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Kim DH, Park JK, Lee A, Kim SC, Chae JH, Lee M, Lee SG, Lee BW, Yun WS. Highly Selective Electrochemical Quantitation of Creatinine based on its Chemical Reaction with 3,5-Dinitrobenzoate. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Chocholouš P, Vinklárek J, Semerádová E, Miekh Y, Marshall GD, Solich P. Innovated single flush on-line solid-phase extraction in bead injection format for flow programming-based determination of creatinine in human urine. Talanta 2023; 258:124420. [PMID: 36907165 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Reaction-based assays are commonly automated and miniaturized via flow analysis. However, aggressive reagents can affect or destroy even the chemically resistant manifold during long-term use. Using on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) can eliminate this drawback and allow for high reproducibility and further advanced automation, as presented in this work. Determination of creatinine in human urine, an important clinical marker, by sequential injection analysis was achieved using bead injection on-line SPE with specific UV spectrophotometric detection, providing the necessary sensitivity and selectivity of the method for bioanalysis. The automated SPE column packing and disposal, calibration, and fast measurement highlighted the improvements in our approach. Variable sample volumes and a single working standard solution eliminated matrix effects, broadened the calibration range, and accelerated the quantification. Our method comprised an injection of 20 μL of 100 × times diluted urine with aqueous acetic acid solution pH 2.4, sorption of creatinine in a strong cation exchanger SPE column, washing out urine matrix with 50% aqueous acetonitrile, and elution of creatinine with 1% ammonium hydroxide. The SPE step was accelerated by a single flush of the column when the eluent/matrix wash/sample/standard zones sequence was created in the pump holding coil, and then the sequence of the zones was flushed into the column at once. The whole process was continually spectrophotometrically detected at 235 nm, subtracted from the signal at 270 nm. A single run duration was less than 3.5 min. Method relative standard deviation was <5.0% (n = 6). A calibration range was linear within the range of 0.02-0.30 μg creatinine (R > 0.999), covering 1.0-15.0 mmol/L creatinine in urine. The standard addition method used two different volumes of a single working standard solution for quantification. Results proved the effectiveness of our improvements in the flow manifold, bead injection, and automated quantification. The accuracy of our method was comparable to the routine enzymatic assay of real urine samples in a clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Chocholouš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Vinklárek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Semerádová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Yuliia Miekh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | | | - Petr Solich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Mahapatra S, Chandra P. Design and Engineering of a Palm-Sized Optical Immunosensing Device for the Detection of a Kidney Dysfunction Biomarker. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1118. [PMID: 36551084 PMCID: PMC9775766 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Creatinine is one of the most common and specific biomarkers for renal diseases, usually found in the serum and urine of humans. Its level is extremely important and critical to know, not only in the case of renal diseases, but also for various other pathological conditions. Hence, detecting creatinine in clinically relevant ranges in a simplistic and personalized manner is interesting and important. In this direction, an optical sensing device has been developed for the simple, point-of-care detection of creatinine. The developed biosensor was able to detect creatinine quantitatively based on optical signals measured through a change in color. The sensor has been integrated with a smartphone to develop a palm-sized device for creatinine analysis in personalized settings. The sensor has been developed following facile chemical modification steps to anchor the creatinine-selective antibody to generate a sensing probe. The fabricated sensor has been thoroughly characterized by FTIR, AFM, and controlled optical analyses. The quantitative analysis is mediated through the reaction between picric acid and creatinine which was detected by the antibody-functionalized sensor probe. The differences in color intensity and creatinine concentrations show an excellent dose-dependent correlation in two different dynamic ranges from 5 to 20 μM and 35 to 400 μM, with a detection limit of 15.37 (±0.79) nM. Several interfering molecules, such as albumin, glucose, ascorbic acid, citric acid, glycine, uric acid, Na+, K+, and Cl-, were tested using the biosensor, in which no cross-reactivity was observed. The utility of the developed system to quantify creatinine in spiked serum samples was validated and the obtained percentage recoveries were found within the range of 89.71-97.30%. The fabricated biosensor was found to be highly reproducible and stable, and it retains its original signal for up to 28 days.
