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Gullifa G, Albertini C, Papa E, Petrucci R, Di Matteo P, Bortolami M, Materazzi S, Risoluti R. Fast and Reliable On-Site Quality Assessment of Essential Raw Brewing Materials Using MicroNIR and Chemometrics. Foods 2024; 13:2728. [PMID: 39272495 PMCID: PMC11394839 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The interest in the quality control of the raw materials, intermediates, and final products, as well as production methods, of beer has increased significantly in recent decades due to the needs and expectations of consumers. Increasing in the industrialization and globalization of beer supply chains led to a need for novel analytical tools suitable for the rapid and reliable characterization of the materials involved. In this study, an ultracompact instrument operating in the NIR region of the spectrum, microNIR, was tested for the chemical investigation of barley malts. The essential raw materials for brewing require careful control since they deeply affect the characteristic flavor and taste of the final products. Therefore, a robust prediction model able to classify base and specialty barley malts was developed starting from NIR measurements. Soft Independent Class Analogy (SIMCA) was selected as the chemometric technique for the optimization of two prediction models, and ground and sieved materials were investigated using spectroscopy. The microNIR/chemometric approach proposed in this study permitted the correct prediction of the malt samples included in the external validation set, providing false positive and false negative rates no higher than 3.41% and 0.25%, respectively, and confirming the feasibility of the novel analytical platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Gullifa
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Albertini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Papa
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Petrucci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Di Matteo
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Martina Bortolami
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Castro Laurenziano, 7, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Materazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Gullifa G, Barone L, Papa E, Giuffrida A, Materazzi S, Risoluti R. Portable NIR spectroscopy: the route to green analytical chemistry. Front Chem 2023; 11:1214825. [PMID: 37818482 PMCID: PMC10561305 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1214825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest for cost-effective and nondestructive analytical techniques in both research and application fields. The growing approach by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) pushes to develop handheld devices devoted to be easily applied for in situ determinations. Consequently, portable NIR spectrometers actually result definitively recognized as powerful instruments, able to perform nondestructive, online, or in situ analyses, and useful tools characterized by increasingly smaller size, lower cost, higher robustness, easy-to-use by operator, portable and with ergonomic profile. Chemometrics play a fundamental role to obtain useful and meaningful results from NIR spectra. In this review, portable NIRs applications, published in the period 2019-2022, have been selected to indicate starting references. These publications have been chosen among the many examples of the most recent applications to demonstrate the potential of this analytical approach which, not having the need for extraction processes or any other pre-treatment of the sample under examination, can be considered the "true green analytical chemistry" which allows the analysis where the sample to be characterized is located. In the case of industrial processes or plant or animal samples, it is even possible to follow the variation or evolution of fundamental parameters over time. Publications of specific applications in this field continuously appear in the literature, often in unfamiliar journal or in dedicated special issues. This review aims to give starting references, sometimes not easy to be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Gullifa
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Barone
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Papa
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Giuffrida
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S. Materazzi
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Gullifa G, Barone L, Papa E, Materazzi S, Risoluti R. On-Line Thermally Induced Evolved Gas Analysis: An Update-Part 2: EGA-FTIR. Molecules 2022; 27:8926. [PMID: 36558054 PMCID: PMC9788466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The on-line thermally induced evolved gas analysis (OLTI-EGA) is widely applied in many different fields. Aimed to update the applications, our group has systematically collected and published examples of EGA characterizations. Following the recently published review on EGA-MS applications, this second part reviews the latest applications of Evolved Gas Analysis performed by on-line coupling heating devices to infrared spectrometers (EGA-FTIR). The selected 2019, 2020, 2021 and early 2022 references are collected and briefly described in this review; these are useful to help researchers to easily find applications that are sometimes difficult to locate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Materazzi
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
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On-Line Thermally Induced Evolved Gas Analysis: An Update-Part 1: EGA-MS. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113518. [PMID: 35684458 PMCID: PMC9182359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in on-line thermally induced evolved gas analysis (OLTI-EGA) have been systematically reported by our group to update their applications in several different fields and to provide useful starting references. The importance of an accurate interpretation of the thermally-induced reaction mechanism which involves the formation of gaseous species is necessary to obtain the characterization of the evolved products. In this review, applications of Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA) performed by on-line coupling heating devices to mass spectrometry (EGA-MS), are reported. Reported references clearly demonstrate that the characterization of the nature of volatile products released by a substance subjected to a controlled temperature program allows us to prove a supposed reaction or composition, either under isothermal or under heating conditions. Selected 2019, 2020, and 2021 references are collected and briefly described in this review.
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Devanesan S, AlSalhi MS, Masilamani V, Alqahtany F, Rajasekar A, Alenazi A, Farhat K. Fluorescence spectroscopy as a novel technique for premarital screening of sickle cell disorders. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102276. [PMID: 33798750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Spectral diagnostic screening for sickle cell disease was carried out on volunteer blood samples (N = 100). The samples were subjected to different diagnostic methods including conventional complete blood count (CBC), hemoglobin electrophoresis (HBE) and spectral diagnosis. For the spectral diagnostic method, we discriminated three different characteristic spectral features. In total, 15 samples were sickle cell trait (SCT), 34 samples were sickle cell disease (SCD), and the rest of the samples (N = 51) were normal controls. The spectral discrimination of the three different sets of samples was distinguished on the quantification of fluorescent biomolecules such as tyrosine, tryptophan, NADH, FAD, and porphyrins. The results were compared with the conventional standard CBC and capillary electrophoresis findings. The spectral diagnosis method exhibited a sensitivity and specificity greater than 90 % for the tested samples. This technique requires only 5 mL blood samples, has an analysis time of 20 min, exhibits high accuracy and may be used in small clinics in remote villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vadivel Masilamani
- Masila's Cancer Diagnostics Private Limited, Madipakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600091, India
| | - Fatmah Alqahtany
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore, 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ahmed Alenazi
- Department Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karim Farhat
- Department of Urology, Cancer Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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