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Yin B, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zeng H, Xu J, Li H, Li Y, Zhang M. Compact contactless conductometric, ultraviolet photometric and dual-detection cells for capillary electrophoresis via additive manufacturing. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464469. [PMID: 37924616 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for tailored detectors in capillary electrophoresis (CE), addressing tasks like field deployment or dual-detection analysis, emphasizes the necessity for compact detection cells. In this work, we propose cost-effective and user-friendly additive manufacturing (3D-printing) approaches to produce such miniaturized detection cells suitable for a range of CE applications. Firstly, capacitively-coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) cells of different sizes are fabricated by casting low-melting-point alloy into 3D-printed molds. Various designs of Faraday shields are integrated within the cells and compared. A mini-C4D cell (9.5×7.0×7.5 mm3) is produced, with limits of detection for alkaline cations ranging from 8-12 μM in a short-capillary based CE application. Secondly, ultraviolet photometric (UV-PD) detection cells are fabricated using 3D printing. These cells feature two narrow slits with a width of 60 μm, which are positioned along the path of incident and transmission light to facilitate collimation. A deep UV-LED (235 nm or 255 nm) is employed as the light source, and black resin is determined to be the optimal material for 3D printing the UV-PD cell, owing to its superior UV light absorption capabilities. The UV-PD cell is connected to the LED and photodetector through two optical fibers, making it easy to switch the light source and detector. The effective pathlength and stray light percentage for detecting on a 75 μm id capillary are 74 μm and 0.5 %, respectively. Thirdly, a dual-detection cell that combined C4D and UV-PD at a single detection point is proposed. The performance of direct detection by C4D and indirect detection by UV-PD is compared for detecting organic acids. The strategies for developing cost-effective compact detection cells facilitate the versatile integration of multiple detection methods in CE analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjie Yin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hongzhou Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
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Šikula M, Vaněčková E, Hromadová M, Kolivoška V. Spectroelectrochemical sensing of reaction intermediates and products in an affordable fully 3D printed device. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341379. [PMID: 37257964 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in fused deposition modelling 3D printing (FDM 3DP) and synthesis of printable electrically conductive materials enabled the manufacture of customized electrodes and electrochemical devices by this technique. The past couple of years have seen a boom in applying approaches of FDM 3DP in the realm of spectroelectrochemistry (SEC). Despite significant progress, reported designs of SEC devices still rely on conventionally manufactured optical components such as quartz windows and cuvettes. To bridge this technological gap, in this work we apply bi-material FDM 3DP combining electrically conductive and optically translucent filaments to manufacture working electrodes and cells, constituting a fully integrated microfluidic platform for transmission absorption UV-Vis SEC measurements. The cell design enables de-aeration of samples and their convenient handling and analysis. Employing cyclic voltammetric measurements with ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate, ethylviologen dibromide and ferrocenemethanol redox-active probes as model analytes, we demonstrate that the presented platform allows SEC sensing of reactants, intermediates and products of charge transfer reactions, including the inspection of their long-term stability. Approaches developed and presented in this work pave the way for manufacturing customized SEC devices with dramatically reduced costs compared to currently available commercial platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Šikula
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Vaněčková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Rosa CE, Jorge FN, Luis GM, Juana CE, Edgar PD. 3D printed opto-microfluidic autonomous analyzer for photometric applications. HARDWAREX 2023; 14:e00406. [PMID: 36910021 PMCID: PMC9999204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
3D printed opto-microfluidic autonomous analyzer for photometric applications performs the automation of analytical micro-processes. The proposed device was designed under restrictions of small size and low energy consumption, which allow its portability for in-situ, on line and real time analysis. The autonomous process and auto-calibration consists of four functions: control and data acquisition; hydrodynamic: fluid pumping and flow injection; optical detection and wireless communication. All electronics systems where controlled with a virtual instrument interface. In the experiments carried out to measure fluorides, the results obtained were very close to those obtained with laboratory equipment. The consumption of reagents was 50% less and waste was reduced by 80%. The cost of the portable and autonomous microanalyzer is 75% less than large and robust laboratory equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camarillo-Escobedo Rosa
- National Technological Institute of Mexico – La Laguna, Mechanic and Mechatronics Department, Blvd. Revolución & Calz. Cuauhtemoc S/N, Torreon, Coah., Mexico
