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Warren CG, Dasgupta PK. Liquid phase detection in the miniature scale. Microfluidic and capillary scale measurement and separation systems. A tutorial review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1305:342507. [PMID: 38677834 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic and capillary devices are increasingly being used in analytical applications while their overall size keeps decreasing. Detection sensitivity for these microdevices gains more importance as device sizes and consequently, sample volumes, decrease. This paper reviews optical, electrochemical, electrical, and mass spectrometric detection methods that are applicable to capillary scale and microfluidic devices, with brief introduction to the principles in each case. Much of this is considered in the context of separations. We do consider theoretical aspects of separations by open tubular liquid chromatography, arguably the most potentially fertile area of separations that has been left fallow largely because of lack of scale-appropriate detection methods. We also examine the theoretical basis of zone electrophoretic separations. Optical detection methods discussed include UV/Vis absorbance, fluorescence, chemiluminescence and refractometry. Amperometry is essentially the only electrochemical detection method used in microsystems. Suppressed conductance and especially contactless conductivity (admittance) detection are in wide use for the detection of ionic analytes. Microfluidic devices, integrated to various mass spectrometers, including ESI-MS, APCI-MS, and MALDI-MS are discussed. We consider the advantages and disadvantages of each detection method and compare the best reported limits of detection in as uniform a format as the available information allows. While this review pays more attention to recent developments, our primary focus has been on the novelty and ingenuity of the approach, regardless of when it was first proposed, as long as it can be potentially relevant to miniature platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cable G Warren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, United States
| | - Purnendu K Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019-0065, United States.
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Zhang R, Zhong Y, Hu Y, Chen Y, Xia L, Li G. Liquid-Phase Cyclic Chemiluminescence for the Identification of Cobalt Speciation. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3933-3941. [PMID: 38359085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Accurate discrimination of metal species is a significant analytical challenge. Herein, we propose a novel methodology based on liquid-phase cyclic chemiluminescence (CCL) for the identification of cobalt speciation. The CCL multistage signals (In) of the luminol-H2O2 reaction catalyzed by different cobalt species have different decay coefficients k. Thereby, we can facilely identify various cobalt species according to the distinguishable k values, including the complicated and structurally similar cobalt complexes, such as analogues of [Co(NH3)5X]n+ (X = Cl-, H2O, and NH3), Co(II) porphyrins, and bis(2,4-pentanedione) cobalt(II) derivatives. Especially, the number of substituent atoms also influences the k value greatly, which allows excellent discrimination between complexes that only have a subtle difference in the substituent group. In addition, linear discriminant analysis based on In provides a complementary solution to improve the differentiating ability. We performed density functional theory calculations to investigate the interaction mode of H2O2 over cobalt species. A close negative correlation between the adsorption energy and the k value is observed. Moreover, the calculation of energy evolutions of H2O2 decomposition into a double hydroxide radical shows that a high level of consistency exists between the activation energy barrier and the k value. The results further demonstrate that the decay coefficient of the CCL multistage signal is associated with the catalytic reactivity of the cobalt species. Our work not only broadens the application of chemiluminescence but also provides a complementary technology for speciation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkun Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanhui Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yufei Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Spectroscopy, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Aryal P, Hefner C, Martinez B, Henry CS. Microfluidics in environmental analysis: advancements, challenges, and future prospects for rapid and efficient monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1175-1206. [PMID: 38165815 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have emerged as advantageous tools for detecting environmental contaminants due to their portability, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and rapid response capabilities. These devices have wide-ranging applications in environmental monitoring of air, water, and soil matrices, and have also been applied to agricultural monitoring. Although several previous reviews have explored microfluidic devices' utility, this paper presents an up-to-date account of the latest advancements in this field for environmental monitoring, looking back at the past five years. In this review, we discuss devices for prominent contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, nutrients, microorganisms, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), etc. We cover numerous detection methods (electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescent, etc.) and critically assess the current state of microfluidic devices for environmental monitoring, highlighting both their successes and limitations. Moreover, we propose potential strategies to mitigate these limitations and offer valuable insights into future research and development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Claire Hefner
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Brandaise Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Transparent Cross-Flow Platform as Chemiluminescence Detection Cell in Cross Injection Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031316. [PMID: 36770983 PMCID: PMC9919639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the use of a transparent 'Cross Injection Analysis' (CIA) platform as a flow system for chemiluminescence (CL) measurements. The CL-CIA flow device incorporates introduction channels for samples and reagents, and the reaction and detection channels are in one acrylic unit. A photomultiplier tube placed above the reaction channel detects the emitted luminescence. The system was applied to the analysis of (i) Co(II) via the Co(II)-catalyzed H2O2-luminol reaction and (ii) paracetamol via its inhibitory effect on the catalytic activity of Fe(CN)63- on the H2O2-luminol reaction. A linear calibration was obtained for Co(II) in the range of 0.002 to 0.025 mg L-1 Co(II) (r2 = 0.9977) for the determination of Co(II) in water samples. The linear calibration obtained for the paracetamol was 10 to 200 mg L-1 (r2 = 0.9906) for the determination of pharmaceutical products. The sample throughput was 60 samples h-1. The precision was ≤4.2% RSD. The consumption of the samples and reagents was ca. 170 µL per analysis cycle.
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Ji K, Liu F, Hailemariam Barkae T, Quan S, Zeid AM, Zhang W, Li J, Xu G. Development of lucigenin-N-hydroxyphthalimide chemiluminescence system and its application to sensitive detection of Co 2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121459. [PMID: 35700613 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) is an efficient organic catalyst and an important chemical raw material which can be used as an intermediate in organic synthesis of drugs and pesticides. In this study, NHPI has been used as a coreactant of lucigenin chemiluminescence (CL) for the first time. The CL of the developed system is significantly enhanced in the presence of Co2+. Therefore, we developed a novel lucigenin-NHPI CL method coupled with flow injection analysis for the sensitive, precise, and selective determination of Co2+. The linear range of this method is 1-1000 nM, and the detection limit is 67 pM (S/N = 3). In addition, this method has a good selectivity for Co2+. It has been applied to the detection of Co2+ in lake water, and the standard recovery rate is 95.9-103.2%, indicating that the method is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Fangshuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tesfaye Hailemariam Barkae
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural & Computational Science, Wolkite University, P.O Box 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Shuai Quan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Abdallah M Zeid
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Guobao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Zhou P, He H, Ma H, Wang S, Hu S. A Review of Optical Imaging Technologies for Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020274. [PMID: 35208397 PMCID: PMC8877635 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics can precisely control and manipulate micro-scale fluids, and are also known as lab-on-a-chip or micro total analysis systems. Microfluidics have huge application potential in biology, chemistry, and medicine, among other fields. Coupled with a suitable detection system, the detection and analysis of small-volume and low-concentration samples can be completed. This paper reviews an optical imaging system combined with microfluidics, including bright-field microscopy, chemiluminescence imaging, spectrum-based microscopy imaging, and fluorescence-based microscopy imaging. At the end of the article, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Haipeng He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Hanbin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
- Guangdong ACXEL Micro & Nano Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Siyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (S.H.)
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