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Devaux J, Barrère-Mangote C, Giusti P, Heinisch S, Afonso C, Mignot M. Online Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Hyphenated to Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry with Quadrupole Detection for Microalgae Bio-Oil Characterization. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39259673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are an attractive feedstock for biofuel production thanks to their renewable nature, high growth rate, and ability to use anthropogenic CO2. The conversion of microalgae by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) leads to a solid residue, a gaseous phase, and a biocrude. However, the bio-oil is rich in heteroatoms and requires upgrading processes to be used as biofuels. For these treatments to be effective, detailed knowledge of the sample is crucial. The bio-oil was characterized by direct introduction into a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (DI-FTICR MS) with an electrospray ionization source (ESI). Thousands of molecular formulas were assigned with a high level of confidence, mainly compounds with nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Additionally, the bio-oil was analyzed by coupling supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and FTICR to combine the separation power of SFC to the high performances of a 12 T FTICR. Quadrupole detection (2ω) was used in FTICR to have a high resolving power with a lower transient time. The coupling allowed the separation of many isomers along the chromatogram, showing the isomeric complexity of microalgae bio-oils. Moreover, classes of compounds were separated according to their heteroatom class thanks to the SFC separation. In this work, the advantages of DI-FTICR MS and SFC-FTICR MS proved complementary, and DI was useful to study the bio-oil at the molecular scale thanks to the high performances, while SFC proved useful for the characterization at the isomeric scale. This demonstrated the significant potential of this new online hyphenated technique for the characterization of complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Devaux
- ::CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
- ::Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France
- ::International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Caroline Barrère-Mangote
- ::International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
- ::TotalEnergies One Tech, R&D, Downstream Processes & Polymers, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- ::International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
- ::TotalEnergies One Tech, R&D, Downstream Processes & Polymers, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- ::Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- ::CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
- ::International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Mélanie Mignot
- ::CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
- ::International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
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Palacio Lozano DC, Lester DW, Town JS, McKenna AM, Wills M. Assessment of Accelerated Aging Effect of Bio-Oil Fractions Utilizing Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and k-Means Clustering of van Krevelen Compositional Space. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2024; 38:16473-16489. [PMID: 39257465 PMCID: PMC11382156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Bio-oils contain a substantial number of highly oxygenated hydrocarbons, which often exhibit low thermal stability during storage, handling, and refining. The primary objectives of this study are to characterize the hydroxyl group in bio-oil fractions and to investigate the relationship between the type of hydroxyl group and accelerated aging behavior. A bio-oil was fractionated into five solubility-based fractions, classified in two main groups: water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. These fractions were then subjected to chemoselective reactions to tag molecules containing hydroxyl groups and analyzed by negative-ion electrospray ionization 21 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The fractions were also subjected to accelerated aging experiments and characterized by FT-ICR MS and bulk viscosity measurements. Extracting insightful information from ultrahigh-resolution data to aid in predicting upgrading methodologies and instability behaviors of bio-oils is challenging due to the complexity of the data. To address this, an unsupervised learning technique, k-means clustering analysis, was used to semiquantify molecular compositions with a close Euclidean distance within the (O/C, H/C) chemical space. The combination of k-means analysis with findings from chemoselective reactions allowed the distinctive hydroxyl functionalities across the samples to be inferred. Our results indicate that the hexane-soluble fraction contained numerous molecules containing primary and secondary alcohols, while the water-soluble fraction displayed diverse groups of oxygenated compounds, clustered near to carbohydrate-like and pyrolytic humin-like materials. Despite its high oxygen content, the water-soluble fraction showed minimal changes in viscosity during aging. In contrast, a significant increase in viscosity was observed in the water-insoluble materials, specifically, the low- and high-molecular-weight lignin fractions (LMWL and HMWL, respectively). Among these two fractions, the HMWL exhibited the highest increase in viscosity after only 4 h of accelerated aging. Our results indicate that this aging behavior is attributed to an increased number of molecular compositions containing phenolic groups. Thus, the chemical compositions within the HMWL are the major contributors to the viscosity changes in the bio-oil under accelerated aging conditions. This highlights the crucial role of oxygen functionality in bio-oil aging, suggesting that a high oxygen content alone does not necessarily correlate with an increase of viscosity. Unlike other bio-oil categorization methods based on constrained molecule locations within the van Krevelen compositional space, k-means clustering can identify patterns within ultrahigh-resolution data inherent to the unique chemical fingerprint of each sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel W Lester
- Polymer Characterisation Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - J S Town
