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Zolotukhina EV, Butyrskaya EV, Fink-Straube C, Koch M, Silina YE. Towards controlled and simple design of non-enzymatic amperometric sensor for glycerol determination in yeast fermentation medium. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3619-3630. [PMID: 38702446 PMCID: PMC11156751 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Glycerol is a widely used signaling bioanalyte in biotechnology. Glycerol can serve as a substrate or product of many metabolic processes in cells. Therefore, quantification of glycerol in fermentation samples with inexpensive, reliable, and rapid sensing systems is of great importance. In this work, an amperometric assay based on one-step designed electroplated functional Pd layers with controlled design was proposed for a rapid and selective measurement of glycerol in yeast fermentation medium. A novel assay utilizing electroplated Pd-sensing layers allows the quantification of glycerol in yeast fermentation medium in the presence of interfering species with RSD below 3% and recoveries ranged from 99 to 103%. The assay requires minimal sample preparation, viz. adjusting of sample pH to 12. The time taken to complete the electrochemical analysis was 3 min. Remarkably, during investigations, it was revealed that sensitivity and selectivity of glycerol determination on Pd sensors were significantly affected by its adsorption and did not depend on the surface structure of sensing layers. This study is expected to contribute to both fundamental and practical research fields related to a preliminary choice of functional sensing layers for specific biotechnology and life science applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Zolotukhina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - E V Butyrskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - C Fink-Straube
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Koch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Y E Silina
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Campus B 2.2, Room 317, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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2
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Ratautė K, Ratautas D. A Review from a Clinical Perspective: Recent Advances in Biosensors for the Detection of L-Amino Acids. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:5. [PMID: 38248382 PMCID: PMC10813600 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The field of biosensors is filled with reports and designs of various sensors, with the vast majority focusing on glucose sensing. However, in addition to glucose, there are many other important analytes that are worth investigating as well. In particular, L-amino acids appear as important diagnostic markers for a number of conditions. However, the progress in L-amino acid detection and the development of biosensors for L-amino acids are still somewhat insufficient. In recent years, the need to determine L-amino acids from clinical samples has risen. More clinical data appear to demonstrate that abnormal concentrations of L-amino acids are related to various clinical conditions such as inherited metabolic disorders, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, muscle damage, etc. However, to this day, the diagnostic potential of L-amino acids is not yet fully established. Most likely, this is because of the difficulties in measuring L-amino acids, especially in human blood. In this review article, we extensively investigate the 'overlooked' L-amino acids. We review typical levels of amino acids present in human blood and broadly survey the importance of L-amino acids in most common conditions which can be monitored or diagnosed from changes in L-amino acids present in human blood. We also provide an overview of recent biosensors for L-amino acid monitoring and their advantages and disadvantages, with some other alternative methods for L-amino acid quantification, and finally we outline future perspectives related to the development of biosensing devices for L-amino acid monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ratautė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalius Ratautas
- Life Science Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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3
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Pang Y, Ma Z, Song Q, Wang Z, Shi YE. Sensitive detection of butyrylcholinesterase activity based on a stimuli-responsive fluorescence reaction. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122886. [PMID: 37210854 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A fluorogenic reaction between the chelate of Mn(II)-citric acid and terephthalic acid (PTA) was discovered, which was carried out through heating the aqueous mixture of Mn2+, citric acid and PTA. Detailed investigations indicated the reaction products were 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid (PTA-OH), which was attributed to the reaction between PTA and OH, formed by the triggering of Mn(II)-citric acid in the presence of dissolved O2. PTA-OH showed a strong blue fluorescence, peaked at 420 nm, and the fluorescence intensity presented a sensitive response to pH of the reaction system. Based on these mechanisms, the fluorogenic reaction was used for the detection of butyrylcholinesterase activity, achieving a detection limit of 0.15 U/L. The detection strategy was successfully applied in human serum samples, and it was also extended for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides and radical scavengers. Such a facile fluorogenic reaction and its stimuli-responsive properties offered an effective tool for designing detection pathways in the fields of clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zerui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qian Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yu-E Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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4
