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Muhammad Yunus F, Alias Y, Yahya N, Mohamad Zain NN, Raoov M. Poly-(ionic liquid) coated with magnetic nanoparticles for micro solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:495-512. [PMID: 38466777 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2326426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate-vinyl imidazole bromide) (poly-MMA-IL)-grafted magnetic nanoparticles were successfully developed and applied in the micro-magnetic solid phase extraction (μ-MSPE) for 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from tea, fried food, and grilled food samples via gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). One variable at a time (OVAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used for efficient optimization. The validation method showed a good coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.9901 to 0.9982 (n = 3) with linearity of 0.2 μg L-1-500 μg L-1. Detection and quantification limits were 0.06 µg L-1-0.32 µg L-1 and 0.18 µg L-1-0.97 µg L-1. Additionally, satisfactory reproducibility was attained with intra-day and inter-day precisions having RSD ranges of 3.6%-11.1%. The spiked recovery value of 16 PAHs in fried food, grilled food and tea samples obtained from the night market in Malaysia ranged from 80%-12%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Muhammad Yunus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yatimah Alias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorfatimah Yahya
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muggundha Raoov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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2
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Liu Y, Zhou S, Kuang Y, Feng X, Wang Z, Shen Z, Zhou N, Zheng J, Ouyang G. Nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework as a practical coating for effective determinations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Talanta 2024; 271:125655. [PMID: 38237278 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are high-profile organic pollutants to be poisonous, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, and widely distributed at trace levels in the environment. In order to effectively enrich PAHs, two stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs, TAPT-OMe-PDA and TPB-DMTP) were prepared by combining 2,4,6-tri(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and 1,3,5-tri(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) with 2,5-dimethoxy-phenyl-1,4-diformaldehyde (OMe-PDA), respectively. Even though the surface area of TAPT-OMe-PDA was much lower than that of TPB-DMTP, it still demonstrated much better extraction efficiencies towards PAHs as the solid phase microextraction (SPME) coating. Therefore, the TAPT-OMe-PDA coated fiber was coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to establish a practical and sensitive method, after the extraction parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, desorption temperature, desorption time, salt concentration and pH) were optimized. This developed analytical method showed wide linear ranges, low limits of detection, good repeatability and reproducibility. Finally, five PAHs in three water samples were detected and quantified precisely (2.72-38.7 ng·L-1) with satisfactory recoveries (88.3%-118%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, PR China
| | - Suxin Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Yixin Kuang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, PR China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zitao Shen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Ningbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Juan Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, PR China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519082, PR China; School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
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3
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High-throughput profiling volatiles in edible oils by cooling assisted solid-phase microextraction technique for sensitive discrimination of edible oils adulteration. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Peng S, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Zheng J, Zhu F, Xu J, Ouyang G. Novel solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings: A review. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:282-304. [PMID: 34799963 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The materials used for the fabrication of solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings in the past five years are summarized in the current review, including carbon, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, aerogel, polymer, ionic liquids/poly (ionic liquids), metal oxides, and natural materials. The preparation approaches of different coatings, such as sol-gel technique, in-situ growth, electrodeposition, and glue methods, are briefly reviewed together with the evolution of the supporting substrates. In addition, the limitations of the current coatings and the future development directions of solid-phase microextraction are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yiquan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Core-shell structured Fe 2O 3/CeO 2@MnO 2 microspheres with abundant surface oxygen for sensitive solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:337. [PMID: 34510313 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Core-shell structured Fe2O3/CeO2@MnO2 microspheres were fabricated and used as solid-phase microextraction coating for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples. XPS spectra demonstrated the generation of abundant surface oxygen on Fe2O3/CeO2@MnO2 microspheres, which provided binding sites for enhancement of analyte extraction. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method presented good linearity in the concentration range 0.04-100 ng mL-1, with low limits of detection varying from 0.38 to 3.57 ng L-1 for eight PAHs. Relative standard deviations for a single fiber and five batches of fibers were in the ranges of 4.1-8.2% and 7.1-11.4%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully used for determination of PAHs in real river water samples with recoveries ranging from 87.1 to 115.9%. The proposed method using as-prepared Fe2O3/CeO2@MnO2 microspheres as SPME coating exhibit significant potential for real sample analysis due to its excellent reproducibility, high sensitivity, and good linearity.
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Derivation of carbonaceous nanoparticles from glucose-modified nickel-titanium oxide nanoparticles grown on Nitinol fiber for solid phase microextraction of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. TALANTA OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2020.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Qu JB, Lin YY, Li Q, Peng WS, Huang J, Li J, Meteku BE, Zeng J. In-situ grafting temperature-responsive hydrogel as a bifunctional solid-phase microextraction coating for tunable extraction of biomacromolecules. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461928. [PMID: 33524934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A temperature-responsive solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating was prepared via in-situ atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method. By controlling the temperature of solution below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the coating, it can switch between hydrophilic and hydrophobic, thus providing a convenient approach for the selective extraction of analytes with different polarities. The average extraction amount of temperature-responsive coating for polar analytes is about 1.5-fold to that of non-polar ones below LCST, and vice versa. Effective extraction of three biomacromolecules was also obtained by controlling the temperature below or above LCST. The adsorption capacity of the coating for the hydrophilic biomacromolecules at 15 °C is 1.5-2 folds that of 50 °C, whereas the adsorption capacity of the coating to BSA at 50 °C is about 3 folds that of 15 °C. This approach holds great promise for SPME because it provides a simple strategy to prepare bifunctional coatings for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China.
| | - Yang-Yang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Wen-Shu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Jiankun Huang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Benjamin Edem Meteku
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Jingbin Zeng
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China.
