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Abbasalizadeh A, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Farajzadeh MA, Nemati M, Sorouraddin SM. Dispersive solid phase extraction of apixaban from human plasma samples prior to capillary electrophoresis determination using zirconium-based metal organic frameworks prepared by different modulator and solvent. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1251:124417. [PMID: 39705892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024]
Abstract
Here, a zirconium-based metal organic framework-dispersive solid phase extraction method was established as an efficient, robust, and accurate approach for quantifying apixabanin human plasma samples prior to capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection. Various types of metal organic frameworks based on UiO-66-NH2 were synthesized by altering modulators and solvents and applied as sorbents in the extraction procedure. Among the tested sorbents, UiO-66-NH2 prepared in dimethylformamide in the presence of acetic acid was found to be the best sorbent in this method for the extraction of apixaban with high extraction efficiency comparable to other types of UiO-66-NH2 metal organic frameworks. The extraction and preconcentration of apixaban were carried out by adding 5 mg of synthesized sorbent to a 5 mL sample solution, followed by vortexing for 3 min. After discarding the supernatant, the adsorbed analyte was eluted from the sorbent surface using 60 µL acetonitrile under vortexing for 2 min. The effective parameters of the offered method were optimized and validated using a one-parameter-at-a- time strategy. The detection and quantification limits of the method were 9.9 and 32 ng mL-1 in plasma and 1.5 and 4.9 ng mL-1 in deionized water, respectively. The method was linear ranging from 4.9 to 1000 ng mL-1 in deionized water and from 32 to 500 ng mL-1 in plasma, respectively. The enrichment factor and extraction recovery values were 44 % and 53 %, respectively. The relative standard deviations were ≤6.2 % for intra- and inter-day precisions. Finally, the proposed method was successfully employed to quantify apixaban in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysa Abbasalizadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Street, Baku AZ1096, Azerbaijan.
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Kumarajith TM, Powell SM, Breadmore MC. Isotachophoretic quantification of total viable bacteria on meat and surfaces. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1296:342253. [PMID: 38401922 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantification of microbes, particularly live bacteria, is of utmost importance in assessing the quality of meat products. In the context of meat processing facilities, prompt identification and removal of contaminated carcasses or surfaces is crucial to ensuring the continuous production of safe meat for human consumption. The plate count method and other traditional detection methods are not only labour-intensive but also time-consuming taking 24-48 h. RESULTS In this report, we present a novel isotachophoretic quantification method utilizing two nucleic acid stains, SYTO9 and propionic iodide, for the detection of total viable bacteria. The study employed E. coli M23 bacteria as a model organism, with an analysis time of only 30 min. The method demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) of 184 CFU mL-1 and 14 cells mL-1 for total viable count and total cell count, respectively. Furthermore, this new approach is capable of detecting the microbial quality standard limits for food contacting surfaces (10 CFU cm-2) and meat (1.99 × 104 CFU cm-2) by swabbing an area of 10 × 10 cm2. SIGNIFICANCE In contrast to the culture-based methods usually employed in food processing facilities, this isotachophoretic technique enables easy and rapid detection (<30 min) of microorganisms, facilitating crucial decision-making essential for maintaining product quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thisara M Kumarajith
- Australia Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Tasmania, Australia; Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australia Centre for Research on Separation Science, Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Tasmania, Australia.
