rate into a Y-type microchannel under laminar flow conditions. In the single channel, the two phases were initially observed to flow in parallel, but then apparently swapped to flow on the opposite wall while retaining parallel flow with a slight change in the components of the two phases. We have named this type of laminar flow "microfluidic inverted flow" for ternary water/hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic solvent mixed solutions. The inverted flow of a ternary water/acetonitrile/ethyl acetate system was examined in detail under various flow conditions. We also proposed a concept of response microfluidic analysis based on such microfluidic inverted flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bun Yamawaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Ryuki Mori
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Kazuhiko Tsukagoshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University.,Bio-Microfluidic Science Research Center
| | - Katsumi Tsuchiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University.,Bio-Microfluidic Science Research Center
| | - Kenichi Yamashita
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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Lam SC, Sanz Rodriguez E, Haddad PR, Paull B. Recent advances in open tubular capillary liquid chromatography. Analyst 2019; 144:3464-3482. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review covers advances and applications of open tubular capillary liquid chromatography (OT-LC) over the period 2007–2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Chung Lam
- ASTech
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech)
- and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
| | - Estrella Sanz Rodriguez
- ASTech
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech)
- and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
| | - Paul R. Haddad
- ASTech
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech)
- and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
| | - Brett Paull
- ASTech
- ARC Training Centre for Portable Analytical Separation Technologies (ASTech)
- and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)
- School of Natural Sciences
- University of Tasmania
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Imanishi N, Yamasaki T, Tsukagoshi K, Murata M. Phase Separation Multi-phase Flow Using an Aqueous Two-phase System of a Polyethylene Glycol/Dextran Mixed Solution. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:953-958. [PMID: 30101891 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol/dextran mixed solution as an aqueous two-phase system was fed into a fused-silica capillary tube under different conditions, resulting in phase transformation leading to phase separation multi-phase flow through/along a liquid-liquid interface. As one flow-type example, when 6.4 wt% polyethylene glycol and 9.7 wt% dextran aqueous solution containing 1.0 mM Rhodamine B was fed into the capillary tube at 3°C, tube radial distribution flow (annual flow) was observed through bright-field microscopy. Tube radial distribution flow consisted of a dextran-rich inner phase and polyethylene glycol-rich outer phase. We also examined the distribution of proteins, such as bovine serum albumin, hemoglobin, and lysozyme, in the inner and outer phases through use of double capillary tubes with different inner diameters. The protein distribution was greater in the inner (dextran-rich) phase than the outer (polyethylene glycol-rich) phase. The distribution ratios of the three proteins (ratio of the inner/outer protein concentration) were 2.3, 4.2, and 1.8, respectively. The proteins concentrated in the dextran-rich phase through tube radial distribution flow of a polyethylene glycol/dextran mixed solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Imanishi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Tetsuo Yamasaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University
| | - Kazuhiko Tsukagoshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University.,Bio-Microfluidic Science Research Center, Doshisha University
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University
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