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Miškinis J, Ramonas E, Gurevičienė V, Razumienė J, Dagys M, Ratautas D. Capacitance-Based Biosensor for the Measurement of Total Loss of L-Amino Acids in Human Serum during Hemodialysis. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3352-3359. [PMID: 36268654 PMCID: PMC9706805 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a biosensor based on a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-modified Pt electrode with an adjusted membrane containing cross-linked L-amino acid oxidase for the detection and quantification of total L-amino acids. The designed biosensor was tested and characterized using the capacitance-based principle, capacitance measurements after electrode polarization, disconnection from the circuit, and addition of the respective amount of the analyte. The method was implemented using the capacitive and catalytic properties of the Pt/AuNP electrode; nanostructures were able to store electric charge while at the same time catalyzing the oxidation of the redox reaction intermediate H2O2. In this way, the Pt/AuNP layer was charged after the addition of analytes, allowing for much more accurate measurements for samples with low amino acid concentrations. The combined biosensor electrode with the capacitance-based measurement method resulted in high sensitivity and a low limit of detection (LOD) for hydrogen peroxide (4.15 μC/μM and 0.86 μM, respectively) and high sensitivity, a low LOD, and a wide linear range for L-amino acids (0.73 μC/μM, 5.5 μM and 25-1500 μM, respectively). The designed biosensor was applied to measure the relative loss of amino acids in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy by analyzing amino acid levels in diluted serum samples before and after entering/leaving the hemodialysis apparatus. In general, the designed biosensor in conjunction with the proposed capacitance-based method was clinically tested and could also be applied for the detection of other analytes using analyte-specific oxidases.
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5
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Pietricola G, Chamorro L, Castellino M, Maureira D, Tommasi T, Hernández S, Wilson L, Fino D, Ottone C. Covalent Immobilization of Dehydrogenases on Carbon Felt for Reusable Anodes with Effective Electrochemical Cofactor Regeneration. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200102. [PMID: 35856864 PMCID: PMC9630042 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the immobilization with aldehyde groups (glyoxyl carbon felt) of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) on carbon-felt-based electrodes. The compatibility of the immobilization method with the electrochemical application was studied with the ADH bioelectrode. The electrochemical regeneration process of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its oxidized form (NAD+ ), on a carbon felt surface, has been deeply studied with tests performed at different electrical potentials. By applying a potential of 0.4 V versus Ag/AgCl electrode, a good compromise between NAD+ regeneration and energy consumption was observed. The effectiveness of the regeneration of NAD+ was confirmed by electrochemical oxidation of ethanol catalyzed by ADH in the presence of NADH, which is the no active form of the cofactor for this reaction. Good reusability was observed by using ADH immobilized on glyoxyl functionalized carbon felt with a residual activity higher than 60 % after 3 batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pietricola
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TurinItaly
| | - Lesly Chamorro
- Escuela de Ingeniería BioquímicaPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoAvenida Brasil 2085ValparaísoChile
| | - Micaela Castellino
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TurinItaly
| | - Diego Maureira
- Escuela de Ingeniería BioquímicaPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoAvenida Brasil 2085ValparaísoChile
| | - Tonia Tommasi
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TurinItaly
| | - Simelys Hernández
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TurinItaly
| | - Lorena Wilson
- Escuela de Ingeniería BioquímicaPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoAvenida Brasil 2085ValparaísoChile
| | - Debora Fino
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TurinItaly
| | - Carminna Ottone
- Escuela de Ingeniería BioquímicaPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoAvenida Brasil 2085ValparaísoChile
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6
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Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Chitosan- and Thioctic-Acid-Modified Nanoporous Gold Co-Immobilization Enzyme for Glycerol Determination. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical biosensor based on chitosan- and thioctic-acid-modified nanoporous gold (NPG) co-immobilization glycerol kinase (GK) and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO) was constructed for glycerol determination in wine. The NPG, with the properties of porous microstructure, large specific surface area, and high conductivity, was beneficial for protecting the enzyme from inactivation and denaturation and enhancing electron transfer in the modified electrode. The co-immobilization of the enzyme by chitosan-embedding and thioctic-acid-modified NPG covalent bonding was beneficial for improving the catalytic performance and stability of the enzyme-modified electrode. Ferrocene methanol (Fm) was used as a redox mediator to accelerate the electron transfer rate of the enzyme-modified electrode. The fabricated biosensor exhibited a wide determination range of 0.1–5 mM, low determination limit of 77.08 μM, and high sensitivity of 9.17 μA mM−1. Furthermore, it possessed good selectivity, repeatability, and stability, and could be used for the determination of glycerol in real wine samples. This work provides a simple and novel method for the construction of biosensors, which may be helpful to the application of enzymatic biosensors in different determination scenarios.