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Fay CD, Nattestad A. LED PEDD Discharge Photometry: Effects of Software Driven Measurements for Sensing Applications. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041526. [PMID: 35214426 PMCID: PMC8879031 DOI: 10.3390/s22041526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work explores the effects of embedded software-driven measurements on a sensory target when using a LED as a photodetector. Water turbidity is used as the sensory target in this study to explore these effects using a practical and important water quality parameter. Impacts on turbidity measurements are examined by adopting the Paired Emitter Detector Diode (PEDD) capacitive discharge technique and comparing common embedded software/firmware implementations. The findings show that the chosen software method can (a) affect the detection performance by up to 67%, (b) result in a variable sampling frequency/period, and (c) lead to an disagreement of the photo capacitance by up to 23%. Optimized code is offered to correct for these issues and its effectiveness is shown through comparative analyses, with the disagreement reduced significantly from 23% to 0.18%. Overall, this work demonstrates that the embedded software is a key and critical factor for PEDD capacitive discharge measurements and must be considered carefully for future measurements in sensor related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac D. Fay
- SMART Infrastructure Facility, Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrew Nattestad
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; or
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Gomes IC, Martins RO, Machado LS, Cardoso AT, de Souza PS, Coltro WKT, de Tarso Garcia P, Chaves AR. Molecularly imprinted polymer as sorbent phase for disposable pipette extraction: A potential approach for creatinine analysis in human urine samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 211:114625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Khachornsakkul K, Dungchai W. A Portable Reflective Absorbance Spectrophotometric Smartphone Device for the Rapid and Highly Accurate Determination of Amlodipine in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Human Urine Samples. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:963-969. [PMID: 33229823 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The simple reflective absorbance spectrophotometric smartphone device for point-of-monitoring amlodipine is presented here for the first time. The immediate analysis of amlodipine in the human urine of the patients who suffered severe side effects of this drug is very important for the diagnosis, treatment, and reduction of the death rate. This measurement technique is based on the charge-transfer complex between amlodipine and picric acid, which forms a yellow product. This product can absorb light intensity from an LED strip and measure through the Blue channel from the RGB mode with a smartphone application. The linear relationship for amlodipine monitoring was found in a wide range from 100.0 μg L-1 to 140.0 mg L-1 (R2 = 0.999), and the limit of detection was found to be 25.0 μg L-1. Our proposed method can be applied to different smartphone brands with consistent sensitivity of amlodipine detection. Additionally, the determination of amlodipine in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine samples was demonstrated by our proposed method. The recoveries were indicated in the range of 98.60 - 100.00%, which is at the acceptable level for pharmacy. This method offers an interweaving of basic technology and chemical analysis with being environmentally friendly due to reducing the complex instrument and the amount of organic waste compared to the chromatographic technique and efficient use for the detection of amlodipine. Hence, this method can be applied for prompt medical diagnoses and laboratories with limited budget resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawin Khachornsakkul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi
| | - Wijitar Dungchai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi
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Narimani R, Esmaeili M, Rasta SH, Khosroshahi HT, Mobed A. Trend in creatinine determining methods: Conventional methods to molecular‐based methods. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 2:308-325. [DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractRenal failure (RF) disease is ranked as one of the most prevalent diseases with severe morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of RF leads to subsequent control of disease to reduce the poor prognosis. The level of sera creatinine is considered as a significant biomarker for kidney biofunction, which is routinely detected by the Jaffe reaction. The normal range for creatinine in the blood may be 0.84‐1.21 mg/dL. Low accuracy, insufficient sensitivity, explosive and toxicity of picric acid, and pseudo‐interaction with nonspecific elements such as ammonium ions in the Jaffe method lead to the development of various techniques for precise detection of creatinine such as spectroscopic, electrochemical, and chromatography approaches and sensors based on enzymes, molecular imprinted polymer and nanoparticles, etc. Based on previously established results, they are trying to construct sensors with high accuracy, optimum sensitivity, acceptable linear/calibration range, and limit of detection, which are small in size and applicable by the patient him/herself (point‐of‐care testing). By comparing the results of research, a molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence‐based sensor with linear/calibration range of 5‐1 mMconcentration of creatinine and the detection limit of 0.5 nM has the best detectable resolution with 2 million measurable points. In this paper, we will review the recently developed methods for measuring creatinine concentration and renal biofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Narimani
- Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mahdad Esmaeili
- Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Medical Bioengineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Biomedical Physics, School of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Hamid Tayebi Khosroshahi
- Center for Chronic Kidney Disease Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ahmad Mobed
- Aging Research Institute Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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From the bottom of an old jar: A fluorometric method for the determination of creatinine in human serum. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1135:116-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Chaneam S, Kaewyai K, Mantim T, Chaisuksant R, Wilairat P, Nacapricha D. Simultaneous and direct determination of urea and creatinine in human urine using a cost-effective flow injection system equipped with in-house contactless conductivity detector and LED colorimeter. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1073:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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