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Chen X, Jiang D, Jiang C, Yao C. A novel near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe targeting lysosomes for imaging HOCl in vitro and in vivo. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:121966. [PMID: 36252305 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), as an important biological reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays an important role in microbial immune defense and inflammatory response. Abnormal levels of HOCl in lysosomes can cause lysosomal membrane rupture and release of various hydrolases, leading to a variety of diseases, including cancer. In order to better monitor the level of HOCl in lysosomes, phenothiazine was chosen as fluorophore to construct a NIR fluorescent probe PMM with intramolecular change transfer process (ICT). PMM is a colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe, which has high sensitivity with a low detection limit (20 nM), high selectivity and anti-interference. PMM has good stability in the weakly acidic environment of pH 4.0-5.5. PPM has good localization ability for lysosomes and has been successfully used for fluorescence imaging of exogenous and endogenous HOCl in HepG2 cells. Moreover, nude mouse imaging also demonstrated that PMM could be used to detect HOCl in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Detao Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Chen Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Cheng Yao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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2
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Sreenan B, Lee B, Wan L, Zeng R, Zhao J, Zhu X. Review of Mn-Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Time-Resolved Luminescence Biosensing/Imaging. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:17413-17435. [PMID: 36874078 PMCID: PMC9980291 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been developed for decades and are widely applied in biosensing/imaging. However, their biosensing/imaging applications are mainly based on luminescence-intensity measurement, which suffers from autofluorescence in complex biological samples and thus limits the biosensing/imaging sensitivities. It is expected for these NCs to be further developed to gain luminescence features that can overcome sample autofluorescence. On the other hand, time-resolved luminescence measurement utilizing long-lived-luminescence probes is an efficient technique to eliminate short-lived autofluorescence of samples while recording time-resolved luminescence of the probes for signal measurement after pulsed excitation from a light source. Despite time-resolved measurement being very sensitive, the optical limitations of many of the current long-lived-luminescence probes cause time-resolved measurement to be generally performed in laboratories with bulky and costly instruments. In order to apply highly sensitive time-resolved measurement for in-field or point-of-care (POC) testing, it is essential to develop probes possessing high brightness, low-energy (visible-light) excitation, and long lifetimes of up to milliseconds. Such desired optical features can significantly simplify the design criteria of time-resolved measurement instruments and facilitate the development of low-cost, compact, sensitive instruments for in-field or POC testing. Mn-doped NCs have recently been in rapid development and provide a strategy to solve the challenges faced by both colloidal semiconductor NCs and time-resolved luminescence measurement. In this review, we outline the major achievements in the development of Mn-doped binary and multinary NCs, with emphasis on their synthesis approaches and luminescence mechanisms. Specifically, we demonstrate how researchers approached these obstacles to achieve the aforementioned desired optical properties on the basis of the progressive understanding of Mn emission mechanisms. Afterward, we review representative applications of Mn-doped NCs in time-resolved luminescence biosensing/imaging and present the potential of Mn-doped NCs in advancing time-resolved luminescence biosensing/imaging for in-field or POC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sreenan
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Bryan Lee
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ruosheng Zeng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jialong Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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3
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Zeng C, Chen Z, Yang M, Lv J, Li H, Gao J, Yuan Z. A Hydroxytricyanopyrrole-Based Fluorescent Probe for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Hypochlorous Acid. Molecules 2022; 27:7237. [PMID: 36364062 PMCID: PMC9656901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a reactive substance that reacts with most biomolecules and is essential in physiological and pathological processes. Abnormally elevated HOCl levels may cause inflammation and other disease responses. To further understand its key role in inflammation, HOCl must be detected in situ. Here, we designed a hydroxytricyanopyrrole-based small-molecule fluorescent probe (HTCP-NTC) to monitor and identify trace amounts of HOCl in biological systems. In the presence of HOCl, HTCP-NTC released hydroxyl groups that emit strong fluorescence covering a wide wavelength range from the visible to near-infrared region owing to the resumption of the intramolecular charge transfer process. Additionally, HTCP-NTC demonstrated a 202-fold fluorescence enhancement accompanied by a large Stokes shift and a low detection limit (21.7 nM). Furthermore, HTCP-NTC provided a rapid response to HOCl within 18 s, allowing real-time monitoring of intracellular HOCl. HTCP-NTC exhibited rapid kinetics and biocompatibility, allowing effective monitoring of the exogenous and endogenous HOCl fluctuations in living cells. Finally, based on fluorescence imaging, HTCP-NTC is a potential method for understanding the relationship between inflammation and HOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mingyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zeli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
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Lu X, Zhan Y, He W. Recent development of small-molecule fluorescent probes based on phenothiazine and its derivates. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112528. [PMID: 35907277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence probes, as analytical tools with the ability to perform rapid and sensitive detection of target analytes, have made outstanding contributions to environmental analysis and bioassays. Considering the expanding developments in these areas, fluorophores play a key role in the de-sign of fluorescence probes. Compared to classical fluorophores, phenothiazines with elec-tron-rich characteristics have been widely applied to construct electron donor-acceptor dyes, which exhibit outstanding performance in both fluorimetric and colorimetric analysis. In addition, these probes also exhibit the pronounced ability in both solution and solid-state, achieving portable detection for environmental analysis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the performance of phenothiazine-based fluorescent probes for detecting various analytes, especially in cations, anions, ROS/RSS, enzyme and other small molecules. The general design rules, response mechanisms and practical applications of the probes are analyzed, followed by a discussion of exiting challenges and future research perspectives. It is hoped that this review will provide a few strategies for the development of phenothiazine-based fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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5