- Universidad de Guadalajara-CUCEI, Translational Biomedical Engineering Department, Av. Revolución #1500, Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico
| | - Flores-Nuñez Jorge
- Universidad de Guadalajara-CUCEI, Translational Biomedical Engineering Department, Av. Revolución #1500, Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico
| | - García-Muñoz Luis
- National Technological Institute of Mexico – La Laguna, Computer System Department, Revolución & Calz. Cuauhtemoc S/N Torreon, Coah., Mexico
| | - Camarillo-Escobedo Juana
- National Technological Institute of Mexico – La Laguna, Electric and Electronic Department, Blvd. Revolución & Calz. Cuauhtemoc S/N, Torreon, Coah., Mexico
| | - Peña-Dominguez Edgar
- National Technological Institute of Mexico – La Laguna, Mechanic and Mechatronics Department, Blvd. Revolución & Calz. Cuauhtemoc S/N, Torreon, Coah., Mexico
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García-Moll L, Sixto A, Carrasco-Correa EJ, Miró M. 3D-printed chemiluminescence flow cells with customized cross-section geometry for enhanced analytical performance. Talanta 2023; 255:124211. [PMID: 36634426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Low force stereolithography is exploited for the first time for one-step facile fabrication of chemiluminescence (CL) flow-through cells that bear unrivalled features as compared to those available through milling or blowing procedures or alternative 3D printing technologies. A variety of bespoke cross-section geometries with polyhedral features (namely, triangular, square, and five-side polygon) as well as semicircular cross-section are herein critically evaluated in terms of analytical performance against the standardcircular cross-section in a flat spirally-shape format. The idea behind is to maximize capture of elicited light by the new designs while leveraging 3D printing further for fabrication of (i) customized gaskets that enable reliable attaching of the active mixing zone of the CL cell to the detection window, (ii) in-line 3D-printed serpentine reactors, and (iii) flow confluences with tailorable shapes for enhancing mixing of samples with CL reagents. Up to twenty transparent functional cells were simultaneously fabricated without inner supports following post-curing and surface treatment protocols lasting less than 5 h. In fact, previous attempts to print spirally-shaped cells in one-step by resorting to less cost effective photopolymer inkjet printing technologies were unsuccessful because of the requirement of lengthy procedures (>15 days) for quantitative removal of the support material. By exploiting the phthalazinedione-hydrogen peroxide chemistry as a model reaction, the five-side irregular pentagon cell exhibited superior analytical figures of merit in terms of LOD, dynamic range and intermediate precision as compared to alternative designs. Computational fluid dynamic simulations for mapping velocities at the entry region of the spiral cell corroborated the fact that the 5-side polygon cross-section flow-cell with Y-type confluence permitted the most efficient mixing of reagents and sample while enabling larger flow velocities near the inlet that contribute to a more efficient capture of the photons from the flash-type reaction. The applicability of the 3D-printed 5-side polygon CL cell for automatic determination of hydrogen peroxide using a computerized hybrid flow system was demonstrated for the analysis of high matrix samples, viz., seawater and saliva, with relative recoveries ranging from 83 to 103%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llucia García-Moll
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alexandra Sixto
- Cátedra de Química Analítica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Enrique Javier Carrasco-Correa
- CLECEM Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner, 50, E-46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Lisboa TP, Alves GF, de Faria LV, de Souza CC, Matos MAC, Matos RC. 3D-printed electrode an affordable sensor for sulfanilamide monitoring in breast milk, synthetic urine, and pharmaceutical formulation samples. Talanta 2022; 247:123610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Reverse flow injection method for field determination of nitrate in estuarine and coastal waters using a custom-made linear light path flow cell and the vanadium reduction method. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang T, Wang C, Xu X, Li Z, Li D. One-Step Electrodeposition Synthesized Aunps/Mxene/ERGO for Selectivity Nitrite Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1892. [PMID: 34443726 PMCID: PMC8401988 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a new nanocomposite AuNPs/MXene/ERGO was prepared for sensitive electrochemical detection of nitrite. The nanocomposite was prepared by a facile one-step electrodeposition, HAuCl4, GO and MXene mixed in PBS solution with the applied potential of -1.4 V for 600 s. The modified material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrochemical behavior of nitrite at the modified electrode was performed by CV and chronoamperometry. The AuNPs/MXene/ERGO/GCE showed a well-defined oxidation peak for nitrite at +0.83 V (Vs. Ag/AgCl) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7). The amperometric responses indicated the sensor had linear ranges of 0.5 to 80 μM and 80 to 780 μM with the LOD (0.15 μM and 0.015 μM) and sensitivity (340.14 and 977.89 μA mM-1 cm-2), respectively. Moreover, the fabricated sensor also showed good selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability with satisfactory recoveries for a real sample. We also propose the work that needs to be done in the future for material improvements in the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Wang
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.W.); (C.W.); (X.X.); (Z.L.)