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7
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Radi AE, Ashour WFD, Elshafey R. Glycerol Electrocatalytic Oxidation on Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles/Poly-Eriochrome Black T Modified Electrode. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Serapinas S, Gineitytė J, Butkevičius M, Danilevičius R, Dagys M, Ratautas D. Biosensor prototype for rapid detection and quantification of DNase activity. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 213:114475. [PMID: 35714494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DNases are enzymes that cleave phosphodiesteric bonds of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules and are found everywhere in nature, especially in bodily fluids, i.e., saliva, blood, or sweat. Rapid and sensitive detection of DNase activity is highly important for quality control in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. For clinical diagnostics, recent reports indicate that increased DNase activity could be related to various diseases, such as cancers. In this paper, we report a new bioelectronic device for the determination of nuclease activity in various fluids. The system consists of a sensor electrode, a custom design DNA target to maximize the DNase cleavage rate, a signal analysis algorithm, and supporting electronics. The developed sensor enables the determination of DNase activity in the range of 3.4 × 10-4 - 3.0 × 10-2 U mL-1 with a limit of detection of up to 3.4 × 10-4 U mL-1. The sensor was tested by measuring nuclease activity in real human saliva samples and found to demonstrate high accuracy and reproducibility compared to the industry standard DNaseAlert™️. Finally, the entire detection system was implemented as a prototype device system utilizing single-use electrodes, custom-made cells, and electronics. The developed technology can improve nuclease quality control processes in the pharmaceutical/biotechnology industry and provide new insights into the importance of nucleases for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skomantas Serapinas
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania; UAB "Laboratorija 1", Pamėnkalnio g. 36, LT-01114, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justina Gineitytė
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania; UAB "Bioanalizės sistemos", Saulėtekio al. 15, LT-10224, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marius Butkevičius
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania; UAB "Laboratorija 1", Pamėnkalnio g. 36, LT-01114, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Marius Dagys
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania; UAB "Bioanalizės sistemos", Saulėtekio al. 15, LT-10224, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalius Ratautas
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania; UAB "Bioanalizės sistemos", Saulėtekio al. 15, LT-10224, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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9
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Electrochemical Analysis of Free Glycerol in Biodiesel Using Reduced Graphene Oxide and Gold/Palladium Core-Shell Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol is a major byproduct obtained in the production of biodiesel, an important renewable fuel. The presence of free glycerol in fuel can have structural and performance consequences with respect to the engine, making fuel quality control important. The standard method to analyze glycerol in biodiesel is gas chromatography, a time-consuming and expensive technique. In this context, an electrode based on glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) modified with reduced graphene oxide and core-shell gold@palladium nanoparticles was developed for the determination of glycerol in biodiesel. The free glycerol analysis was performed in the aqueous phase obtained by liquid–liquid extraction from a biodiesel sample. Cyclic voltammetry was chosen as the method for glycerol electrochemical analysis to regenerate active sites and promote greater sensor stability. The modified Au@Pd/rGO/GCE electrode showed an excellent performance, obtaining a linear range of 18.2 to 109 µmol L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9895, limits of detection and quantification of 5.33 and 17.6 µmol L−1, respectively, high stability during 1000 cycles, and recovery values of 86% and 87% in the quantification of glycerol in biodiesel samples. The proposed method proved to be a great alternative for the analysis of glycerol in biodiesel, being a fast, sensitive, and low-cost technique due to its high stability and the use of small quantities of reagents.