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3
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Wang Y, Zeng Z, Yang L, Zeng H, Li Y, Pu Q, Zhang M. Three-in-One Detector by 3D Printing: Simultaneous Contactless Conductivity, Ultraviolet Absorbance, and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements for Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2146-2151. [PMID: 36642960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe a 3-in-1 detector for simultaneous contactless conductivity (C4D), ultraviolet absorbance (UV-AD), and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements on a single detection point for capillary electrophoresis (CE). A key component of the detector was a rectangular detector head that was assembled with four 3D-printed parts. Two parts covering the detector head to function as a Faraday cage were fused deposition modeling printed using an electrically conductive material. The other two parts in between the conductive parts were stereolithography (SLA) printed with high-resolution (50 μm) constructions on the surface. After assembling the two SLA printed parts, several cavities were built with the surface constructions. Two electrodes and a Faraday shield for C4D were cast by injecting molten Wood's metal into the cavities. For UV-AD, a slit (100 μm width) was created by putting together two grooves (50 μm depth) on the surface of the SLA printed parts. A 255 nm UV-LED was used as the light source. The effective path length and stray light for a 50 μm id capillary were 39 μm and 13%, which were superior to those of other reported 3D-printed AD detectors. Confocal LIF detection was conducted by using an objective lens to focus the laser on the capillary via a through-hole. The detector was used to detect model analytes, including inorganic and organic ions, and fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled amino acids in a signal-run CE separation. In detecting fluorescein, LODs were 1.3 μM (C4D), 2.0 μM (UV-AD), and 1 nM (LIF). The calibration ranges covered from 0.01 μM to 500 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zihan Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Liye Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
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4
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Pascual-Caro S, Borrull F, Calull M, Aguilar C. Recent chromatographic and electrophoretic based methods for determining drugs of abuse in urine and oral fluid: A review from 2018 to June 2021. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Bolkvadze V, Bondar D, Vaher M, Halling E, Gorbatsova J, Mazina-Šinkar J. The influence of organic solvents on phenylethylamines in capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Růžička M, Kaljurand M, Gorbatšova J, Vaher M, Mazina-Šinkar J. Portable fully automated oral fluid extraction device for illegal drugs. Talanta 2022; 243:123389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Gao Z, Zhong W. Recent (2018-2020) development in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:115-130. [PMID: 33754195 PMCID: PMC7984737 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Development of new capillary electrophoresis (CE) methodology and instrumentation, as well as application of CE to solve new problems, remains an active research area because of the attractive features of CE compared to other separation techniques. In this review, we focus on the representative works about sample preconcentration, separation media or capillary coating development, detector construction, and multidimensional separation in CE, which are judiciously selected from the papers published in 2018-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Meng L, Ye S, Wu Y, You L. Determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and capillary electrophoresis with PDA detection. Forensic Sci Res 2021; 7:265-271. [PMID: 35784428 PMCID: PMC9245984 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2021.1986771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method was developed for pre-concentration and determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) with photodiode array detection. The method was based on the formation of tiny droplets of an organic extractant in the prepared sample solution using water-immiscible organic solvent (chloroform) dissolved in water-miscible organic dispersive solvent (isopropyl alcohol). The organic phase, which extracted eight drugs of abuse from the prepared urine solution, was separated by centrifugation. The sedimented phase was transferred into a small volume CE auto-sampler vial with 10 µL of 1% HCl methanol solution and evaporated to dryness. The residue was reconstituted in lidocaine hydrochloride (internal standard) aqueous solution and introduced by electrokinetic injection into CE. Under the optimum conditions, acceptable linear relationship was observed in the range of 3.0–500 ng/mL with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9982–0.9994 for spiked urine samples. The limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) was estimated to be 1.0 ng/mL. A recovery of 75.7%–90.6% was obtained for spiked samples. The mean relative error (MRE) was within ±7.0% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 6.9%. The proposed DLLME-CE procedure offers an alternative analytical approach for the sensitive detection of drugs of abuse in real urine samples.Key points The dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was involved for the determination of drugs in urine with capillary electrophoresis with photodiode array detection (CE-PDA). Good linearity, sensitivity, recovery and precision were achieved. The proposed method was eco-friendly with microliter scale solvent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Meng
- Department of Forensic Science, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuhai Ye
- Institute of Forensic Science, Fujian Provincial Public Security Department, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yilin Wu
- Department of Forensic Science, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linda You
- Department of Forensic Science, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou, China
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9