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cong Wang
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.W.); (C.W.); (X.X.); (Z.L.)
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xianbao Xu
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.W.); (C.W.); (X.X.); (Z.L.)
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhen Li
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.W.); (C.W.); (X.X.); (Z.L.)
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daoliang Li
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.W.); (C.W.); (X.X.); (Z.L.)
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- China-EU Center for Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
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Yang L, Pan G, Zhang P, Liu Q, Liu X, Li Y, Liang Y, Zhang M. 3D printed two-in-one on-capillary detector: Combining contactless conductometric and photometric detection for capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1159:338427. [PMID: 33867034 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, a 3D printed two-in-one on-capillary detector, combining contactless conductometric detection (C4D) and photometric detection (PD), is fabricated for capillary electrophoresis (CE). The C4D Faraday shield (FS) is printed using electrically conductive composite polylactic acid (PLA) to minimize the stray capacitance. Non-conductive PLA is also used to print the insulator of FS to prevent the electrical conduction with two stainless steel electrodes. A novel collimator, consisting of two partially aligned pinholes, is printed by conductive material to collimate the light-emitting diode beam. The C4D detection has a signal-to-noise ratio of 1092 ± 2 for 200 μM potassium on a 25 μm id capillary. The PD detection shows excellent linearity with stray light down to 8% and an effective path length at 73% of a 75 μm id capillary. The analytical performance is demonstrated by CE separation and detection of cations. PD shows limits of detection (LODs) of 1.3, 0.9, and 1.7 μM for cobalt, copper and zinc, which are complexed with 4-(2-Pyridylazo) resorcinol, while C4D shows LODs of 1.2, 1.4, 21 and 2.6 μM for potassium, sodium, cobalt and zinc, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Guangchao Pan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Piwang Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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Carrasco-Correa EJ, Simó-Alfonso EF, Herrero-Martínez JM, Miró M. The emerging role of 3D printing in the fabrication of detection systems. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Davis JJ, Foster SW, Grinias JP. Low-cost and open-source strategies for chemical separations. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461820. [PMID: 33453654 PMCID: PMC7870555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward utilizing open access resources for laboratory research has begun. Open-source design strategies for scientific hardware rely upon the use of widely available parts, especially those that can be directly printed using additive manufacturing techniques and electronic components that can be connected to low-cost microcontrollers. Open-source software eliminates the need for expensive commercial licenses and provides the opportunity to design programs for specific needs. In this review, the impact of the "open-source movement" within the field of chemical separations is described, primarily through a comprehensive look at research in this area over the past five years. Topics that are covered include general laboratory equipment, sample preparation techniques, separations-based analysis, detection strategies, electronic system control, and software for data processing. Remaining hurdles and possible opportunities for further adoption of open-source approaches in the context of these separations-related topics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Samuel W Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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12
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McMillin RE, Luxon AR, Ferri JK. Enabling intensification of multiphase chemical processes with additive manufacturing. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 285:102294. [PMID: 33164781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fixed bed supports of various materials (metal, ceramic, polymer) and geometries are used to enhance the performance of many unit operations in chemical processes. Consider first metal and ceramic monolith support structures, which are typically extruded. Extruded monoliths contain regular, parallel channels enabling high throughput because of the low pressure drop accompanying high flow rate. However, extruded channels have a low surface-area-to-volume ratio resulting in low contact between the fluid phase and the support. Additive manufacturing, also referred to as three dimensional printing (3DP), can be used to overcome these disadvantages by offering precise control over key design parameters of the fixed bed including material-of-construction and total bed surface area, as well as accommodating system integration features compatible with continuous flow chemistry. These design parameters together with optimized extrinsic process conditions can be tuned to prepare customizable separation and reaction systems based on objectives for chemical process and/or the desired product. We discuss key elements of leveraging the flexibility of additive manufacturing to intensification with a focus on applications in continuous flow processes and disperse, multiphase systems enabling a range of scalable chemistry spanning discovery to manufacturing operations.