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10
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Degrelle SA, Delile S, Moog S, Mouisel E, O'Gorman D, Moro C, Denechaud PD, Torre C. DietSee: An on-hand, portable, strip-type biosensor for lipolysis monitoring via real-time amperometric determination of glycerol in blood. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1155:338358. [PMID: 33766325 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol is a clinical biomarker of lipolysis that is mainly produced by adipose tissues. Blood glycerol content increases in pathological conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases or cancer cachexia, but also in response to energetic stress such as physical exercise. Accurate glycerol monitoring is therefore important in a range of healthcare contexts. However, current methods available for the quantification of glycerol are expensive, time-consuming, and require the extraction of plasma from blood, from which blood glycerol content is then extrapolated. Here, we report the development of a new point-of-care glycerometer device, DietSee, based on a strip-type biosensor that enables the quantification of glycerol directly from whole blood in 6 s. The performance of the biosensor was first evaluated using buffer solutions and spiked human and mouse plasma samples, and its response was compared with that of the gold-standard colorimetric method. The results obtained using DietSee correlated strongly with those from the reference method and demonstrated a linear response to glycerol levels across a wide range of concentrations (40-750 μM) that were representative of those in the human body. Next, the biosensor was validated using spiked human blood samples over a range of 30-55% hematocrit; it also demonstrated a strong correlation with reference measurements under these conditions (R2 = 0.97). In addition, the biosensor was only minimally affected by a variety of potential interferents (endogenous and exogenous) and was highly stable in storage (more than 2 years when strips were stored dry at 4 °C). Finally, we investigated the application of the biosensor to real-time monitoring of lipolysis and found that the DietSee is well adapted for this purpose in both human and mouse samples. To conclude, the novel DietSee glycerometer is a sensitive, selective, and rapid tool that enables characterization of the metabolic status of an individual by measuring the glycerol concentration from a single fingertip blood drop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sébastien Delile
- Inovarion, F-75005, Paris, France; LSee S.A.S., F-20090, Ajaccio, France
| | | | - Etienne Mouisel
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, 31330, Toulouse, France
| | - Donal O'Gorman
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cédric Moro
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, 31330, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Damien Denechaud
- INSERM, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31432, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, 31330, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyril Torre
- Inovarion, F-75005, Paris, France; LSee S.A.S., F-20090, Ajaccio, France.
