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Ban E, Kim A. PicoGreen assay for nucleic acid quantification - Applications, challenges, and solutions. Anal Biochem 2024; 692:115577. [PMID: 38789006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Various analytical methods and reagents have been employed for nucleic acid analysis in cells, biological fluids, and formulations. Standard techniques like gel electrophoresis and qRT-PCR are widely used for qualitative and quantitative nucleic acid analysis. However, these methods can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, with limitations such as inapplicability to small RNA at low concentrations and high costs associated with qRT-PCR reagents and instruments. As an alternative, PicoGreen (PG) has emerged as a valuable method for the quantitative analysis of nucleic acids. PG, a fluorescent dye, enables the quantitation of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) or double-stranded RNA, including miRNA mimic and siRNA, in solution. It is also applicable to DNA and RNA analysis within cells using techniques like FACS and fluorescence microscopy. Despite its advantages, PG's fluorescence intensity is affected by various experimental conditions, such as pH, salts, and chemical reagents. This review explores the recent applications of PG as a rapid, cost-effective, robust, and accurate assay tool for nucleic acid quantification. We also address the limitations of PG and discuss approaches to overcome these challenges, recognizing the expanding range of its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Ban
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Aeri Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea.
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Afari MNK, Lönnberg T. Base-Filling in Double-Helical Nucleic Acids. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202400088. [PMID: 38709096 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Base-filling, i. e., post-synthetic furnishing of an oligonucleotide scaffold with base moieties or their analogues, is an interesting alternative to the conventional approach of sequential coupling of building blocks (modified or otherwise). Reversible attachment of the base moieties is particularly attractive as it allows the use of dynamic combinatorial chemistry and usually leads to higher fidelity. This concept article summarizes the various backbones and coupling reactions used for base-filling over the past fifteen years, discusses the impact of base stacking and pairing on efficiency and fidelity and highlights potential and realized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuomas Lönnberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500, Turku, Finland
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Marín-Romero A, Pernagallo S. A comprehensive review of Dynamic Chemical Labelling on Luminex xMAP technology: a journey towards Drug-Induced Liver Injury testing. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6139-6149. [PMID: 37965948 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is a grave global adverse event that can result in fatal consequences, causing drug failures, market withdrawals, and regulatory warnings, leading to substantial financial losses. The early detection of DILI remains a significant challenge in global healthcare. Although circulating microRNAs (miRs) show promise as clinical biomarkers for DILI, the current analytical methods for their measurement are insufficient. There is a pressing need for rapid and reliable miR detection methods that eliminate the need for nucleic acid extraction and PCR-based amplification. This review highlights recent advancements achieved by integrating Dynamic Chemical Labelling (DCL) with Luminex xMAP technology. This powerful combination has resulted in groundbreaking bead-based assays that allow (1) the direct, multiplex detection of miRs, and (2) the simultaneous testing of miR and protein biomarkers. This triple capability enables a comprehensive assessment that significantly enhances the detection and analysis of crucial biomarkers, thus improving the understanding and diagnosis of DILI. In conclusion, this review offers valuable insights into the capabilities and potential applications of these groundbreaking assays in DILI research, as well as their potential use in other diagnostic and research domains that require direct or multiplex analysis of miRs or analysis of miRs in combination with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marín-Romero
- DESTINA Genomica S.L., Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Salvatore Pernagallo
- DESTINA Genomica S.L., Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
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Yasuura M, Tan ZL, Horiguchi Y, Ashiba H, Fukuda T. Improvement of Sensitivity and Speed of Virus Sensing Technologies Using nm- and μm-Scale Components. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6830. [PMID: 37571612 PMCID: PMC10422600 DOI: 10.3390/s23156830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Various viral diseases can be widespread and cause severe disruption to global society. Highly sensitive virus detection methods are needed to take effective measures to prevent the spread of viral infection. This required the development of rapid virus detection technology to detect viruses at low concentrations, even in the biological fluid of patients in the early stages of the disease or environmental samples. This review describes an overview of various virus detection technologies and then refers to typical technologies such as beads-based assay, digital assay, and pore-based sensing, which are the three modern approaches to improve the performance of viral sensing in terms of speed and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yasuura
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan; (Z.L.T.); (Y.H.); (H.A.); (T.F.)
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Robles-Remacho A, Luque-Gonzalez MA, López-Delgado FJ, Guardia-Monteagudo JJ, Fara MA, Pernagallo S, Sanchez-Martin RM, Diaz-Mochon JJ. Direct detection of alpha satellite DNA with single-base resolution by using abasic Peptide Nucleic Acids and Fluorescent in situ Hybridization. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114770. [PMID: 36270082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The detection of repetitive sequences with single-base resolution is becoming increasingly important aiming to understand the biological implications of genomic variation in these sequences. However, there is a lack of techniques to experimentally validate sequencing data from repetitive sequences obtained by Next-Generation Sequencing methods, especially in the case of Single-Nucleotide Variations (SNVs). That is one of the reasons why repetitive sequences have been poorly studied and excluded from most genomic studies. Therefore, in addition to sequencing data, there is an urgent need for efficient validation methods of genomic variation in these sequences. Herein we report the development of chemFISH, an alternative method for the detection of SNVs in repetitive sequences. ChemFISH is an innovative method based on dynamic chemistry labelling and abasic Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) probes to detect in situ the α-satellite DNA, organized in tandem repeats, with single-base resolution in a direct and rapid reaction. With this approach, we detected by microscopy the α-satellite DNA in a variety of human cell lines, we quantified the detection showing a low coefficient of variation among samples (13.16%-25.33%) and we detected single-base specificity with high sensitivity (82.41%-88.82%). These results indicate that chemFISH can serve as a rapid method to validate previously detected SNVs in sequencing data, as well as to find novel SNVs in repetitive sequences. Furthermore, the versatile chemistry behind chemFISH can lead to develop novel molecular assays for the in situ detection of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Robles-Remacho
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital of Granada/University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - M Angelica Luque-Gonzalez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital of Granada/University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - F Javier López-Delgado
- DESTINA Genomica S.L, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan J Guardia-Monteagudo
- DESTINA Genomica S.L, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Antonio Fara
- DESTINA Genomica S.L, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvatore Pernagallo
- DESTINA Genomica S.L, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Innovación 1, Edificio BIC, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario M Sanchez-Martin
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital of Granada/University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Jose Diaz-Mochon
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 114, 18016, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital of Granada/University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento, s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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