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Malasuk C, Ishimatsu R, Morita K, Yoshioka H, Oki Y. Flow-through optical device based on silicone optical technology (SOT) for determination of iron in drinkable tap water. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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STRZELAK K, MALASUK C, OKI Y, MORITA K, ISHIMATSU R. 3D printed silicone platforms with laser-scattering protein detection under flow analysis conditions as a development of Silicone Optical Technology (SOT). Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhou J, Chu W, Lu D, Liu J, Mao X, Na X, Zhang S, Qian Y. A novel 3D printed negative pressure small sampling system for bubble-free liquid core waveguide enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2020; 216:120942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
The rapid development of additive technologies in recent years is accompanied by their intensive introduction into various fields of science and related technologies, including analytical chemistry. The use of 3D printing in analytical instrumentation, in particular, for making prototypes of new equipment and manufacturing parts having complex internal spatial configuration, has been proved as exceptionally effective. Additional opportunities for the widespread introduction of 3D printing technologies are associated with the development of new optically transparent, current- and thermo-conductive materials, various composite materials with desired properties, as well as possibilities for printing with the simultaneous combination of several materials in one product. This review will focus on the application of 3D printing for production of new advanced analytical devices, such as compact chromatographic columns for high performance liquid chromatography, flow reactors and flow cells for detectors, devices for passive concentration of toxic compounds and various integrated devices that allow significant improvements in chemical analysis. A special attention is paid to the complexity and functionality of 3D-printed devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel N. Nesterenko
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1–3 Leninskie Gory , GSP-3 , Moscow , Russian Federation
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17
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Spano MB, Tran BH, Majumdar S, Weiss GA. 3D-Printed Labware for High-Throughput Immobilization of Enzymes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8480-8488. [PMID: 32502347 PMCID: PMC9096805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In continuous flow biocatalysis, chemical transformations can occur under milder, greener, more scalable, and safer conditions than conventional organic synthesis. However, the method typically involves extensive screening to optimize each enzyme's immobilization on its solid support material. The task of weighing solids for large numbers of experiments poses a bottleneck for screening enzyme immobilization conditions. For example, screening conditions often require multiple replicates exploring different support chemistries, buffer compositions, and temperatures. Thus, we report 3D-printed labware designed to measure and handle solids in multichannel format and expedite screening of enzyme immobilization conditions. To demonstrate the generality of these advances, alkaline phosphatase, glucose dehydrogenase, and laccase were screened for immobilization efficiency on seven resins. The results illustrate the requirements for optimization of each enzyme's loading and resin choice for optimal catalytic performance. Here, 3D-printed labware can decrease the requirements for an experimentalist's time by >95%. The approach to rapid optimization of enzyme immobilization is applicable to any enzyme and many solid support resins. Furthermore, the reported devices deliver precise and accurate aliquots of essentially any granular solid material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Spano
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, United States of America
| | - Brandan H. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, United States of America
| | - Sudipta Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-3900, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-3958, United States of America
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Sosnowski P, Hopfgartner G. Application of 3D printed tools for customized open port probe-electrospray mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 215:120894. [PMID: 32312439 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three dimensional printed open port probe (3DP-OPP) and air displacement based liquid handler, were designed and optimized using fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolitography (SLA) 3D printing. The performance of the devices were investigated for the analysis of solid and liquid samples with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Direct analysis in less than 1 min and without any sample preparation, enabled detection of pesticides (azoxtystrobin/imazalil) on fruits peel surface and illegal substances (MDMA/MDEA) in home-made pills. Conjunction of OPP in the overspill mode with a customized autosampler, equipped with disposable pipette tips, enables direct quantitative analysis of drugs of abuse in urine and plasma, with minimized carry-over and reduced matrix effect compared to flow injection analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sosnowski
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Zagatto EA, Rocha FR. The multiple facets of flow analysis. A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1093:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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