- Polymer Characterisation Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Martin Wills
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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Mase C, Maillard JF, Piparo M, Friederici L, Rüger CP, Marceau S, Paupy B, Hubert-Roux M, Afonso C, Giusti P. GC-FTICR mass spectrometry with dopant assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization: application to the characterization of plastic pyrolysis oil. Analyst 2023; 148:5221-5232. [PMID: 37724415 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis is a promising way to convert plastic waste into valuable resources. However, for downstream upgrading processes, many undesirable species, such as conjugated diolefins or heteroatom-containing compounds, can be generated during this pyrolysis. In-depth chemical characterization is therefore required to improve conversion and valorization. Because of the high molecular diversity found in these samples, advanced analytical instrumentation is needed to provide accurate and complete characterization. Generally, direct infusion Fourier transform mass spectrometry is used to gather information at the molecular level, but it has the disadvantage of limited structural insights. To overcome this drawback, gas chromatography has been coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. By taking advantage of soft atmospheric pressure photoionization, which preserves molecular information, and the use of different dopants (pyrrole, toluene, and benzene), selective ionization of different chemical families was achieved. Differences in the ionization energy of the dopants will only allow the ionization of the molecules of the pyrolysis oil which have lower ionization energy, or which are accessible via specific chemical ionization pathways. With a selective focus on hydrocarbon species and especially hydrocarbon species having a double bond equivalent (DBE) value of 2, pyrrole is prone to better ionize low-mass molecules with lower retention times compared to the dopant benzene, which allowed better ionization of high-mass molecules with higher retention times. The toluene dopant presented the advantage of ionizing both low and high mass molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mase
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France.
- TotalEnergies OneTech, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Julien F Maillard
- TotalEnergies OneTech, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Marco Piparo
- TotalEnergies OneTech, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Lukas Friederici
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 27, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christopher P Rüger
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 27, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabrina Marceau
- TotalEnergies OneTech, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Benoit Paupy
- TotalEnergies OneTech, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France.
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France.
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, F-76000 Rouen, France.
- TotalEnergies OneTech, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
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Abou-Dib A, Aubriet F, Hertzog J, Vernex-Loset L, Schramm S, Carré V. Next Challenges for the Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Complex Organic Mixtures in the Field of Sustainable Energy. Molecules 2022; 27:8889. [PMID: 36558021 PMCID: PMC9786309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass by pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction gives access to a wide variety of molecules that can be used as fuel or as building blocks in the chemical industry. For such purposes, it is necessary to obtain their detailed chemical composition to adapt the conversion process, including the upgrading steps. Petroleomics has emerged as an integral approach to cover a missing link in the investigation bio-oils and linked products. It relies on ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry to attempt to unravel the contribution of many compounds in complex samples by a non-targeted approach. The most recent developments in petroleomics partially alter the discriminating nature of the non-targeted analyses. However, a peak referring to one chemical formula possibly hides a forest of isomeric compounds, which may present a large chemical diversity concerning the nature of the chemical functions. This identification of chemical functions is essential in the context of the upgrading of bio-oils. The latest developments dedicated to this analytical challenge will be reviewed and discussed, particularly by integrating ion source features and incorporating new steps in the analytical workflow. The representativeness of the data obtained by the petroleomic approach is still an important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincent Carré
- LCP A2MC, Université de Lorraine, F-57000 Metz, France
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Shi M, Fu C, Yu J, Yang Y, Shi P. A novel 2D metal–organic framework probe: a highly sensitive and visual fluorescent sensor for Al 3+, Cr 3+ and Fe 3+ ions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03911g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel 2D MOF Tb-DBA was constructed. Tb-DBA could detect Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ ions rapidly, sensitively, selectively, reversibly and visually. Tb-DBA represents a promising material for the quick detection of metal ions in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yapu Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, P. R. China
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Peris-Díaz MD, Krężel A. A guide to good practice in chemometric methods for vibrational spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and hyphenated mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Reymond C, Dubuis A, Le Masle A, Colas C, Chahen L, Destandau E, Charon N. Characterization of liquid–liquid extraction fractions from lignocellulosic biomass by high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Off-line comprehensive size exclusion chromatography × reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of lignocellulosic biomass products. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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