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Point-of-care testing of methylamphetamine with a portable optical fiber immunosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1192:339345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Patel SV, Lurie IS. The use of portable separation devices for forensic analysis: A review of recent literature. Forensic Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Fanali C, D'Orazio G, Gentili A, Fanali S. Potentiality of miniaturized techniques for the analysis of drugs of abuse. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:190-200. [PMID: 34148240 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electromigration (CE) and liquid chromatographic techniques (CLC/nano-LC) are miniaturized techniques offering distinct advantages over conventional ones in the field of separation science. Among these, high efficiency, high chromatographic resolution, and use of minute volumes of both mobile phase and sample volumes are the most important. CE and CLC/nano-LC have been applied to the analysis of many compounds including peptides, proteins, drugs, enantiomers, ions, etc. Over the years, the methods described here have also been used for the analysis of compounds of clinical, forensic, and toxicological interest. In this review article, the main features of the mentioned techniques are summarized. Their potentiality for the analysis of drugs of abuse are discussed. Some selected applications in this field in the period of 2015-present are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fanali
- Faculty of Science, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Orazio
- Institute for the Biological Systems, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Fanali
- Teaching Committee of Ph.D. School in Natural Science and Engineering, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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12
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Liu H, Xia L, Shen C, Huang C, Chu Y. Dopant for detection of methamphetamine in the presence of nicotine with ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4237-4246. [PMID: 33948704 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive and illegal psychostimulant drug and is currently one of the most commonly abused illicit drugs in the world. The on-site rapid detection of trace amounts of MA and screening illicit drugs in clandestine laboratories is important for drug enforcement agencies and the forensic community in general. However, detecting methamphetamine in the presence of nicotine and cigarette smoke by ion mobility spectrometry faces difficulty due to the overlapped spectral peaks of methamphetamine and nicotine. In this work, a new method was developed to detect MA using pyridine as a dopant in the presence of nicotine by a homemade ion mobility spectrometry. The reduced mobilities of MA and nicotine were measured under the temperatures of the drift tube from 40 to 120 °C and doping with pyridine. The result shows that the temperature of 100 °C is beneficial to resolve the two substances. The concentration of doped pyridine is optimized to be 18 ppm. In this doped experiment, the reaction rate of nicotine is higher than that of MA by measuring the instrumental responses of MA and nicotine. No matter how high the nicotine content is, the interference of nicotine can be eliminated in the detection of MA doped with pyridine. This method is also successfully applied for the determination of MA and nicotine simultaneously in real saliva samples. The limit of detection of MA was measured to be about 0.5 ng/μL. The promising results in this work provide an effective method for on-site detection of MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Chengyin Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Yannan Chu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
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13
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Davis JJ, Foster SW, Grinias JP. Low-cost and open-source strategies for chemical separations. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461820. [PMID: 33453654 PMCID: PMC7870555 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward utilizing open access resources for laboratory research has begun. Open-source design strategies for scientific hardware rely upon the use of widely available parts, especially those that can be directly printed using additive manufacturing techniques and electronic components that can be connected to low-cost microcontrollers. Open-source software eliminates the need for expensive commercial licenses and provides the opportunity to design programs for specific needs. In this review, the impact of the "open-source movement" within the field of chemical separations is described, primarily through a comprehensive look at research in this area over the past five years. Topics that are covered include general laboratory equipment, sample preparation techniques, separations-based analysis, detection strategies, electronic system control, and software for data processing. Remaining hurdles and possible opportunities for further adoption of open-source approaches in the context of these separations-related topics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Samuel W Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States.
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14
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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy integrated with aligner mediated cleavage strategy for ultrasensitive and selective detection of methamphetamine. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1146:124-130. [PMID: 33461707 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New drugs and illicit synthesized mixtures detection at crime scenes is a great challenge for detection method, which requires anti-interference and ultrasensitive methods to detect methamphetamine (METH) in seized street samples and biological fluids. Herein, we constructed a surface-enhanced Raman sensing method based on aligner mediated cleavage (AMC) of nucleic acid for quantitative detection of METH for the first time. This method we proposed relied on AMC to achieve programmable sequence-specific cleavage of METH aptamer linked by gold nanoparticles (METH aptamer-Au NPs), the cleavage product-Au NPs conjugates (cleavage aptamer-Au NPs) would hybridize with complementary DNA (cDNA)-Au NPs, resulting in the aggregation of the Au NPs and concomitant plasmonic coupling effect. Besides, due to the base number of METH aptamer-Au NPs was decreased, the interparticle distance of the Au NPs was shortened, which increased the electric field enhancement factor. Thus, under the irradiation of the laser, rhodamine 6G (R6G) adsorbed on Au NPs generated a strong Raman signal. The detection limit reached 7 pM, the linear range was from 10 pM to 10 nM, and this detection method also showed good anti-interference ability and reproducibility in serum.
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