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Jalili V, Barkhordari A, Ghiasvand A. Solid-phase microextraction technique for sampling and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A review. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Liu Y, An C, Zhang R, Du J, Wang X, Du X. Modulating the selectivity of solid-phase microextraction fibers based on morphological, compositional, and size-depended control of bimetallic oxide nanostructures grown on nickel-titanium alloy substrates. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:501. [PMID: 32803379 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-titanium oxide nanotubes (NiTiONTs), nanoparticles, and nanopores were in situ grown on NiTi fiber substrates by controlling anodization parameters. The adsorption performance of different bimetallic oxide nanostructures was evaluated using typical aromatic compounds including chlorophenols, phthalic acid esters, ultraviolet filters (UVFs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) coupled to HPLC-UV. The results clearly indicate that these NiTiO nanostructures show good extraction capability for UVFs and PAHs. The extraction performance of UVFs and PAHs greatly depends on the surface morphologies and sizes of the grown NiTiO nanostructures along with their elemental compositions. Compared with NiTiO nanoparticle and nanopore coatings, the longer well-aligned NiTiONT coating exhibits better extraction capability and selectivity for PAHs than for UVFs. Therefore, the extraction parameters of the NiTi@NiTiONT fiber for PAHs were investigated and optimized. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method was linear in the range 0.05-200 μg L-1 with correlation coefficients above 0.999. Limits of detection were between 0.008 and 0.124 μg L-1. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the intra-day and the inter-day analyses with the single fiber varied from 4.09 to 6.33%. RSDs for fiber-to-fiber reproducibility of the proposed method with five fibers prepared in different batches were between 5.75 and 7.43%. The applicability of the proposed method was investigated by the enrichment and determination of target PAHs in environmental water samples and relative recoveries of 84.5 ± 6.5 - 116 ± 7.8% were achieved. Notably, the prepared fiber was stable up to 250 times. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Chanchan An
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Junliang Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xinzhen Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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A porous composite monolith sorbent of polyaniline, multiwall carbon nanotubes and chitosan cryogel for aromatic compounds extraction. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Bianchi F, Pankajakshan A, Fornari F, Mandal S, Pelagatti P, Bacchi A, Mazzeo PP, Careri M. A zinc mixed-ligand microporous metal-organic framework as solid-phase microextraction coating for priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Jinadasa BKKK, Monteau F, Morais S. Critical review of micro-extraction techniques used in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological, environmental and food samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1004-1026. [PMID: 32186468 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1733103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and their accurate determination is very important to human health and environment safety. In this review, sorptive-based micro-extraction techniques [such as Solid-Phase Micro-extraction (SPME), Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE), Micro-extraction in Packed Sorbent (MEPS)] and solvent-based micro-extraction [Membrane-Mediated Liquid-Phase Micro-extraction (MM-LPME), Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro-extraction (DLLME), and Single Drop Micro-extraction (SDME)] developed for quantification of PAHs in environmental, biological and food samples are reviewed. Moreover, recent micro-extraction techniques that have been coupled with other sample extraction strategies are also briefly discussed. The main objectives of these micro-extraction techniques are to perform extraction, pre-concentration and clean up together as one step, and the reduction of the analysis time, cost and solvent following the green chemistry guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K K K Jinadasa
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Monteau
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior De Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto , Porto, Portugal
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Xu L, Huang S, Liu Y, Wei S, Chen G, Gong Z, Ouyang G. Hollow carbon nanobubbles-coated solid-phase microextraction fibers for the sensitive detection of organic pollutants. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1097:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ghaemmaghami M, Yamini Y, Mousavi KZ. Accordion-like Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets as a high-performance solid phase microextraction adsorbent for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using GC-MS. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:151. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Azizi A, Shahhoseini F, Modir-Rousta A, Bottaro CS. High throughput direct analysis of water using solvothermal headspace desorption with porous thin films. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1087:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pan M, Yin Z, Liu K, Du X, Liu H, Wang S. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Sensors for Food Safety. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091330. [PMID: 31533228 PMCID: PMC6781043 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food safety is one of the most important and widespread research topics worldwide. The development of relevant analytical methods or devices for detection of unsafe factors in foods is necessary to ensure food safety and an important aspect of the studies of food safety. In recent years, developing high-performance sensors used for food safety analysis has made remarkable progress. The combination of carbon-based nanomaterials with excellent properties is a specific type of sensor for enhancing the signal conversion and thus improving detection accuracy and sensitivity, thus reaching unprecedented levels and having good application potential. This review describes the roles and contributions of typical carbon-based nanomaterials, such as mesoporous carbon, single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon quantum dots, in the construction and performance improvement of various chemo- and biosensors for various signals. Additionally, this review focuses on the progress of applications of this type of sensor in food safety inspection, especially for the analysis and detection of all types of toxic and harmful substances in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Zongjia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Kaixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xiaoling Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Huilin Liu
- College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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