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Wang J, Jin Y, Li M, Liu S, Lo KKW, Zhao Q. Time-Resolved Luminescent Sensing and Imaging for Enzyme Catalytic Activity Based on Responsive Probes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200429. [PMID: 35819359 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes, as a kind of biomacromolecules, play an important role in many physiological processes and relate directly to various diseases. Developing an efficient detection method for enzyme activity is important to achieve early diagnosis of enzyme-relevant diseases and high throughput screening of potential enzyme-relevant drugs. Time-resolved luminescence assay provide a high accuracy and signal-to-noise ratios detection methods for enzyme activity, which has been widely used in high throughput screening of enzyme-relevant drugs and diagnosis of enzyme-relevant diseases. Inspired by these advantages, various responsive probes based on metal complexes and metal-free organic compounds have been developed for time-resolved bioimaging and biosensing of enzyme activity owing to their long luminescence lifetimes, high quantum yields and photostability. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed metal complex- and metal-free organic compound-based responsive probes applied to detect enzyme activity through time-resolved imaging, including their design strategies and sensing principles. Current challenges and future prospects in this rapidly growing field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Yibiao Jin
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Mingdang Li
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Chemistry, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, CHINA
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
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6
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Sargazi S, Fatima I, Hassan Kiani M, Mohammadzadeh V, Arshad R, Bilal M, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM, Behzadmehr R. Fluorescent-based nanosensors for selective detection of a wide range of biological macromolecules: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:115-147. [PMID: 35231532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to their unique attributes, such as good sensitivity, selectivity, high surface-to-volume ratio, and versatile optical and electronic properties, fluorescent-based bioprobes have been used to create highly sensitive nanobiosensors to detect various biological and chemical agents. These sensors are superior to other analytical instrumentation techniques like gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis for being biodegradable, eco-friendly, and more economical, operational, and cost-effective. Moreover, several reports have also highlighted their application in the early detection of biomarkers associated with drug-induced organ damage such as liver, kidney, or lungs. In the present work, we comprehensively overviewed the electrochemical sensors that employ nanomaterials (nanoparticles/colloids or quantum dots, carbon dots, or nanoscaled metal-organic frameworks, etc.) to detect a variety of biological macromolecules based on fluorescent emission spectra. In addition, the most important mechanisms and methods to sense amino acids, protein, peptides, enzymes, carbohydrates, neurotransmitters, nucleic acids, vitamins, ions, metals, and electrolytes, blood gases, drugs (i.e., anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics), toxins, alkaloids, antioxidants, cancer biomarkers, urinary metabolites (i.e., urea, uric acid, and creatinine), and pathogenic microorganisms were outlined and compared in terms of their selectivity and sensitivity. Altogether, the small dimensions and capability of these nanosensors for sensitive, label-free, real-time sensing of chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical agents could be used in array-based screening and in-vitro or in-vivo diagnostics. Although fluorescent nanoprobes are widely applied in determining biological macromolecules, unfortunately, they present many challenges and limitations. Efforts must be made to minimize such limitations in utilizing such nanobiosensors with an emphasis on their commercial developments. We believe that the current review can foster the wider incorporation of nanomedicine and will be of particular interest to researchers working on fluorescence technology, material chemistry, coordination polymers, and related research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 98167-43463 Zahedan, Iran
| | - Iqra Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maria Hassan Kiani
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 1313199137, Iran
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, P. O. Box. 98613-35856, Iran.
| | - Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Razieh Behzadmehr
- Department of Radiology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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Wang M, Hu C, Su Q. Luminescent Lifetime Regulation of Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles for Biosensing. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020131. [PMID: 35200391 PMCID: PMC8869906 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles possess numerous advantages including tunable luminescence emission, narrow peak width and excellent optical and thermal stability, especially concerning the long lifetime from microseconds to milliseconds. Differing from other shorter-lifetime fluorescent nanomaterials, the long lifetime of lanthanide-doped nanomaterials is independent with background fluorescence interference and biological tissue depth. This review presents the recent advances in approaches to regulating the lifetime and applications of bioimaging and biodetection. We begin with the introduction of the strategies for regulating the lifetime by modulating the core-shell structure, adjusting the concentration of sensitizer and emitter, changing energy transfer channel, establishing a fluorescence resonance energy transfer pathway and changing temperature. We then summarize the applications of these nanoparticles in biosensing, including ion and molecule detecting, DNA and protease detection, cell labeling, organ imaging and thermal and pH sensing. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the lanthanide lifetime regulation for fundamental research and practical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chuanyu Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qianqian Su
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (Q.S.)