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11
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Li H, Gu S, Zhang Q, Song E, Kuang T, Chen F, Yu X, Chang L. Recent advances in biofluid detection with micro/nanostructured bioelectronic devices. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:3436-3453. [PMID: 33538736 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07478k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most biofluids contain a wide variety of biochemical components that are closely related to human health. Analyzing biofluids, such as sweat and tears, may deepen our understanding in pathophysiologic conditions associated with human body, while providing a variety of useful information for the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and disease. Emerging classes of micro/nanostructured bioelectronic devices for biofluid detection represent a recent breakthrough development of critical importance in this context, including traditional biosensors (TBS) and micro/nanostructured biosensors (MNBS). Related biosensors are not restricted to flexible and wearable devices; solid devices are also involved here. This article is a timely overview of recent technical advances in this field, with an emphasis on the new insights of constituent materials, design architectures and detection methods of MNBS that support the necessary levels of biocompatibility, device functionality, and stable operation for component analysis. An additional section discusses and analyzes the existing challenges, possible solutions and future development of MNBS for detecting biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shaochun Gu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Qianmin Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Enming Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tairong Kuang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China. and School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P. R. China
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12
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Real-time glucose monitoring system containing enzymatic sensor and enzymatic reference electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 164:112338. [PMID: 32553347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Every electrochemical biosensor uses two or three electrode setup, which involves sensing electrode for a specific reaction, metal/salt reference electrode (i.e., Ag/AgCl or Hg/Hg2Cl2) for the control of the potential and, is some cases, counter electrode for the compensation of the current. This setup has significant flaws related to metal/salt reference electrodes: they are bulky and difficult to miniaturize, leak electrolyte to the medium, lose the ability to define the electrochemical potential precisely in time, consequently, have to be updated or replaced. This causes problems when the biosensor cannot be easily replaced (e.g., implanted electronics). Here we present a fully enzymatic real-time glucose monitoring system capable of referencing its own electrochemical potential. Using sensing electrode composed of wired glucose dehydrogenase and enzymatic reference electrode composed of wired laccase we have created a stable and accurate electrode system, which measured fluxes in concentration of glucose in a physiological range (3-8 mM), and demonstrated performance of the designed system in undiluted human serum. In addition, our designed enzymatic reference electrode is universal and may be applied for other biosensors, thus open possibilities for the new generation of implantable devices for healthcare monitoring.
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13
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Nanocatalysts Containing Direct Electron Transfer-Capable Oxidoreductases: Recent Advances and Applications. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electron transfer (DET)-capable oxidoreductases are enzymes that have the ability to transfer/receive electrons directly to/from solid surfaces or nanomaterials, bypassing the need for an additional electron mediator. More than 100 enzymes are known to be capable of working in DET conditions; however, to this day, DET-capable enzymes have been mainly used in designing biofuel cells and biosensors. The rapid advance in (semi) conductive nanomaterial development provided new possibilities to create enzyme-nanoparticle catalysts utilizing properties of DET-capable enzymes and demonstrating catalytic processes never observed before. Briefly, such nanocatalysts combine several cathodic and anodic catalysis performing oxidoreductases into a single nanoparticle surface. Hereby, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first review concerning such nanocatalytic systems involving DET-capable oxidoreductases. We outlook the contemporary applications of DET-capable enzymes, present a principle of operation of nanocatalysts based on DET-capable oxidoreductases, provide a review of state-of-the-art (nano) catalytic systems that have been demonstrated using DET-capable oxidoreductases, and highlight common strategies and challenges that are usually associated with those type catalytic systems. Finally, we end this paper with the concluding discussion, where we present future perspectives and possible research directions.
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14
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Pirzada M, Altintas Z. Nanomaterials for Healthcare Biosensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5311. [PMID: 31810313 PMCID: PMC6928990 DOI: 10.3390/s19235311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of nanomaterials have been explored for their applications in biomedical diagnostics, making their applications in healthcare biosensing a rapidly evolving field. Nanomaterials introduce versatility to the sensing platforms and may even allow mobility between different detection mechanisms. The prospect of a combination of different nanomaterials allows an exploitation of their synergistic additive and novel properties for sensor development. This paper covers more than 290 research works since 2015, elaborating the diverse roles played by various nanomaterials in the biosensing field. Hence, we provide a comprehensive review of the healthcare sensing applications of nanomaterials, covering carbon allotrope-based, inorganic, and organic nanomaterials. These sensing systems are able to detect a wide variety of clinically relevant molecules, like nucleic acids, viruses, bacteria, cancer antigens, pharmaceuticals and narcotic drugs, toxins, contaminants, as well as entire cells in various sensing media, ranging from buffers to more complex environments such as urine, blood or sputum. Thus, the latest advancements reviewed in this paper hold tremendous potential for the application of nanomaterials in the early screening of diseases and point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
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