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Ambiliraj DB, Francis B, MLP R. Lysosome-targeting luminescent lanthanide complexes: From molecular design to bioimaging. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7748-7762. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00128d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are essential acidic cytoplasmic membrane-bound organelles in human cells that play a critical role in many cellular events. A comprehensive understanding of lysosome-specific imaging can ultimately help us to...
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Mouchel Dit Leguerrier D, Barré R, Molloy J, Thomas F. Lanthanide complexes as redox and ROS/RNS probes: A new paradigm that makes use of redox-reactive and redox non-innocent ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Kwon N, Kim D, Swamy K, Yoon J. Metal-coordinated fluorescent and luminescent probes for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Tian L, Feng H, Dai Z, Zhang R. Resorufin-based responsive probes for fluorescence and colorimetric analysis. J Mater Chem B 2020; 9:53-79. [PMID: 33226060 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01628d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence imaging technique has attracted increasing attention in the detection of various biological molecules in situ and in real-time owing to its inherent advantages including high selectivity and sensitivity, outstanding spatiotemporal resolution and fast feedback. In the past few decades, a number of fluorescent probes have been developed for bioassays and imaging by exploiting different fluorophores. Among various fluorophores, resorufin exhibits a high fluorescence quantum yield, long excitation/emission wavelength and pronounced ability in both fluorescence and colorimetric analysis. This fluorophore has been widely utilized in the design of responsive probes specific for various bioactive species. In this review, we summarize the advances in the development of resorufin-based fluorescent probes for detecting various analytes, such as cations, anions, reactive (redox-active) sulfur species, small molecules and biological macromolecules. The chemical structures of probes, response mechanisms, detection limits and practical applications are investigated, which is followed by the discussion of recent challenges and future research perspectives. This review article is expected to promote the further development of resorufin-based responsive fluorescent probes and their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China.
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Yan YH, Cui XL, Li ZY, Ding MM, Che QL, Miao JY, Zhao BX, Lin ZM. A synergetic FRET/ICT platform-based fluorescence probe for ratiometric imaging of bisulfite in lipid droplets. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1137:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Ultrasensitive and specific two-photon fluorescence detection of hypochlorous acid by a lysosome-targeting fluorescent probe for cell imaging. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113545. [PMID: 32846402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is involved in numerous cellular processes, such as pathogen response, immune regulation, and anti-inflammation. Consequently, the development of HOCl detection at the cellular level has been an important issue in investigating the dynamic distributions of HOCl. Herein, a fluorescent probe, Lyso-NA, containing a HOCl-reactive aminophenol group and a lysosomal-targeting morpholine group, has been effectively designed for detecting lysosomal HOCl. The reaction of Lyso-NA with HOCl induces the oxidation of aminophenol and accompanied by a 136-fold fluorescence enhancement. The detection limit is found at 13 nM. The fluorescence enhancement is accomplished through the suppression of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). With morpholine, the probe Lyso-NA shows the great lysosomal targetable ability for imaging endogenous lysosomal HOCl in living cells and tissues by two-photon microscopy, providing an opportunity to monitor HOCl in the lysosomes for understanding its biological functions.
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Monteiro JHSK. Recent Advances in Luminescence Imaging of Biological Systems Using Lanthanide(III) Luminescent Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:E2089. [PMID: 32365719 PMCID: PMC7248892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of luminescence in biological systems allows one to diagnose diseases and understand cellular processes. Molecular systems, particularly lanthanide(III) complexes, have emerged as an attractive system for application in cellular luminescence imaging due to their long emission lifetimes, high brightness, possibility of controlling the spectroscopic properties at the molecular level, and tailoring of the ligand structure that adds sensing and therapeutic capabilities. This review aims to provide a background in luminescence imaging and lanthanide spectroscopy and discuss selected examples from the recent literature on lanthanide(III) luminescent complexes in cellular luminescence imaging, published in the period 2016-2020. Finally, the challenges and future directions that are pointing for the development of compounds that are capable of executing multiple functions and the use of light in regions where tissues and cells have low absorption will be discussed.
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